1、1主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement )主谓一致指谓语动词必须在人称与数的方面与主语保持一致。其三个原则如下：1.语法一致原则。该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致。即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词就用复数形式。2.意义一致原则。有时谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式。This news is important for us.3.就近原则。有时，谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语。关于主谓一致的补充：1. 通常用做复数的集合名词。police, people, cattle 等集合名词作主语，谓语用复数。但 peop
2、le 意为“民族”时，用作单数。The police are searching for the lost child.2. Clothing (衣服)，poetry(诗歌)，baggage/luggage( 行李)，furniture( 家具)，machinery(机械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery( 珠宝)， equipment(设备)等集合名词通常只用做不可数名词，表示单数意义，用做主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。3. “分数（百分数）+of+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致。About 30 percent of the students wer
3、e absent that day.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.4. “one in (out of )+复数名词 ”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。Only one in ten students has passed the examination.5. “all of (some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, plenty of)+名词” 作主语时，谓语动词的数与其名词的数保持一致。Most of the people are against the
4、plan.Most of his money is spent on food.6. “the number of +名词” 作主语时，谓语用单数。“a number of +名词” 作主语时，谓语用复数。7. all 作主语时。若指人，谓语通常用复数，若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。All have gone home. (所有的人都回家了) All that glitters is not gold. (发亮的不一定都是金子)若是“all of + 名词”作主语时，则谓语动词与其中名词的数保持一致。All of the money is mine.All of the books are
5、mine.28. either 和 neither 作主语时，若是单独使用作主语，谓语动词用单数。若是“either (neither) of + 名词”作主语，则其后的谓语动词可用单数（正式文体）或复数（非正式文体） 。Neither was satisfactory.9. “one of + 复数名词+ 定语从句”中，定语从句谓语动词用复数，但 one of 前有 the (only) 修饰时，则定语从句谓语动词用单数。He is one of the people who were killed in the accident. (他是事故丧命的人之一)He is the only on
6、e of the people who was killed in the accident.(他是事故中唯一丧命的人)10. “many a +名词” 和“more than one +名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数。 （遵循语法一致的原则）Many a child was playing there. 很多小孩在那儿玩。More than one student has failed the exam. 不止一个学生考试未及格。若是“more +复数名词+than one” 作主语时，则谓语用复数。More students than one have read the book.11. e
7、ach 作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each student has his own desk. 每个学生都有自己的课桌。They each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英汉词典。each 用于复数名词后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数。 、12. 表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志及组织等名词作主语，通常作为整体看，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States lies in the North America. 13. 以-ics 和-s 结尾的名词，news, plastics, works（工厂）, physi
8、cs 等结尾的表示学科名称的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Physics is now taught in all schools.14. 一些由两个相同部分组成一个整体的复数名词如 glasses, trousers, shoes, scissors（剪刀）等作主语时，如果主语前有“一条” ， “一把” ， “一双”等修饰则谓语用单数；如果谓语前是复数修饰或没有修饰语，谓语用复数。This pair of shoes is his sisters.The shoes are his sisters.15. 以-sh, -ch, -ese 结尾的表示国家，民族的形容词与 the 连用，指整个民
9、族，有复数的含义，谓语动词用复数，但表示语言时用单数。The French are brave.French is a beautiful language.16. 定冠词加上某些形容词，如 the rich, the old, the poor 等表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数，如果表示一类事物时，谓语动词用单数3The rich are for the plan, but the poor are against it. 富人们赞成这个计划，但穷人们反对它。The beautiful is not always the good. 美的并不总是好的。17. 在 “It + be + 被强调部
10、分+ that/who”结构中，be 用单数形式，如被强调部分是主语，that/who 后的谓语与被强调部分的人称，数保持一致。It is I who am a student. 我是学生。It is they who have worked there for five years. 18. 在 There be 句型中，谓语的数要与并列主语中的邻近词保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the table.There are many books and a computer on the desk.19. “a + 单数名词+ or two”作主语时，
11、谓语动词用单数。“one or two + 复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。A day or two has passed. 一两天过去了。One or two days have passed.一两天过去了。20. 两个主语，一个肯定，另一个否定，谓语动词的数与肯定主语一致。I, not you, am the right person to do the work.21. 动名词，不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Walking on the moon is very difficult.To talk with him is a great pleasure.22. 名词所有格形式
12、表示某人住处或是诊所等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 My uncles is not far from here.23. “One and a half + 复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。One and a half bananas is left on the table.24 “A large quantity of + 可数（或不可数）名词 ”作主语，谓语动词用单数。“Quantities of + 可数（或不可数）名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。A large quantity of people is needed there.Large quantities of food ar
13、e on the table.25 公式（如加减乘除等）作主语，谓语动词用单数。Five times eight (58) is forty.26 疑问代词 what, which, who 的单复数意义，根据说话人的意图决定。Who lives/live in the next room?27. This kind of book=a book of this kind (这种书)，其谓语用单数；短语 this kind of men=men of this kind= these kind of men (口语)（这一类人), 但 this kind of men 的谓语用单数，men of this kind 和 these kind of men 的谓语用复数，all kinds of 后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。例如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.
