1、九、非谓语动词 （一）动词不定式 熟读深思 思考下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分，并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。 1.He seemed to be sleeping.他好像在睡觉。 2.There are all kinds of difficulties to be overcome.有各种各样的困难要克服。 3.Id like to make a suggestion.我想提一个建议。,4.It is of great benefit for all of us to do morning exercises every day.每天做早操对我们大家都有益。 5.He feels it
2、a duty to help the disabled in the community.他感到有义务帮助社会中的残疾人。 6.I want this letter to be opened now!我想现在就将信拆开！ 7.Mary often goes back to her hometown to visit her grandparents.玛丽常常回家乡看望她的祖父祖母。 8.I often hear her sing in English.(比较：She is often heard to sing in English.)我经常听到她用英语唱歌。,归纳总结 一、不定式的时态 1.
3、不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。 2.不定式的进行时表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 3.不定式的完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。,二、不定式的语态 1.不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，常用不定式的主动形式；不定式和它修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式用主动形式；不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式用主动形式。 2.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般用不定式的被动语态。,三、不定式符号to省略的若干场合 1.感官动词see,h
4、ear,notice,watch,observe,feel,look at,listen to和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾补时，必须省略不定式符号to；但在被动语态中则须加上to （let除外）。 2.在介词but,except等表示“除了”之意的词前，若有实义动词do，介词后作宾语的不定式常省略to；若无do，则to不能省略。,3.两个或两个以上的不定式由连词and,or或but连接时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略to；但如果表示强调对比之意，则不省略。 4.含有do的名词性从句作句子的主语，或者是“all+定语从句”作主语时，其后作表语的不定式可以带to，也可以不带t
5、o；充当其他成分时，不定式要带to。,（二）动词的-ing形式 熟读深思 熟读下列句子，注意画线部分的不同形式，并思考： 动词-ing有哪几种构成形式？ 动词-ing在句中可作哪些句子成分？ 动词-ing形式还像谓语动词一样可以带宾语或状语吗？ 1.Learning is important to modern life.学习对现代生活很重要。 2.The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令人困惑。,3.I suggest doing it in a different way.我建议用另一种方法做这件事。 4.The TV set needs repairing
6、.这台电视机需要修理。 5.I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team.我听说他被选为球队的教练。 6.The question being discussed is very important.正在讨论的问题很重要。 7.They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.他们有说有笑地走出教室。,8.Having been shown around the lab,we were taken to see the school library.在被带去看了实
7、验室之后，我们又被带去参观校图书馆。 9.I felt my heart beating violently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。 10.His not coming made everyone present very disappointed.他没来，使在场的每个人都很失望。 11.Not having studied his lessons very hard,he failed the examinations.因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。,归纳总结 1.动名词的复合结构名词所有格或形容词性物主代词后加动名词，构成动名词的复合结构。名词所有格或物主代词即为动名词的逻辑主语
8、，动名词复合结构常在句中作主语或宾语。I dont like Toms (Tom) smoking in the office.我不喜欢汤姆在办公室吸烟。His coming late for class made the teacher very angry.他上课迟到，使得老师很生气。,2.只接动名词或不定式作宾语的动词（1）下列动词只接不定式作宾语：afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,want,believe,wish,offer,pretend,promise,care,choose,demand,fail,l
9、ong,arrange等。（2）下列动词（短语）常接动名词作宾语：advise,admit,appreciate,avoid,cant help,consider,delay,excuse,enjoy,escape,finish,imagine,keep (on),mind,practise,suggest,understand,miss,give up,insist on,think of,dream of,hear of,depend on,feel like,devote.to,get used to,cant stand,look forward to,have difficulty
10、in,be fond of,be proud of,object to,set about,thank for,put off等。（3）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语，意义区别不大。如begin,continue,like,love,prefer,start,hate等。,（4）下列动词可用动名词，也可用不定式作宾语，但意义明显有别：to do sth.忘记去做某事（未做）doing sth.忘记做过某事（已做）to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾（未做）doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔（已做）to do sth.尽力去做某事doing sth.试着做某事,forget,re
11、gret,try,to do sth.做完一件事，继续做另一件事doing sth.继续做原来做的那件事to do sth.记着去做某事（未做）doing sth.记着做了某事（已做）to do sth.打算做某事doing sth.意味着做某事,go on,remember,mean,（5）作“需要”讲的need,want,require可接动 名词也可接不定式作宾语，其意义没有区别，但接动名词时用主动形式，接不定式时用被动形式。My computer needs repairing/to be repaired.我的电脑需要维修。,3.现在分词现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作:（1）定语:
12、单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前,现在分词短语作定语应放在被修饰的名词后,现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均可以发展成为一个定语从句。（2）状语:现在分词作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随，现在分词作状语可分为:一般式(doing),表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生;完成式(having done),表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。,（3）宾语补足语:现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作,用于此结构的动词有感官动词see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,feel,observe,look at,listen to等;使役动词 have,get和
13、其他动词 catch,leave,set,send,keep等。Dont leave him waiting outside in the rain.别让他在外面雨里等着。,（4）表语:现在分词作表语,表示主语的特点,可以看作形容词,是形容词化的现在分词。常用作表语的现在分词有:interesting,amusing,disappointing,missing,puzzling,exciting,inspiring,encouraging等。（5）独立结构:现在分词短语作独立结构时,是固定说法,不以主动、被动去分析。常见的有:generally speaking,judging from/by
14、,considering,speaking of 等。Generally speaking,he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.一般来说，他打乒乓球很有技巧。,（三）动词的-ed形式 熟读深思 熟读下列句子，思考动词-ed形式的用法。 1.Hearing the news,he looked disappointed.听到这个消息，他看起来很失望。 2.The boss felt satisfied with her performance.老板对她的表现很满意。 3.All the broken desks(=All the desks
15、that were broken) have been repaired.所有坏了的桌子都已修好了。,4.We have read many novels written(=which were written) by this author.我们已读了这个作者写的很多部小说。 5.Confused(=As he was confused) by the problem,he decided to turn to his teacher for help.对这个问题感到困惑，他决定向老师求助。 6.Seen(=When it is seen) from above,the stadium lo
16、oks like a bird nest.从高处看，体育馆好像一个鸟巢。 7.I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。 8.Peter got his bad tooth pulled out in the hospital.皮特在医院把坏牙拔了。,归纳总结 过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作: 1.定语:单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前,过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的名词后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以发展为一个定语从句。The broken window(=The window which was broken)will
17、be replaced soon.坏窗户将很快被换上。,2.状语:过去分词短语作状语可分为:一般式(done):表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前;完成式(having been done):强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。Scolded by the teacher,the girl sat there without lifting her head.(原因)被老师训斥后，那女孩坐在那里低着头。 3.宾语补足语:过去分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与补足语存在被动关系,用于此结构的动词有感官动词 see,hear,feel,notice,find,watch,feel,ob
18、serve,look at,listen to等;使役动词 have,get,make,let和其他动词 catch,leave,want,wish,like等。She was glad to see her children well taken care of in the nursery.看到她的孩子在托儿所被照顾的很好，她很高兴。,4.表语:过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词,是形容词化的过去分词。常用在句中作表语的过去分词有:used,closed,covered,interested,followed,satisfied
19、,surrounded,done,lost,decided,prepared,saved,shut,won,completed,crowded,dressed,wasted,broken,married,unexpected等。系动词有be,feel,get,remain,stay等。,试题精选 1. as the“first lady of speech”，Dr.Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the worlds leading experts on communication skills.A.Knowing B.Having knownC.K
20、nown D.To be known解析 该题考查过去分词在句中用作原因状语。根据句意及句子结构可知,句子的主语Dr.Lillian Glass实际上就是选项动词的主语, 相当于As she is known as.引导的原因状语从句,为被动结构,故选过去分词known。,C,2.Why do you look sad？There are so many problems .A.remaining to settleB.remained settlingC.remaining to be settledD.remained to be settled解析 remain 在There be 结构
21、中用作后置定语,由于remain是不及物动词,故应用现在分词 remaining,相当于定语从句that remains;动词settle置于remain之后,应用动词不定式的被动结构来表示动作还未完成。,C,3.At the end of 2006,there were around 7,000 foreign printing companies in China, up around 4 percent of the national total.A.made B.to makeC.making D.having made解析 该句考查分词在句中用作结果状语。 make up为及物动词短
22、语,在前一分句动作之后发生,根据句意,表示主动,故应选making用作结果状语,相当于并列句and it made或定语从句which made句型结构。,C,4.The English exam is not difficult,is it？ .Even Tom to the top students failed in it.A.Yes;belongs B.No;belongedC.Yes;belonging D.No;belonging解析 根据答句句意“甚至最好的学生汤姆考试也失败了”可知,第一空应选Yes,(it is)意为“不,英语考试很难”;第二空选项动词belong与to构成不
23、及物动词短语,在句中用作定语,故应选现在分词belonging,相当于定语从句who belongs to.,注意句子的主干为Even Tom failed in it。,C,5.We didnt find the Blacks the lecture.No one had told them about a lecture the following day.A.to attend;there to beB.attending;there beingC.attended;there beD.attend;there was解析 第一空动词attend为及物动词,表主动,根据感官动词find所
24、跟复合结构,不可使用to attend,过去分词attended表被动,意义也不成立,可选用attending或attend,但根据句意,此处强调状态,故attending现在分词为最佳选项;第二空介词about后应使用动名词形式there being。,B,6.Only according to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.A.taking B.takenC.being taken D.having been taken解析 根据句意可知,选项动词的逻辑主语the medicine与动词take之间为被动关系,实际上相
25、当于一个时间状语从句Only when it is taken.结构,故应选taken在句中作状语。,B,7.Is there any possibility of the film in Paris International Festival？Not in the least,because the audience generally think little of it.A.trying out B.tried outC.to try out D.being tried out解析 选项动词短语在句中用作介词of的宾语,应使用动名词形式,根据句意可知,介词of后的名词the film为
26、动名词复合结构try out的逻辑主语,且为被动关系,故应选用动名词的被动结构。,D,8.Hi,Mary.Would you like to go to the concert this evening？Sorry,Tom. tomorrows lessons,I have no time to go out with you.A.Not preparing B.Not having preparedC.Not to prepareD.Being not prepared,解析 根据句意可知,选项动词为原因状语,表主 动,强调动作的完成性,相当于一个原因状语从句: As I havent pr
27、epared tomorrows lessons .故应选B项。选项A为现在分词,不表示完成的 意思;选项C为不定式的否定结构表目的;选项D为 被动结构,not应置于分词being前面,均不符合句 意。 答案 B,9.Every student in our class had an application form in his hand,but no one knew which office .A.to send it to B.to send itC.to be sent to D.to have it sent解析 根据句意及句子结构可知,选项部分不定式与疑问词构成不定式短语一起作动
28、词knew的宾语。在这一结构中,常用不定式的主动结构,可以转换为宾语从句:but no one knew which office he would send it to。注意send sth.to sb./sp.为固定短语,to为介词,不能省略。,A,10.ONeal works hard.So he does.He is often seen heavily before his teammates have even arrived at practice.A.to be sweated B.sweatedC.be sweated D.sweating解析 根据句子结构可知,视觉动词se
29、e用于被动结构,选项A、C不可以用于这一结构中;选项B为被动意义,不成立;只有选项D(sweating)现在分词作主语补足语,强调状态。,D,11.How did you get in touch with Mrs.Green？Well,it seems to me that youve forgotten me her telephone number the other day.A.to tell B.to have toldC.telling D.being told解析 根据问话人的句意可知,“已与Mrs.Green取得联系”了。故回答部分说明“已经忘记了告诉电话号码这件事”,应该使用
30、forget doing sth./having done sth.“某事已做,但忘了”；forget to do sth.意为“忘记了要去做的事情”,强调动作还未发生。,C,12.At the age of 29,Dave was a worker, in a small apartment near Boston and what to do about his future.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered解析 考查分词的用法。句意为:29岁的大卫,是一个工人,住在波士顿附近的一间小公
31、寓里,他对于未来很迷茫。现在分词作定语修饰a worker,and 为并列连词,连接相同的成分。,A,13.The Chinese ship, Tianyu 8, was reported off the east coast of Kenya in November, 2008.A.to be attackedB.to have been attackedC.to be attackingD.to have been attacking解析 考查不定式的用法和语态。根据题干内容可知，这里说的是已经发生过的事情，由此可以排除A、C两项；另外，船只是被攻击的，故应该用不定式的完成式的被动语态，因
32、此B项正确。,B,14.I hear theyve promoted Tom,but he didnt mention when we talked on the phone.A.to promoteB.having been promotedC.having promotedD.to be promoted解析 句意为:我听说他们提拔了汤姆,但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及此事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语,此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示“被提拔”的动作在mention前发生。,B,15.It is one of the funniest things on the Internet
33、 so far this year.A.finding B.being foundC.to find D.found解析 found此处为过去分词作后置定语,用来修饰things,与things构成被动关系。句意为:这是今年到目前为止在网络上发现的最滑稽的事情之一。,D,16.There is a new problem in the popularity of private cars road conditions need to be improved.A.involving;thatB.involved;thatC.involved;whereD.involving;which解析 第
34、一个空考查be involved in短语,第 二个空为同位语从句。,B,17.After the six-party talk in Beijing,an agreement was reached that North Korea would abandon nuclear weapons.A.stating;to developB.stating;developingC.to state;to developD.states;developing解析 agreement和动词state之间为主动关系;abandon后接动名词。,B,18.On August 12,2009 Typhoon
35、 Morakot swept across Taiwan island, a lot of villages .A.left;damagedB.leaving;damagingC.leaving;damagedD.left;damaging解析 分词短语leaving作结果状语,villages和damage之间为被动关系。,C,19.In face of the fire,he hesitated for a while, whether he should rush into the burning house.A.to think B.thoughtC.thinking D.and th
36、ought解析 现在分词短语thinking.作伴随状语。,C,20.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone,but she didnt like it and moved back home.A.living B.to liveC.to be living D.having lived解析 句意为:苏珊不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活,但又不喜欢这样,就又搬回家去了。try doing sth.试着做某事;try to do sth.尽力去做某事。,A,21.He stood in line the whole
37、 morning to buy tickets for the train, only they had been sold out when his turn finally came.A.told B.being toldC.telling D.to be told解析 考查非谓语动词。此处考查不定式短语作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，tell 与逻辑主语构成被动关系，意思是“被告知”,故用被动形式，答案为D。,D,22.We finished the run in less than half the time .A.allowing B.to allowC.allowed D.allows解析 句意为:我们用了不到被允许的时间的一半就跑完了。time后缺少定语,“时间”与“允许”之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词形式。,C,23.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest in a year.A.follows B.followedC.to follow D.being followed解析 考查非谓语动词。从题中in a year这一时间状语暗示将来,可知A、B两项错误;the rest与follow之间是主谓关系,故D项错误。不定式表示将要发生的事情,故C项正确。,C,返回,
