1、英语四级综合笔记听力(35%)、阅读(35%)、完型填空或改错(10%)、作文和翻译( 20%)。各单项报道分的满分分别为:听力 249 分,阅读 249 分,完型填空或改错 70 分,作文 142 分。各单项分相加之和等于总分(710 分)。 由于是从 WORD 复制过来,导致一些特殊符号不能显示。如果需要原版,请留言 目录一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目二、小对话六大类行分析三、小对话高频场景分析四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解五、语音讲解(英、美),语音现象(吞音、连读等)六、重要短语集合、听力敏感度训练、六大类关键词七、长对话类型分析八、复合式听写技巧总结(语音、词汇)听力规律:考试失
2、败必男生(历年考试中只有女生 Mary 一出现,则为反面人物)安慰必女生火车必迟到飞机必晚点邀约必失败吃饭必成功受伤必轻伤车祸必生还货物必售完(书、票)一、听力概述和故事型及文章型题目(一)故事型文章判断标准判断标准:(所给答案中)大于等于两个人名、地名1“解释结尾”考点“结尾”标志:停顿三秒钟2转折考点(通用考点)But,however,yet,unexpectedly,otherwise,.3对话考点:“he said“ “he laughted“ “he wept(weep)“ “he answered“.升调表否定、疑问(语气语调出考点)(所给选项中)同主语题,例:若主语同为 he 只
3、听男方的一句态度(二)说明型文章判断标准:选项围绕一个词进行讲解1. “最”特质考点 most,more,“-est“,“-er“2. 因果考点:because,so;for( 句中);as(句前);thats the reason why.3. 首末考点(通用考点),首三句,末三句段落题做题原则:视听基本一致原则:耳听声、眼看题顺序做题原则对立选项保留原则:选项当中若有两个相对立,则其中之一必为答案,其余直接排除二、小对话六大类行分析(一)数字题1、数量价格类。方法:1) 听 “新”答案(通过运算所得)2) 简记数字(bill 账单、钞票,cent ,change)2、时间类 时间细节类首末
4、时间点,尤其首时间 时间运算类时间点加减时间量当时间点超过一个以上,以现在时间点为基础Delay ago加 late 减 eatlyLater earlierIn ahead of time(二)对话地点题 head for 去哪At/ on/ in/ to+someplace高频地点:restaurant,hotel,airport(如果地点题中有其一词出现则必选)(三)人物、职业关系题(1)人物职业题。高频职业:secretary 秘书,receptionist 前台服务员, waitress 女服务生,airline hostess 空姐,tour guide 导游(2)人物关系高频关系
5、:医患关系,老板职员(职员 staff),亲属关系(多考双胞胎,母子),服务女与顾客(waitress-customer,passenger-airline hostess,tourist-tour guide)(四)动作题 以动词(do,to do,doing)开头(1)情态动作类 情态词+ 动( could,must,have to,had better,would)(2)时间动作类(now,right now)现在进行时,在强调某一个动作(考点!)(3)建议动作类(why not.,how about doing.,what about doing,if i were you.,why
6、do. )(五)细节题,抓首末的细节(六)意义解释题:重读出考点!三、高频六大场景(一)library 场景1.申请场景 apply v. Application (申请 n.) form 申请 , application letter/ the letter of application 申请信, cancel 取消,reapply 再申请2.查询 check out:you can check those by index(索引).【thumb 拇指,index finger 食指,middle finger 中指, ring finger 无名指,little finger 小指】3.借
7、阅:book,magazine, issue 期刊、案件(重大而难以解决的问题) back issue 过期刊物, current issue 现刊,journal(ist)专业期刊(记者),periodical(半)月刊, cassette=tape item4.矛盾:due 到期,某种临近状态, be due to do sth.即将做某事,deadline,fine 罚款(一般以过去式出现 fined),renew 续借(二)学校场景1.作业 assignment, paper 各种论文,thesis 学科、课堂论文,essay 随笔;学习论文 semester paper,演示 呈现
8、presentation2.课堂、学制:course 课程,optional(可选择的) course 选修课,compulsory(强制的,必须做的) course 必修课,lecture 讲座,lesson(一)节课,credit 学分【credit card 信用卡】 ,year 学年,hour 学时3.老师、学生:大一 freshman,大二 sophomore,大三 junior,大四 senior初中 junior high school,高中 senior high school毕业生 graduate,研究生 postgraduate,在校生 undergraduate,系主任
9、 dean,教授 professor,讲师 instructor,导师/ 家教 tutor(三)医院场景1.病症:头疼 headache,胃疼 stomach-ache,脚踝 ankle,扭脚?,苍白的pale2.预约 make appointment3.治疗 treatment/ cure,药丸 pill,药片 tablet,(四)酒店场景1.预定 v.book=reserve,n.reservation(make a for)2.房型:single room,double room,standard( 标准的 ) room,suite 套房,总统套房 presidential suite,
10、蜜月套房 honeymoon suite3.入住 check incheck out,room serves,cash ,credit card,discount(五)餐厅场景1.邀约:would you likewith me? 订桌 reserve/ book a table for (+number),party 聚会/ 党派/ 列队2.点菜 order:菜单 menu,特价 special offer,牛排 steak,甜点 dessert,海鲜 seafood,酒水 alcohol and beverage,吃饱 full3.结账 check the bill:我买单 this is
11、 my treat/ the bill on me,split(分担) the bill 平分 AA 制,go dutch 各付自己的(贬),divide 分(餐),food allergy 食物过敏,allergic (to)过敏的(六)飞机场场景1.基本词汇:fight 航班,direct 直航,transfer 转乘/ 学/ 部门,passport 护照,air ticket 机票,luggage 行李,security check 安检,gate 登机口,board 登机2.飞机动作:take off 起飞,land 降落,departure(离开)time 起飞时间,arrival
12、time 降落时间, transfer time 转机时间,boarding time 登机时间四、多义词汇讲解及科技型文章讲解(一)多义词汇A:adopt 采取 / 收养adapt 适应/ 修改=rewrite=improvearticle 文章/ 物品=item=stuff=thing/ 法案=constitution=billabuse 虐待(prisoner abuse)/ 滥用(alcohol abuse 酗酒,druges abuse 吸毒,power abuse 滥用职权 )B:bear 熊/ 忍受=stand/ 承载(有)Beat 打(死、败)/ 躲避=dodgeBill 账单
13、/ 钞票/ 法案/ 小广告、张贴画/ 喙(扁嘴)Book 书 / 预定=reserveBox 盒子 / 拳击/ box office 票房C:case 案例/ 箱子(suite case 行李箱)/ 事情事件( in case of 以防万一)Cover 盖子(锅盖 pain cover)/ 封面/ 包含覆盖 v.Charge(be in charge of 负责,take charge in 接管)/ 收费(free of charge 免费)/ 充电 / 使充满D:deal 解决=cope with/ 数量(a good deal of 大量的+不可数 n.)/ 成交/ 事情事件(Its
14、a not big deal)Dump 垃圾场/ I dumped you 我甩了你/ 倾销(反倾销 anti-dumping daty)E:exhaust 枯竭耗尽/ 精疲力竭-ed“/ 尾气废气(exhaust from auto)F:film 电影/ 拍摄=shot/ 胶卷【run out of用完】Fix 修理/ 固定 =install/ (fix a appointment)确认=confirm/ 准备K:kid 小孩/ 开玩笑/ 小羊羔Kill 杀/ 消磨I:issue 期刊/ 事件/ 颁发颁布L:lot 大量的/ 地皮(parking lot) Let 让/ 租( I have
15、a house to let)Lobby(酒店)大厅/ 游说,说服M:match 比赛 n./ 匹配,搭配(match maker 线人)对象/ 火柴O:order 点菜/ 秩序/ 命令P:present 礼物 / 赠送 v./ 演示呈现/ 现在的/ 出席的【反 absent】Q:quality 质量/ 质量好的R:run 跑/ 经营管理Release 公布公开/ 释放S:school 学校/ 学院/ 流派,派别Stamp 邮票/ 贴邮票,盖章、戳/ 跺脚【stampede 踩踏事件,惊跑】Stuff 物品/ 填充、塞Stick 树枝,拐棍/ (stick to 坚持)粘Stock 脱销/ 股
16、票T:tell 告诉/ 区分、辨别【teller 出纳员】Tip 小费/ (笔、树)尖端/ 温馨提示Tie 领带 领结 鞋带/ 系 v./ 关系=relationship(广泛)【Any relationship with.恋爱】/ 平局(二)科技型文章讲解判断标准:scientist 科学家,experiment 实验,research 调查,observe 观察,indicate 表明文章构成:结论、分析、例证考点:1.结论考点:相关句在首 2、3 句;提示词 indicate 表明,find 发现,discover 发现,show 表明2.序数词考点:firstly,secondly,t
17、hirdly ,finally。3.转折词考点:but,however4.首末句考点:首三末三五、语音现象(一)连音失爆现象:爆破音+元音Not at all. Check it out. Cut it out.(停止) Tired of it.(厌倦) Though it out.(艰难度过)(二)六大爆破音:/ d/ / g/ / b/ / t/ / k/ / p/ 失爆发音条件:1.结尾是爆破音+开头为辅音Hard time; first love; next door; cold feet(紧张)2.在语流当中结尾为爆破音要轻度、弱读Oh my god! The inspection
18、of product cant make bad work good.My feet still hurt when I put my weight on it.联系方法:找出所有段落文章连音和失爆部分;试读;跟读。(三)缩读Gonna=going to 将要Gotta=get to 不得不 必须Wanna=want to 想要Kinda=kind of 有些 有点Sorta=sort of (四) 六、重要短语集合及关键词(一)重要短语A:appeal to 吸引 at a loss(精神上的)/ mess(物理)不清楚,混乱B:be worn(wear,wore) out 衣衫褴褛/ 精疲
19、力竭Be (do) through with 完结(该动作 do 的完结)【read through 读完,go through 经历过(痛苦的事) 】Be stuck in 陷入.be held in=make it 准时到达/ 做到Back sb/ sth up 支持=“I 100% behind you.“【back up 支援】Burn the midnight oil 熬夜=stay upC:come out 出现出来/ (考试结果)公布公开 =release/ 开花/ 冲洗(胶卷film)=developF:figure out 弄清楚(1.数字 2.身材体形 3.人物)H:hav
20、e a word with 谈话聊天Have a words with 吵架I:I was off the work today 我下班了Im going to be off work tomorrow.我明天不上班L:lay off 下岗O:out of the world 好,非常好【amazing adj.好;amaze v.奇妙;incredible 难以置信;fantastic;quite a.】(二)听力核心六大词汇1.转折词:but, however, yet2.因果:because,so,for,as,thats the reason why3.比较级、最高级:“-er“,“-
21、est“,more,most4.序数词:firstly,secondly,thirdly ,finally5.重点形容词:important , key,vital=crucial (至关重要的),chief (首要的),only6.事实罗列词:in fact,as a matter of fact,actually 事实上,Its truth that注:并列实施信息点不做考点出现三大考点:首末句考点,现在进行时,语气语调七、长对话场景类型分析(一)找工作场景1.基本词汇:look for=hunt,job hunter 求职者,head hunter 猎头,require v.(requi
22、rement n.)要求, inquire about 打听询问, inquiry n.(make inquiries about)2.职位:post,(job) vacancy 空缺(vacant adj.)3.简历,面试:resume 简历(resume 恢复),application form=cover letter,polish 修改(make sth better),interview(-er,-ee) , address 解决(-er 收件人,-ee寄件人) ,offer 提供,accept 接受,turn down 拒绝=decline(/ 降低)4.工作性质:part-tim
23、e job 兼职,full-time job 全职,intern 实习生,intern job 实习工作,temporary 临时的(He is a temp in our company 他是我们公司的临时工)(二)转学场景 transfer1.学校性质:religious 教会学校,private school 私立学校,public school 公立学校,community school 社区学校2.学校质量:faculty 全体教员, location 地理位置,speciality(教学)特色3.学费:tuition 学费【intuition 直觉】,living expenses
24、(生活费)4.证书:diploma 文凭,Bachelor Degree 学士学位【bachelor 单身汉】,Master Degree 硕士学位, certificate 资格证,school report 成绩单,enroll 登记(三)租房1.基本词汇:landlord 房东, landlady 女房东,tenant 房客,furniture 家具,furnished 精装的,unfurnished 没装修的,sign an agreement/ contract 签合同2.房型:公寓 apartment, flat;合住楼 house,地下室 basement3.矛盾:dump 垃圾
25、场,toilet,blackout 停电,renovate(革新)装修=fitment(四)购物场景(五)旅游场景(六)失物招领总结:1.抓对话结果2.抓作者主要态度3.抓主要话题(首末各三句)4.抓人物身份八、复合式听写阅读全文,预测词性,联系上下文有的空可直接出答案后三句技巧:1.名词转代 人称用主格和宾格代替 地点用 here there 代替 物体用 it 代替 谓语同义转换2.注意事项:不能空白,字迹工整,记录单词的前三个字母,句子成分要完整。抓主谓,抓关键词,补全答案。拼写中的语法:动词过去式、被动态,大小写、专有名词,名词单复数,第三人称单数,拼写。总结:在做题之前一定要先找出关
26、键词,标识是比较级、最高级、数次、否定词、核心的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等阅读一、仔细阅读(一)定位原文:一题对应一段,故只有 5 段有效1.关键词:比较级、最高级、数次、否定词、核心的名次、动词、形容词、专有名词等。2.转折词: 提示词:but,however,yet,although,while 解题思路:转折现象前后的信息是细节和推理题分析的重点范围,首段中的转折句一般提示全文主题3.比较词: 表达方式 词:more,better,most,best,less,least句:Less A than B;more A than B 解题思路:将题干中的比较现象与原文类似现象相对应,得出
27、正确答案;为题干中没有关键词时与原文的比较作为分析重点4.因果词:名:reason,cause,basis,result 提示词 连:because,for ,as,since动:explain,base on,attribute副:as a result,therefore ,thus 解题思路:当题干中有因果词时,在原文中寻找与之相对应的词汇(二)分类题型1.细节题 解题步骤:根据关键词准确定位原文;分析关键词在的句子极其前后的句子;逐次对应,找到答案 逐次对应的方式: 拆词:将选项中的动词名词和形容词进行独立分析比词:与原文动词名词形容词做比较,意义一致者为正确答案 注意事项:出题顺序一
28、般与原文一致;正确答案一般要同意替换2.词义题:背单词!联系上下文猜词。词的表面含义必为错3.主旨题: 基本思路:找到全文中鲜明的主题词和主题句 定位方式:题干重现词;段首重现词;首段首句;首段转折句;(问题方案文章指对方案的评价为主题) 注意事项:各类题型的答案都必须符合文章主题4.态度题=主旨题5.推理题(难度高) 提示词:infer,conclude,learn from 解题步骤:找到题目所针对的段落;分析段落中比较和转折的现象;选择与原文意义最接近的选项 注意:真确答案要求,推理成分越少越好;答案必须符合文章主题6.例证题: 注意事项:就事论事的选项比错 基本思路:例证答案针对相应段
29、落首末两句或例子前后总结性话语7.实验题:(09 年可能考) 阅读方法:详看实验结果,略看试验过程实验目的=首段的目的不定式= 全文主题 考点: 实验结论=末端首末两句实验结果:find,show,notice,discover,observe(三)逻辑比较文: 现象解释:解释为主题,问号为现象标志(人文主观方面) 结论解释:结论为主题(四)题材: 理: 与自然之间的问题,问题方案,对方案的评价(自然界) 【基本规律:解决方案不完美,作者态度为客观】(五)体材:1.议论文:重点分辨作者的观点和态度2.说明文:把握作者所下的定义,关键的数据和细节3.记叙文:(2007.6,2007.12);3.
30、夹叙夹议(以议为主): 阅读方法:分断阅读,重在结尾 题型与解题思路:细节题答案必须符合作者主题;主旨题答案集中在结尾部分(六)类型:单线式/ 对立式(把握好对立观点代表词,如赞同 “for“、对立“against“)(七)解题步骤1. 扫描题干,找关键词2. 浏览原文,做标记(关键词、转折词、比较词、因果词)3. 比较选项得答案二、快速阅读(一)热点题材:TimesEconomist1环境(08.6 温室气体)2经济(经济危机、美元贬值)3能源(不可再生燃料 fossil fuels)4美国大选(奥巴马美国黑人总统,希拉里,民族构成)(二)阅读步骤1仔细阅读文章标题:大标题=文章主题,小标题
31、=层次主题和结构2仔细阅读文章首段=写作背景/ 有时针对第 10 题答案3分析题干辨认关键词4根据关键词找到若干句子进行阅读,其余部分一概不看(三)题型与解题思路1判断:比较两句的含义,注意未有出现的关键词所在的选项为“N“2填空:将原文信息与题干进行比较多余/ 剩余部分即为答案3单选题:选项与原文用词最一致者为正确答案作文现象分析题一、议论文 正反观点题“How to“题(大学生如何做)(一)现象分析 第一段:现象陈述【校园现象】:In campus, it can often be heard about how to pass an exam, to hunt a good job or
32、 even to make friends. While, recently,it seems/ appears no other topics can arouse more students attention than the one that 同位语从句.【社会现象】:Nowadays, everybody who often reads the newspaper might well be exposed to such a fact as 同位语从句, which has recently been brought to the hub of the public attenti
33、on.【越来越多的人关注】:Nowadays, (话题关键词), as a hot topic, is increasingly arousing public attention for the very reason that (话题展开句).nowadays, the newspapers have pushed the issue of (话题关键词) to the hub of the public attention/ concern for the very reason that (话题展开句). 第二段:原因=主题句 +扩展句主题句:If asked what I shoul
34、d do, well , I would like to do the followings. The first is to 原因 1, “doing“原因 2,no matter what kinds of difficulties lying ahead/ I will meet. The second, I think I had better (make full use of the school resources, such as the assistant work in a lab), which is also quite a good way.扩展句:主观(think,
35、feel)“.to such an extent that .“=so 所以the development of society/ economyThe improvement of living standardsThe increase of population客观 The environment pollutionThe global warmingThe fierce/ severe/ cruel competition“.for the reason that.“=because; “., making, .“He is ill to such an extent that he
36、is absent.例 He is absent for the reason that he is ill.He is ill making himself absent.(原因段:Why you may wonder? There are two reasons accounting for it. For one thing, ., to such an extent that . . For the other, ., making . .) 第三段(动作段):措施、危害措施 1to do写法: 措施 2谓语动词用 doing 伴随措施之一1.措施: 动词不定式 to do基本不考 非
37、谓语动词 动名词 doing分词 doing/ done非谓语动词1) to do:表措施的常用句型 做表语:The first important thing is to do .The first important thing, which plays the fundamental role in the issues solution is to do . 做主语:To do . serves to assist the issues total solution.(能源短缺型)To increase the investment on R&D to look for some su
38、bstitute energy serves to assist the issues total solution. 做同位语:The measure to do. should be taken as soon as possible. 做宾语:I strongly feel it highly imperative for the authorities to do. .下定决心干:make up ones mind to do sth 措施词组 尽全力做:make every effort to do .不遗余力做:spare no effort to do .【措施段】:There
39、are many measures to be taken. The first important thing is to / / . In addition, in my view, it is high time that 具体情况 .OR:There are many measures to be taken. First, I strongly feel it highly imperative for the authorities to / / . Second, it is also necessary that the government should 具体情况 .esta
40、blish some relevant regulations/ policies/ decrees/ laws and put them into practice, making it under control.(万能措施)arouse the public concern/ attention to it.引起公众的关心 (常用措施)increase the investment on it.增加投资【能源短缺型题】:To increase the investment on R&D to look for some substitute energy serves to assist
41、 the issues total solution.2) 谓语动词 “-ed“It is highly imperative/ suggested that the authorities should do .It is (high) time that (the investment was incresaed)过去式从句 . (虚拟语气)3) 提供 doing 伴随 1)、2)其一The first important thing is to establish the relevant policies, making the issue under some control.2.
42、危害段 (个人、社会)1)个人:举例说明 A , for example, B A 是对 B 的总结,B 为具体例子 Some fake products do harm to peoples health, for example, fake medicine can even kill one person. Too much time on computer can cause some mental unfitness, for example, one may feel rather depressed when he is deprived of(被剥夺了) the compute
43、r even for one day.2)社会:情绪法(憎恨、遗憾、怀疑等偏否定态度)【危害段】:The negative effects of 该现象的核心名词 are obvious. A(归纳总结性语句), for example, B(具体例子). Also it can by no means escape from the blame for a dissatisfying/ disappointing/ bad/ awful societys forming.(二)正反观点对比题 第一段: Recently, there is going on a hot discussion
44、on some websites bbs, arguing whether 话题陈述句 , which is hard to give a definite answer to. Nowadays, people are always talking about whether 同上, which is really/ indeed not easy to five a definite answer to. 话题疑问句? As most of us have had the unpleasant occasion to discover, one persons answer can be
45、quite different from anothers . People have their own ways of looking upon this problem and their own reasons for thinking so. 【哲理段】:要论证的哲理(Honesty is the best policy). If 好的方面(you are honest), it follows that 简单陈述益处(people will believe you), doing 伴随解释好的方面带来的结果(helping you when you are in trouble).
46、On the contrary, if 反方面(you are cheating/ deceptive/ not honest), you will soon find yourself trapped in a terrible condition that 反面导致的结果(no one will be your friend./ no matter what you say, no one believes you.)【 一些人认为Some people believe 宾从.=It is generally believed that 主从. (主语从句转换法 )=There is a
47、popular view/ belief among some people that 同从.(同位语从句转换法)=One allegation/ view/ assumption often made (by some people) is that 表从.( 表语从句转换法)我认为 I think .=Its my view/ point that .=I have always been of the impressure/ thought that .=My standing point is that . 第二段:陈述别人观点【别人观点】:One allegation often m
48、ade is that 观点 , because they believe 原因 . While, among the discussion sounds an opposite voice, saying 观点 . 第三段:我的观点【我的观点】:In my opinion, I cannot agree with the latter any more, for I have always been of the impression that 观点的主观论据. Further, it is also one reason for my standing point that 观点 的客观论
49、据.(三)how to 题 第一段:必要性分析(作用、好处、益处、必要性)【必要性】:Frankly speaking, 话题 is obviously helpful/ necessary for a college students growth, no matter what kind of specialty he or she is majoring in. For example, it can be greatly instrumental to develop a students ability in the campus, which will exert far-reaching