1、中考网 中考网 期末专题辅导代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表:数 单数 复数 格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 第一人称 I me we us 第二人称 you you you you he him they them 第三人称 she her they them it it they them 如:He is
2、my friend. 他是我的朋友。Its me. 是我。二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表。数 单数 复数 人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 形容词性 my your his/its/her our your their物主代词 名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs物主代词 如: I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我
3、们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿。三、 指示代词表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。指示代词有 this,that,these,those 等。中考网 中考网 如: That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。四、 表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我们自己”、“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”。如: She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有 each other 和 one another 两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。如: They love e
4、ach other. 他们彼此相爱。六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all, both,each,every 等,以及含有 some-,any-,no- 等的合成代词,如 anybody, something,no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但 none 和由 some,any ,no 等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语;every 和 no 只能作定语。如:- Do you have a car? - 你有一辆小汽车吗?- Yes,I have one. - 是的,我有一辆。- I dont know
5、 any of them. -他们,我一个也不认识。七、疑问代词有 who,whom ,whose ,what 和 which 等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句)如:Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。八、关系代词有 who,whom ,whose ,that,which,as 等,可用作引导从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。如: He is the man whom you have been looking
6、 for.他就是你要找的那个人。1、人称代词的用法1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如:John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语中考网 中考网 用在主句中,例如:When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去
7、银行了。2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her 作宾语, them 作介词宾语,her 作主语补语)说明:在上面两例句中,her 作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为 she 和 I。2、人称代词之主、宾格的替换1)宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后,多用宾语。- I like English. -我喜欢英语。- Me too.
8、- 我也喜欢。- Have more wine? -再来点酒喝吗?- Not me. - 我可不要了。b. 在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格a. 在介词 but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 - I wish to speak to Mary. - 我想和玛丽通话。- This is she. -我就是玛丽。注意:在动词 be 或 to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I th
9、ought it was she. 我以为是她。 (主格-主格)I thought it to be her. (宾格- 宾格)I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她。 (主格-主格)They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她。 (宾格 -宾格)3、代词的指代问题1)不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one,及 whoever 和 person 在正式场合使用时,可用 he, his, him 代替。中考网 中考网 Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是
10、吗?2)动物名词的指代一般用 it 或 they 代替,有时也用 he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩。Give the cat some food. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3)指代车或国家,船舶的名词,含感情色彩时常用 she。4、并列人称代词的排列顺序1)单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/she; it IYou, he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 第二人称 第三人称we you they注意: 在下列情况中,第一人称放在前面。a. 在承认错误
11、,承担责任时,It was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b. 在长辈对晚辈,长官对下属说话时,如长官为第一人称, 如:I and you try to finish it.c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时。d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。5、物主代词1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用,例如:John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk. 约翰割破了手指,显而易见,他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性(my, y
12、our 等)和名词性(mine, yours 等)两种,形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s 属格结构,例如:Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语,例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.中考网 中考网 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b. 作宾语,例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。
13、c. 作介词宾语,例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话,而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d. 作主语补语,例如:The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你,属于你,属于你。6、双重所有格物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which 等词
14、一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a, an, this, that +名词+of + 名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mineeach brother of his7、反身代词1)列表 I you you she he myself yourself yourselves herself himselfwe they it oneourselves themselves itself oneself2)作宾语a. 有些动词需有反身代词absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, be
15、haveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.I could not dress (myself) up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注:有些动词后不跟反身代词, get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up 等。Please sit down. 请坐。3)作
16、表语; 同位语be oneself: I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。中考网 中考网 The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。8、相互代词1)相互代词只有 each other 和 one another 两个词组。它们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的,例如:It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.显而易见,不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2)相互代词的句法功能:
17、a. 作动词宾语:People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。b. 可作介词宾语:Dogs bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 狗吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明:传统语法认为,相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用 each other, 存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another。现代英语中,两组词交替使用的实例也很多,例如:He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.
18、他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c. 相互代词可加-s 构成所有格,例如:The students borrowed each others notes.学生们互借笔记。9、指示代词1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可作代词,例如:单数 复数限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.代词: This is Mary. Those are
19、 my teachers.2)指示代词的句法功能:a. 作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b. 作宾语中考网 中考网 I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c. 作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d. 作介词宾语I dont say no to that. 我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说明 1:指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。 ( t
20、hat 作主语,指人) (对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。 (this 作限定词)(错)He is going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this. 我买这个。 (this 指物,可作宾语)说明 2:that 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词,但 this 和 these 不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有 those 可指人,试比较:(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired thos
21、e who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 (those 指人)(错) He admired that who danced well. (that 作宾语时不能指人)(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。 (those 指人)(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。 (those指物)10、疑问代词1)疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个:指 人: who, whom, whose指 物: what既可
22、指人又可指物: which2)疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前,没有性和数的变化,除 who 之外也没有格的变化。what, which, whose 还可作限定词。试比较:中考网 中考网 疑问代词:Whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的?限定词:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的书是谁的?What events led to most of the eas
23、t of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国?说明 1:无论是作疑问代词还是限定词,which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what 所指的范围是无限的,而 which 则指在一定的范围内,例如:Which girls do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个姑娘?What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘?说明 2:whom 是 who 的宾格,在书面语中,它作动词宾语或介词宾语,在口语中作宾语时,可用 who 代替,但在
24、介词后只能用 whom, 例如:Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁?(作动词宾语)Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁?(作介词宾语,置句首)To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了?(作介词宾语,置介词后,不能用 who 取代。 )说明 3:疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时,过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句末,现代英语中,疑问代词在句首,介词在句未,例如:For what do most people live and work?大部分人生
25、活和工作的目的是什么?(旧文体)What are you looking for?你在找什么?(现代英语)说明 4:疑问代词还可引导名词性从句,例如:I cant make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 中考网 中考网 你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗?Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意,但并不完全赞同。【模拟试题】 (答题
26、时间:30 分钟)一、用括号中的适当形式填空1. Are these _(you)pencils?Yes, they are _(our) .2. Whose is this pencil?Its _(I).3. I love _(they)very much.4. She is_(I)classmate.5. Miss Li often looks after_(she)brother.6. Are these _(they)bags ?No, they arent _(their). They are _ (we).二、选择1. If you drove more carefully, y
27、our uncle would be all right and you wouldnt have hurt_.A. himself B. yourself C. itself D. yourselves2. The schools in Shanghai are not different from_. A. those in Beijing B. that of BeijingC. Beijng D. beijings students3. All parents love their children, and my parents love_, too. A. ours B. thei
28、rs C. them D. his4. “When shall we meet next time?” “_ day is OK.”A. Either B. Neither C. None D. Any5. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but_ of them is useful to him. A. both B. all C. none D. any6. The Smiths have visited two famous cities. One is in Japan and_ is in China. A. anothe
29、r B. other C. others D. the other7. The pen is_. She wrote _name with it_. A. hers; her; herself B. her; hers; her C. her; hers; herself D. her; herself; hers8. That bridge is almost broken. _is not safe to cross the bridge. 中考网 中考网 A. It B. She C. This D. That9. These are_ cups. _ are over there. A
30、. our; Yours B. yours; Mine C. his; Our D. their; Your10. The old men has_ friends. So he often feels lonely. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little11. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-_,thanks. Id like just a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None12. -Who has a
31、 dictionary, children?-I have_. A. it B. this C. one D. so13. _are in the same class. A. Her and me B. She and l C. Me and her D. l and she14. _of them has a new dictionaryA. Every B. Each C. All D. Both15. His parents_ English teachers. A. both are B. are both C. all are D. are all【试题答案】一、1. your ours 2. mine 3. them 4. my 5. her 6. their, theirs, ours二、1-5 BABDD 6-10 DAAAA 11-15 BCBBB