1、Lesson1 The Middle Eastern Bazaar1. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance.此时
2、此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。2. It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment.对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。3. The
3、seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer.而在卖主那一方来说，他必须竭尽全力地声称，他开出的价钱使他根本无利可图，而他之所以愿意这样做完全是出于他本人对顾客的敬重。4. The pole is attached at the one end to
4、an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel.作为磙轴，磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连，使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动，另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上，通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。5. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the
5、linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone
6、runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.这套装置是由一个人操作的。他先将亚麻籽浆铲入一只大石缸里，继而
7、动作利索地爬上令人头晕目眩的高处系牢缆索，然后全身使劲压在一根用树干做成的粗大的横梁上，带动缆索的滑轮装置运转。古木大梁压得嘎吱作响，缆索开始绷紧，接着便见一滴滴的油沿着一条石槽流入一只废旧汽油桶里。随着大梁越压越低，缆索越绷越紧，大梁的嘎吱声，石磙的辘辘声，以及骆驼不时发出的咕噜咕噜的呼吸声和叹息声响成一片，榨出的油也很快地由涓滴细流变成了一股晶莹发亮、奔腾不止的洪流。Lesson 2 Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan1. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of s
8、ad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment Id previously taken. Was I not at the scene of th
9、e crime?其次，则是因为我当时心情沉重，喉咙哽噎，忧思万缕，几乎顾不上去管那日本铁路官员说些什么。踏上这块土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，对我来说这行动本身已是一套令人激动的经历，其意义远远超过我以往所进行的任何一次旅行或采访活动。难道我不就是在犯罪现场吗?2. Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the firs
10、t atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.出人意料的是，刚到广岛车站时袭扰着我的那种异样的忧伤情绪竟在这时重新袭上心头，我的心情又难受起来，因为我又一次意识到自己置身于曾遭受第一颗原子弹轰击的现场。这儿曾有成千上万的生命顷刻之间即遭毁灭，还有成千上万的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。3. There ar
11、e two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact.在这个以牡蛎闻名的城市里有两种截然不同的意见，一种主张保存原子弹爆炸留下的痕迹，另一种则主张销毁一切痕迹，甚至要拆除立于爆炸中心的纪念碑。这一派人还
12、要求拆掉原子博物馆。4. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not.假如你身上有着明显的原子伤痕，你的孩子就会受到那些没有伤痕的人的歧视。5. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and a
13、dd it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character.每当我从死神那儿挣脱出来的那一天，每当病痛将我从尘世烦恼中解放出来的那一天，我都要叠一只新的小纸鸟，加到原有的纸鸟群里去。我就这样看着这些纸鸟，庆幸病痛给自己带来的好运。因为正是我的病痛使我有了怡养性情的机会。Less
14、on 4 Everyday Use1. In real life I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. In the winter I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill and clean a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather. I can work outside all day, breaking ice
15、to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open tire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill be-fore nightfall. But of course all this does not sho
16、w on television. I am the way my daughter would want me to be: a hundred pounds lighter, my skin like an uncooked barley pan-cake. My hair glistens in the hot bright lights. Johnny Car son has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.在现实生活中，我是一个大块头、大骨架的妇女，有着干男人活儿的粗糙双手。冬天睡觉时我穿着绒布睡衣，白天身穿套头
17、工作衫。我能像男人一样狠狠地宰猪并收拾干净。我身上的脂肪是我在寒冬也能保暖。我能整天在户外干活儿，敲碎冰块，取水洗衣。我能吃从刚宰杀的猪体内切下来、还冒着热气、而后在明火上烧熟的猪肝。有一年冬天，我用一把大铁锤击倒一头公牛，锤子正大在小牛两眼之间的大脑上。天黑之前，我把牛肉挂起来凉着。不过，这一切当然都没有在电视上出现过。我的女儿希望我的样子是：体重减去一百磅，皮肤像下锅煎之前的大麦面饼那样细腻光泽，头发在炽热耀眼的灯光下闪闪发亮。而且，我还是一个伶牙俐齿的人，说起话来妙语连珠，就连约翰尼.卡森也望尘莫及。2. But that is a mistake. I know even before
18、 I wake up. Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? It seems to me I have talked to them always with one toot raised in flight, with my head turned in whichever way is farthest from them. Dee, though. She would always look anyone i
19、n the eye. Hesitation was no part of her nature.可是，这是个错误，我还没醒来之前就知道了。谁听说约翰逊家的人士伶牙俐齿的？谁能想象我敢直视一个陌生的白人？和他们讲话时，我总是紧张不安，随时准备溜走。我的头总是转到离他们最远的方向。不过，迪伊就不这样。她对任何人都不畏惧。犹豫不决可不是她的本性。3. I used to think she hated Maggie, too. But that was before we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to s
20、chool. She used to read to us without pity, forcing words, lies, other folks habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice. She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didnt necessarily need to know. Pressed us to her with the s
21、erious way she read, to shove us away at just the moment, like dimwits, we seemed about to understand.过去我以为她也讨厌麦姬。但是那是在教堂和我筹钱送她到奥古斯塔上学之前的事。那时她常给我们读点什么，读时毫无同情之心，将文字、谎言、别人的习惯以及整个生活强加于我俩。我和麦姬毫无办法，一无所知地困坐在那里，她的声音凌驾于我们之上。她对我们灌输一大堆编造出来的事物以及我们不需要掌握的知识。她严肃地强迫我们听她读书，把我们两人看成傻瓜一样，刚有点似懂非懂的时候又把我们挥之而去。4. I never
22、had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down. Dont ask me why. in 1927 colored asked fewer questions than they do now. Sometimes Maggie reads to me. She stumbles along good-naturedly but cant see well. She knows she is not bright. Like good looks and money, quickness passed
23、 her by. She will marry John Thomas (who has mossy teeth in an earnest face) and then Ill be free to sit here and I guess just sing church songs to myself. Although I never was a good singer. Never could carry a tune. I was always better at a mans job. 1 used to love to milk till I was hooked in the
24、 side in 49. Cows are soothing and slow and dont bother you, unless you try to milk them the wrong way.我自己从未受过教育。我上完小学二年级时，学校关门了。别问我为什么：1927 年时有色人种不像现在问这么多问题。有时麦姬给我读点东西。她温厚地、结结巴巴地读者，因为她看不清楚。她知道自己不聪明。正如姣好的相貌和金钱一样，机敏也没有光顾她。不久她就要嫁给约翰.托马斯（他有一张诚实的面孔和一口像长了苔的牙齿）。麦姬结婚后，我将闲坐在家里，也许只对自己唱唱教堂歌曲，尽管我从来唱不好，总是走调，我对于
25、男人活儿倒是更在行。我一向喜欢挤牛奶，直到 1949 年我的肋部被牛顶伤了为止。母牛生性恬静、动作缓慢，不会伤害人，除非你挤奶时动作不得法。Lesson 5 Speech on Hitlers Invasion of the U.S.S.R.1. I have only one purpose, the destruction of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in
26、the House of Commons.我现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至少会在下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。2. If Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slightest divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democracies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken.如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会
27、使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或松懈斗志的话，那他就大错特错了。3. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of
28、his crimes.他之所以想摧毁俄国，乃是因为他期望着一旦这一行动顺利得手，他便可以将其陆、空军主力从东线调回，投入对英伦三岛的进攻。他清楚地知道，他必须征服英国，否则，他将因其犯下的种种罪行而受到惩罚。4. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemies one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and that then the
29、 scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his conquests would be in vain namely, the subjugation of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.他期望能以空前的规模再度重演他长期以来赖以发迹的将敌手各个击破的故伎，然后便可以腾出场地来演出最后的一幕将整个西半球置于他的控制和统治之下。他知道，如果做不到这一点，他的全部战果都将化为泡影。Lesson 6 Blackmail1. “Ill tell you,
30、 Duke-Ive been in this town and this hotel a long time. I got friends all over. I oblige them; they do the same for me, like letting me know what gives, anwhere. There aint much, out of the way, which people who stay in this hotel do, I dont get to hear about. Most ofem never know I know, or know me
31、. They think they got their little secret tucked away, and so they have-except like now.”“告诉你吧，公爵我在这个城市和这个旅馆呆的时间都很久了。到处都有我的朋友。我时常为他们帮忙，他们也同样帮我的忙，比如说告诉我哪儿发生了些什么事儿，住在这个旅馆的人们做了些什么事情，凡是有点儿出格的，那就很少能瞒得过我。他们多半都不知道我会知道，而且也不认识我。他们以为自己的那些小秘密被隐瞒住了也的确有瞒住的时候可是这一回却瞒不住了。 ”2. “Well now, theres no call for being has
32、ty.” The incongruous falsetto voice took on a musing note. “Whats dones been done. Rushinany place aint gonna bring back the kid nor its mother neither. Besides, what theyd do to you across at the headquarters, Duke, you wouldnt like. No sir, you wouldnt like it at all.”“依我说呢，这事也不用着急。 ”他那刺耳的尖嗓音此时带着一
33、种沉思的声调。 “事已至此，急也无益，再急也不能让那小孩和她的母亲复生。况且，到了警察局他们用来处置你的办法，公爵，你是不会喜欢的。真的，阁下，你绝不会喜欢的。 ”3. The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. It was essential, she knew, that her thinking remain calm and reasoned. In the last few minutes the conversation had become as seemingly casual as if
34、the discussion were of some minor domestic matter and not survival itself. She intended to keep it that way. Once more, she was aware, the role of leadership had fallen to her, her husband now a tense but passive spectator of the exchange between the evil fat man and herself. No matter. What was ine
35、vitable must be accepted. The important thing was to consider all eventualities. A thought occurred to her.克罗伊敦公爵夫人极力控制自己那如脱缰野马般的思绪。她知道保持自己头脑的冷静和理智是至关重要的。方才那最后几分钟的谈话似乎变得非常随便，仿佛他们所讨论的只是一些无关紧要的家常琐事，而不是人命关天的大事。她有意要使谈话照这样进行。她意识到，唱主角的责任又一次地落到了自己的肩上。此时此刻，在她与这个存心恶毒的肥佬之间的激烈交锋中，她的丈夫只当了一名紧张而被动的旁观者。没关系，既然躲不过，就
36、只好去面对它了。要紧的是对各种可能发生的意外变故预作考虑。她突然想出了一个主意。Lesson 9 Mark Twain-Mirror of America1. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.从所有这些形形色色的人身上，马克吐温敏锐地认识了人类，认识了人们的言与行之间的差距。2. Toms mischievous daring, ingenu
37、ity , and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools to-day as is the Declaration of Independence.这部描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像独立宣言一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。3. Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient was missing in the American ambiti
38、on when he said: “What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.“马克吐温认为，美国人的理想中缺少了一种成分。他说：“我们只消偶尔地躺下来好好放松休息一下，保持锋棱利角，我们将有可能成为一个多么朝气蓬勃的民族，一个多么富有思想的民族啊!”4. In The Mysterious Stranger, he insisted that man drop
39、his religious illusions and depend upon himself, not Providence, to make a better world.在神秘的陌生人中，他指出人类应该抛弃宗教幻想，依靠自己而不是上帝的力量去创造一个更加美好的世界。5. “. they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they
40、 have left no sign that they had existed a world which will lament them a day and for-get them forever.”“他们从世界上消失了，在这个世界上他们无足轻重，无所成就；甚至他们的存在本身就是个错误，是个失败，是种愚蠢。这个世界上也没有留下丝毫能表明他们存在过的痕迹。这个世界将只悼念他们一天，随即将他们永久地忘却。”Lesson 10 The Trial That Rocked the World1. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. “Tod
41、ay it is the teachers, “he continued, “and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century when bigots lighted faggots to burn the men who dared
42、 to bring any intelligence and enlightenment and Culture to the human mind. “达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。”2. “The Bible“, he thundered in his sonorous organ tones, “ is not go
43、ing to be driven out of this court by experts who come hundreds of miles to testify that they can reconcile evolution, with its ancestors in the jungle, with man made by God in His image and put here for His purpose as par t of a divine plan.“圣经”, 他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来到这里的
44、目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。”3. The oratorical storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind through the schools and legislative offices of the United States, bringing in its wake a new climate of intelle
45、ctual and academic freedom that has grown with the passing years.由克拉伦斯达罗和达德雷 费尔德 马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。Lesson 12 The Loons1. Piquette Tonnerre, the daughter of Lazarus, was in my class at school. She was older than I, but she had failed several grades, per
46、haps because her attendance had always been sporadic and her interest in schoolwork negligible . Part of the reason she had missed a lot of school was that she had had tuberculosis of the bone, and had once spent many months in hospital. I knew this because my father was the doctor who had looked af
47、ter her. Her sickness was almost the only thing I knew about her, however. Otherwise, she existed for me only as a vaguely embarrassing presence, with her hoarse voice and her clumsy limping walk and her grimy cotton dresses that were always miles too long. I was neither friendly nor unfriendly towa
48、rds her. She dwelt and moved somewhere within my scope of vision, but I did not actually notice her very much until that peculiar summer when I was eleven.拉扎鲁的女儿皮格特坦纳瑞在学校读书时与我同班。她年纪比我大几岁，但由于成绩不好留了几级，这也许怪她经常旷课而且学习劲头不大。她掉课次数多的部分原因是她患有骨节炎，有一次一连住了好几个月的医院。我之所以知道这一情况是因为我父亲正好是为她治过病的医生。不过，我对她的了解几乎只限于她的病情。除此
49、之外，我就只知道她是一个让人一见就觉得不舒服的人：说话时声音沙哑，走起路来踉踉跄跄，身上穿着的棉布衣裙总是脏兮兮的，而且总是长大得极不合体。我对她的态度谈不上友好，也谈不上不友好。她的住处和活动范围都在我的眼前，但直到我十一岁那年的夏季到来之前，我还从来没有太多地注意到她的存在。2. Piquette must have been seventeen then, although she looked about twenty. I stared at her, astounded that anyone could have changed so much. Her face, so stolidand expressionless before, was animated now with a gaiety that was almost violent. She laughed and talked very loudly with the boys around her. Her lipstick was bright carmine, and her hair was cut Short and frizzily permed. She had
