1、英语 科学案 序号 043 高三 年级 4&7 班 教师：温春梅 学生： 非谓语动词复习二（总结）重点难点总汇非谓语动词的高考命题导向：非谓语动词是高考的重点，考查立意较低，主要考查非谓语动词的一般用法和含义，但是题目的设计注重了情景化，结构较为复杂。一、 非谓语动词的分类、构成及功能一览表构成非谓语形式时态和语态 否定式 复合结构特征和作用不定式to do, to be doing, to have done,to have been doingto be done,to have been donefor sb.to do sth.具有名词、副词和形容词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾
2、语、状语、宾补（在 let, make, see, feel, notice 等动词后做宾补时不带 to）现在分词 doing, having donebeing done, having been done分词 过去分词 done具有副词、形容词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、状语、宾补（常用在 see, find, feel, keep, get, have 等动词之后）动名词doing, having donebeing done, having been done在非谓语动词前+not/neversbs doing具有名词的作用，在句中作主语、定语、表语、宾语、二、 作宾语的非谓语动词比较
3、三、 非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别类别 常见动词 与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概 念 例句ask, beg, expect, get, order, tell, want, wish, encourage不定式have, notice, see, watch, hear, feel, let, make主谓关系。强调动作将发生或已经完成1) I expect them to win the game.2) I heard him call me several times.现在分词主谓关系。强调动作正在进行，尚未完成I found her listening to the radio.过去分词not
4、ice, see, watch, hear, find, keep, have, feel（即：感官动词和使役动词）动宾关系。动作已经完成，多强调状态We found the village greatly changed.四、 现在分词和过去分词的用法对比分类项目现在分词 过去分词 例句情况 常用动词只接不定式作宾语的动词hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happenmind, miss, enjoy, im
5、agine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider只接动名词作宾语的动词或短语 cant help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be tired of, look
6、forward to, devote oneself to, be worth (doing), be busy (doing), pay attention to, stick to, adapt tobegin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue （接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为）意义基本相同 need, want, require （接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则应用被动形式）意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regr
7、et to do （指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）go on to do （接着做另外一件事）go on doing （接着做同一件事）try to do （设法，努力去做， ）try doing（试试做， ）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing（意思是，意味着）两者都可以意义不同cant help (to) do（不能帮忙做） cant help doing（忍不住要做）意义 表示主动意义 表示被动意义 1. I can hear him singing.2. I can hear the song sung
8、in English.动作 所表示的动作一般在进行中所表示的动作多已完成China is a developing country while America is a developed one.语义 意思为“令人” 意思为“感到” It is an exciting match, so we are excited.五、 特别提示1. 关于不定式1）不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词 do（各种形式） ，则不定式不带 to；否则不能省 to。He did nothing all the morning but watch TV.He said nothing but to sleep.2
9、）不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是不及物动词，记住别漏掉介词。I want a small room to live in. / I need a nice pen to write with.3）不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let, make)的宾补，动词不定式不带 to，但句子变成被动语态时，要带 to。I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room.2. 关于分词1) 现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。I saw him walking
10、across the road. (正在穿过马路)I saw him walk across the road. (看到全过程，过了马路)2）及物动词的过去分词(done) 与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作在进行。The picture fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被订在墙上了)The picture being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (正被订在墙上)注意：不定式有表将来之意。The picture to
11、 be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend. (将要被订在墙上)3) 分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留分词的逻辑主语 )或者由一个 with/without 引导的介词短语表达。Time permitting, well do another two exercises.His work finished, he prepared to go home.With his work finished, he prepared to go home.3. 关于动名词1）动名词作定语表所修饰词的
12、用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。2）动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主语不行。Do you mind my/me/Tom smoking here?My/Toms smoking here annoyed him.3）动名词作主语还可用于“There be no+动名词”结构和“布告形式的省略结构中。There is no knowing what he will do next. 不知道他下一步会做什么。No smoking. 禁止吸烟。 第 1 页 共 6 页实战演练一、现在分词练习 Fill in the blanks according to
13、the words given.1. The _(sleep) boy is Tom.2. Tell the children _(play) outside not to make too much noise.3. Tom, _(wear) beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.4. The story is _(move).5. We all found his equipment _(interest).6. I saw Mary _(go) upstairs then.7. _(see) their teacher coming,
14、the students stopped talking.8. While _(wait) for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.9. _(work) harder, youll be No. 1 in your class.10. He died, _(leave) nothing but debts.11. He sat by the roadside, _(beg).12. _ (finish) his homework, the boy went out to play games.13. The factory _(build) no
15、w is a big one.14. The color is _(please) to eyes.15. The government plans to bring in new laws _ (force) parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.16. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _ (kill) all four people on board.17. They use comp
16、uters to keep the traffic _ (run) smoothly.18. At the age of 29, Dave was a worker, _ (live) in a small apartment near Boston and _ (wonder) what to do about his future.19. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle _ (try) to balance it.20. _ (walk) in the fields on a March
17、 afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.Translation exercise:二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. 1) _ to the left, and youll see the bus stop.2) _ to the left, youll see the bus stop. (turn)2. 1) _ many times, he still couldnt understand the question.2) _ me the bad news, he went out of the room sadly. (tell)3.
18、 1) Nothing could make us _ up the hope.2) Crusoe made a candle _ light. (give)4. 1) I want _ your bag.2) Your eyes want _.3) I want my eyes _ this afternoon.(examine)5. 1) Whats the way Smith thought of _ enough money to buy the new house?2) Im thinking of _ Tom to repair my bike. (get)6. 1) We don
19、t allow _ in the office because of the public health.2) We dont allow anyone _ in the office because of the public health.(smoke)7. 1) My little brother enjoys nothing but _ to music.2) My little brother does nothing all day but _ to music.3) My little brother had no choice but _ to me.( listen)8. 1
20、) The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself _ . (hear)2) The teacher raised his voice in order to make his students _ what he said. 3) The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _ .9. 1) The problem is worth _ again . 2) The problem is worthy _ again . 3) The pr
21、oblem is worthy of _ . (discuss)10. 1) It passes right through their bodies , only _ (get) a little thicker and sweeter . 2) He worked harder only _ (fail) again . 11. 1) No one can stop us _ questions.2) We stopped _ a schoolboy the way to the teachers office. (ask)12. 1) _ with so much trouble, we
22、 failed to complete the task on time.2)Nearly every great building in Beijing was built _ south. (face)13. 1) The parents meeting _ next Saturday is very important.2) The 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing was a great success.3) The parents meeting _ in our school now is important.(hold)14. 1) _ this c
23、ake, you need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour.2) _ the cake, she got down to cooking some milk. 3) I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ matters worse, it began to rain. (make)15. 1) The room is so dirty that I cant help _ it.2) Im too busy, so I cant help _ the room.3) The room is too dirty.
24、I cant help but _ it. (clean)16. 1) I knew I would be busy today, so I had my paper _ last night.2) I cant go with you. I have some papers _.3) Do you have any papers _ , sir? (type)17. 1) With many problems _ , the president will have a hard time.2) With the problem _, he had a good sleep last nigh
25、t.3) With the secretary _ the problem, he is reading the newspaper leisurely in the office. (settle)18. 1) “I ever saw him _ an old man of 500 yuan,” he said to the police.2) He was seen _ an old man of 500 yuan in the street yesterday.3) Unluckily, the policeman saw him _ an old man around the corn
26、er. (cheat)19. The film was _ and all of us were very _ . (disappoint)20. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ (open and close) could be heard outside the classroom.三、 语法填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用括号中的词的适当形式填空A study 1 _ (publish) in September suggests there is a 2 _ (surprise) way to get people 3
27、 _ (avoid) unhealthy foods: change their memories. Scientist Elizabeth Loftus of the University of California at Irvine asked volunteers 4 _ (answer) some questions on their personalities and food experiences. “One week later,” Lotus says, “ 5 _ (feed) the people, we told them to type their answers
28、into our smart computer and it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences.” Some accounts included one key additional detail. 6_ (tell) that they had got sick after 7 _ (eat) strawberry ice-cream, the researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured (人为促成的) memory through 8 _ (lead) questions-Who were you with? How did you feel? By the end of the study, up to 41% of those 9 _ (give) a false memory believed strawberry ice-cream once make them sick, and many said theyd avoid 10_ (eat) it.第 2 页 共 6 页
