1、第一课 Middle Eastern Bazaar一、 单词1）bazaar n.（某些东方国家的）集市；（英美等国的）义卖2）gothic adj.哥特式建筑的 3）throng n.群，群众；v.成群，拥挤4）tinkle v.（使）发叮当声；n.叮当声5）stall n.货摊6）conceivable adj.想得到的，可想像的，可能的7）din n.喧闹声，喧嚣声8）dizzy adj.头晕目眩的，眩晕的9）penetrate v.刺入，戳入，刺穿，穿透10）muted adj.（声音）减弱的，压低的11）deaden v.减弱（噪声，感觉）12)measured adj.缓慢而有节奏
2、的，慎重的13）sepulchral adj.抑郁严肃的14）guild n.行会，协会15）persecution n. (尤指因宗教、政治信仰等原因而受到)迫害16）trestle n.（搁桌面等的）支架，搁板桌17）preliminary adj.初步的18）picturesque adj.美丽如画的19）impinge v.影响；侵占，侵犯20）distinct adj.可辨别的，有区别的，不同的21）burnish v.擦亮，磨光22）brazier n.火盆23）bellows n.（单复同形）风箱24）intricate adj.错综复杂的25）profusion n.丰富，充沛
3、，大量26）texture n.质地；织质27）pungent adj.有刺激性气味（或味道）的，辣的；（指言语等）辛辣的28）exotic adj.外国的，异国情调的，异常迷人的29）sumptuous adj.华丽的，豪华的30）maze n.迷宫31）caravanserai n.商队旅馆32）disdainful adj.轻视的，蔑视的33）merchandise n.商品，货物34）bale n.大包，大捆（纸，干草或棉花）35）linseed n.亚麻籽36）sombre adj.(颜色)暗淡的；（语气）低沉的；阴沉的37）axle n.轮轴38）revolve v.旋转39）pu
4、lp n.（水果、蔬菜等的）果肉40）muscular adj.肌肉发达的，强壮的41）ramshackle adj.(尤指房屋、车辆)严重失修的；摇摇欲坠的，东倒西歪的42）pulley adj.滑轮，滑车43）vat n.大桶，大缸44）nimbly adv.灵活地，敏捷地45）girder n.（桥梁或大型建筑框架的）大梁46）creak v.（多指木质物体搬动或受力时）嘎吱嘎吱作响47）trickle v.（液体）滴，淌48）ooze v.（液体）渗出，慢慢流出49）runnel n.小河，细流50）glistening adj.闪耀的51）taut adj.拉紧的52）squeak
5、n.短促的尖叫声；嘎吱声53）rumble v.发隆隆声54)grind v.磨碎55)superb adj.极佳的，卓越的，质量极高的二、 短语与表达1）thread ones way：go through the street, people or forests 穿行；小心，缓慢地挤过（不断的改变方向）2）follow suit：do the same thing as someone else has done 仿效；赶潮流，学样3）narrow down：使狭窄；缩小范围4）narrow down their choice：reduce the number of their cho
6、ice 缩小选择范围5）beat the price down：bargain sellers, causing sellers to lower the price 杀价6）penetrate into：pass into or pass through 渗入，通过，穿过7）make a point of：something considered important for ones self-respect 认为是重要的；总是要做某事8）deprive sb. of：prevent sb. from or make sb. lose 使某人不能有，使某人失去，使丧失9）take a han
7、d：help, play a part 帮忙；起一定作用，参加；介入10）fade away：go slowly out of hearing 渐渐听不见了11）the order of the day：means “ programme, style” 议事日程，日常之事12）form closely knit guild：form an association for mutual aid and common interests 互助会，协会13）make you dizzy：make you feel mentally confused 使人头晕14）blend with：mix wi
8、th 混成一片15）impinge on：have an effect on; strike 撞击，冲击16）to ooze：pass gently and slowly through small openings 渗出，冒出，分泌出17）a glimpse of：a quick and imperfect view of 一瞥18）a blind-folded camel：camels eyes being covered with something 被蒙住眼的骆驼19）the sepulchral atmosphere：gloomy atmosphere 阴森森的气氛20）throw
9、ones weight on to (+n./doing)：整个人压上去21）set sth. in motion：开动三、修辞手法1）contract 对照e.g.：You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, dark cavern which extends as far as the eye can see（第一段）2）parallel 排比e.g.：The din of the stall-holders crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porter
10、s clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy(第一段)3）metaphor 隐喻，暗喻e.g.：the heat and glare of a big, open square(第一段)4）hyperbole 夸张e.g.：a tiny restaurant(第七段)5）onomatopoeia 拟声e.g.：tinkling bells(第一段)6）allite
11、ration 头韵e.g.：thread their way among the throngs of people(第一段)7）assonance 尾韵e.g.：squeaking and rumbling of the grinding wheels(第九段)8）antithesis 对偶，对句e.g.：a tiny apprentice blows a big charcoal fire(第五段)第二课 Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan一、单词1）slip v.滑行，滑动2）lump n.（通常为无定形的）块，肿块3）Nippon n.日本4
12、）reportorial adj.记者的，新闻报道的5）scene n.（事件发生的）地点，现场6）preoccupation n.使人全神贯注的事物7）kimono n.和服8）oblivious adj.未察觉的，健忘的9）bob v.使上下（或来回）快速摆动10）ritual adj.典礼的，仪式的；（行为）常规的，例行的；n.仪式11）formula n.惯用词语，套话12）facade n.（房屋的）正面13）pop v.发出爆裂声14）grin v.咧着嘴笑，露齿而笑15）martyr v.杀害；n.殉道者，烈士16）lurch v.突然倾倒17）screech v.发出刺耳尖锐的
13、声音18）halt n.停住，停止，暂停19）intermezzo n.插曲，间奏曲20）gigantic adj.巨大的21）usher n.引座员，招待员；v.引，领22）heave v.发出（叹息，呻吟等）23）sketch v.绘草图24）embankment n.（道路的）路堤， （河流的）岸堤25）barge n.大型游艇26）moor v.停泊27）arresting adj.引人注意的，醒目的28）spectacle n.壮观的场面或景象29）adrift adj.漂泊的，漂流的30）beige adj.米色的，淡棕色的31）incessant adj.不停的，持续不断的32）
14、stunning adj.极吸引人的，极漂亮的33）porcelain n.瓷34）tread v.踩，踏35）matting n.地席，草席36）twinge n.刺痛，剧痛37）bombardment n.炮击，轰炸38）slay v.杀害，谋杀39）linger v.苟延残喘，奄奄一息；徘徊，逗留40）inhibited adj.拘谨的，不自在的41）spinal adj.脊柱的42）agitated adj.不安的，焦虑的；颤抖的43）oyster n.牡蛎44）jolt v.使震惊；使震动，颠簸；n.震惊；颠簸45）reverie n.白日梦，幻想46)heinous adj.极可恶
15、的，凶残的47）confess v.承认；承认，供认（错误或罪行）48）cataclysm n.大灾难49）erect v.建立；adj.竖立的，笔直的50）demolish v.拆毁，推翻51）lens n.镜片52）gay adj.愉快的，快乐的；艳丽的53）formaldehyde n.甲醛54）ether n.醚，乙醚55)stretcher n.担架56）nickel-plated adj.镀镍的57）pajamas n.睡衣裤58）spare v.饶恕，赦免；抽出，让与；节约，节俭 adj.多余的59）humiliate v.羞辱，使丢脸60）scar n.伤痕，伤疤61）enco
16、unter v.偶然碰到，遭遇62）genetic adj.基因的，遗传（学）的63）earthly adj.尘世的，世俗的二、短语与表达1）have a lump in ones throat：a feeling of pressure in ones throat (因感情激动而引起的)哽咽，喉咙哽住2）rub shoulders with：meet and mix with；walk together with 与某人（尤指名人、要人）有来往；同在一起3）flash by：pass swiftly 一闪而过4）sink in：become understood 深获了解，被理解；渗入，陷
17、入5）at the scene of the crime：at the place of the crime 在犯罪现场6）reportorial assignment：report at the place of the crime 在犯罪现场报道7）be oblivious of：be unaware of 不了解，不注意8）bob up and down repeatedly：bow repeatedly 不停地鞠躬9）in slow agony：in mental or physical pain 在极度痛苦中10）pop open：burst with a short、sharp s
18、ound 砰地一声打开11）avoid loss of face：keep away from；keep up dignity 不丢脸，不丢面子12）the rear-view mirror：driving-mirror for see out of the rear window 汽车的后视镜13）in response to：in answer to 对做出反应，响应14）screech to a halt：make a sudden and noisy stop 嘎吱一声刹车15）heave a sigh：utter a sigh with great effort 发出叹息16）lin
19、ger on：last or continue for a long time 长时间持续；徘徊17）kimono and the miniskirt：和服和超短裙（指东西方新旧传统）18）at the prospect of：at the thought of 一想到19）have the same preoccupations：a matter which takes up all ones attention 全神贯注20）by trade：occupation, by way of living 以为生，就职业而言21）at the sight of：一看见就22）set off：出发
20、，动身23）be about to：将要，正打算24）march on：（继续）向前进；向推进25）consist of：由组成，由构成三、修辞手法1）simile 明喻e.g.：Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down repeatedly in little bows(第二段)2）hyperbole 夸张e.g.：and I was again crushed by the thought that I
21、 now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment(第九段)3）sarcasm 讽刺e.g.：Hiroshima-the “Liveliest” City in Japan(题目)If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan(第二十七段)4）alliteration 头韵e.g.：as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima S
22、tation(第一段)and ever since then they have been testing and treating me(第三十一段)5）anti-climax 突降法e.g.：and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its-oysters(第十七段)修辞手法小结Figures of Speech(修辞法)1、contrast 对照2、parallelism 排比3、metaphor 隐喻，暗喻4、hyperbole 夸张5、onom
23、atopoeia 拟声法6、alliteration 头韵7、assonance 尾韵8、antithesis 对偶，对句一、simile 明喻以两种具有相同特征的事物或现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。常用如 、 像 、 似 、 好像 、 像似的 、 如同 、好比等比喻词。like、as、asas1) They all rose as one man.2) Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.3) She is like a grandmother to all.4）as busy as a bee；as timi
24、d as a mouse；as strong as an ox；as cunning as an fox；as proud as peacock二、metaphor 暗喻，隐喻用是 、 成 、 就是 、 成为 、 变为等词把 A 事物直接比拟成和它有相似关系的 B 事物。A、B 两事物的联系或共同点是暗含的。1）The society is his college.2) When the curtain fell, there was a storm of applause.三、metonymy 换喻,转喻，借代借用一事物或事物名称代替跟它有关系的另一事物（一）用具体的事物代表人或物1）to
25、be promoted to the bench(白宫)2）from the cradle to the grave(从生到死)3）the Pentagon has not made clear its decision of the premier(五角大楼：美国政府)（二）用工具或器官代替本体1）The pen has more influence than sword(pen：政治；sword：战争、武器)2）Each head would be paid for ten yuan(head：人)（三）用容器的名称代替所盛的东西1）They serve Chinese dishes(di
26、shes：菜)2) The baby was brought up on the bottle(bottle：奶)（四）用作者的名字代替作品1）I have never read Homer(Homer：荷马史诗)2）Do you like Schubert(Schubert:苏伯特音乐作品)（五）用地方名称代替1）the White House 白宫：美国政府，总统居住地2）Fleet Street 舰队街：伦敦报业发源地3）Wall Street 华尔街:金融4）Hollywood 好莱坞:电影（六）用人名代替地方或人1）Uncle Sam 美国（政府）2）Ivan 俄罗斯人3）John
27、doe 美国普通市民（七）用动物代替地方1）the bear 前苏联，苏联政府2）British Lion 英国，英国政府（八）用具体事物代替职业1）the bar 合法职业He has been called to the bar 他有了合法职业2）the veil 尼姑，修女3）the press 新闻（界） ，新闻记者，通讯社四、synecdoche 提喻，举偶法借 事 物 本 身 所 呈 现 的 各 种 对 应 现 象 来 表 现 该 事 物 （ 借 助 于 部 分 相 似 ）（一）用局部代整体1）They were short of hands at this work2）Many
28、hands make light work3）They came to live under the same roof（二）用整体代局部1）She was dressed in silks and satins2）Cotton suits you, I think（三）用个体代一类She is another Madam Curie（四）用材料代事物五、hyperbole 夸张为了启发听者或读者的想象力和加强所说的话的力量，用夸大的词句来形容事物。（一）形象夸张His eloquence would split rocks（二）加强悲哀、怜悯、愤怒等感情1）Thanks a million2
29、) She is the prettiest girl in the world3) He almost died laughing（三）拔高到神奇状态Discover the worlds finest taste in cigarettes六、antithesis 对偶，对句两 个 字 数 相 等 、 结 构 相 似 的 语 句 表 现 相 关 或 相 反 的 意 思 或 用 两 个 对 称 语 句 加强 语 言 效 果1）Speech is silver, silence is golden2) Now that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more七、拟声to hiss；to coo；to grunt八、parallelism 排比用一连串类容相关、结构类似的句子成分或句子来表示强调和一层层的深入The houses look like houses；the streets look like streets；the people look and talk like people；but they are empty of humanity, credibility and motivation
