1、Unit 1 Good Friends一、语法Direct and Indirect Speech(1)直接引语和间接引语1.直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。eg: “I broke your CD player.“(一般过去时改成过去完成时)He told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said,“I have lost a book.“(现在完成时改成过去完成时)Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said,“Ill go to see a friend.“(一般将来时改成过去将来时)Mum sai
2、d she would go to see a friend.He said,“We hadnt finished our homework.“(过去完成时保留原有的时态 )He said they hadnt finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。2.在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said,“My brother is an engineer.“Mary said her brother was and engineer.3.直接引语如果是反
3、意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由 whether或 if 引导的宾语从句。如：He said,“Can you run, Mike?“He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg 等) sb (not) to do sth”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.“said he.He asked him to pass her the water.5.直接引语如果是以“Lets” 开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名
4、词或从句”的结构。如：She said,“Lets go to the cinema.“She suggested going to the cinema.(或 She suggested that they should go to the cinema.)二、聚焦高频考点1.倒装句型：前句为肯定句，后句用 so+谓语+主语，意为“某人也”。如：She likes dogs. So do I.前句为否定句，后句用 neither/nor+谓语+主语，意为“某人也不”。如：The girl has no brothers or sisters. Neither/Nor have I.2.lon
5、ely, alone 和 lonealone=by oneself, without otherslonely=unhappy because one is always away from his family or friends，“孤独地”“寂寞的”，暗示主观上的 “孤独”“ 寂寞”，渴望有伴。也可以表示“地方的荒凉”。lone 也有“孤独的，孤零零的一个 ”，作定语。eg: Im alone but Im not lonely.I can see only one lone star in the cloudy sky.leave sth alone 表示“不去理会，不要去管某事”。如
6、：Leave me alone!别理我!Let alone“更不用说”。如：He cant speak Japanese, let alone write it.作形容词时，alone 不能与 very 连用, 而与 much 连用，即说 much alone 或 very much alone 或 all alone；而 lonely 可与 very 连用： very lonely.3.treat sb. as .把某人当作来对待The old man treated the orphan as his own son.“把某人看作”有以下几种说法：regard sb as .=consid
7、er sb as .=think of sb as .“把误当作 ”: take . for .如：People sometimes take a rope for a snake.4.care about 表示“关心，计较，在乎 ”，一般用于否定句。如：I dont care about going to the cinema.care for 表示“关心，照料，喜欢”，如：She cared more for new clothes than for anything else.5.make friends with sb.和人交朋友。如：We have made a lot of fri
8、ends with the different people all over the world.6.hunt for“竭力寻找”，在很多情况下， look for 与 search for 或 hunt for 互换。如：I hunted for the missing book everywhere.be after 表示“搜寻”“寻找”的状态，不指具体的动作。如：Thats what I am after.7.such as 用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子，有时可与 like 互换，但 such as 用于列举时可分开使用。而 for example 一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为
9、例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首句中或句末。My brother likes collecting different kinds of things, such as coins, books.三、常用词语和句型1.be into sth.对感兴趣，非常喜欢(非正式英语)eg: Im not into classical music.2.be fond of 酷爱，非常喜欢，与 enjoy 相近，比 like 感情强。eg: In his life, he is fond of English.3.boring 主语为物，如：The book is boring.bored 主语为人，如
10、：He is bored.4.survive 幸存；活下来；残存；继续存在。He survived the traffic accident.Only three hundred houses survived the earthquake in that city.survive 作不及物动词，表示“残存；留传”的意思。The custom still survives in that small village.四、日常交际用语Hi there. Im Joe.I enjoy singing.I hate hiking and Im not into classical music.Im
11、fond of dancing.Im (not) sure that .Perhaps .He/She thinks that . is boring/terrible.Unit 2 English around the world一、语法Direct and Indirect Speech(2)不定式在间接引语中的运用祈使句变为间接引语时要将祈使句中的动词原形改为不定式，并在不定式前加上动词ask/tell/order 等；若直接引语中的祈使句表示的是命令的口气，间接引语用 tell/order; 若祈使句是否定式，则在不定式前加否定词 not, 即 tell/order sb. not t
12、o do sth.如：“Dont smoke in the room,“he said.He told me not to smoke in the room.若直接引语中表示的是请求的口气，间接引语用 ask，如：“Please give the bird clean water every day.“My friend said.My friend asked me to give the bird clean water every day.“Could you help me with my homework?“she said.She asked me to help her wit
13、h her homework.当直接引语是疑问句时，在转变为间接引语时，应运用疑问词+不定式，在句中作宾语。如：“When shall we start?“he asked.He wanted to know when to start.二、聚焦高频考点1.a great/good many+可数名词的复数形式，如：There are a great many Indian words in American English.a number of+可数名词的复数形式，如：A number of teachers and students take an active part in the
14、match.the number of 中的 number 指“总数量”，与复数名词连用，谓语动词用单数。如：The number of the Doctor and Masters in this primary school is only 20.2.except for, except, besides, but, but for 用法区别except for 用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象不属同类。eg: The essay is generally good except for some spelling mistakes.but for=without 表示“要不是”。一般放
15、在句首，表达语气是虚拟的，主句也用虚拟。如：But for the Party, we would never get a good life.except 和 besides 用于肯定句时， except 表示“除之外（不再有）”强调除去部分；besides 表示“除 之外（还有） ”强调还包括的部分。如：We all went hiking except Jack.(Jack 不去)We all went hiking besides Jack.(Jack 也去)except, besides, but 用于否定句时可互换，如：Nobody could get the certificat
16、ion except/besides/but you.谓语是 do 时，except/but 后的不定式省去 to. 如：He did nothing but/except stay at home all day.But 前没有 do 时，but 后不定式要带 to，如：We have no choice but to wait.3.定语从句中关系代词只能用 that 的情况1)先行词是 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等。如：That is all that I want to tell you.2)先行词被 all
17、, few, any, every, little, no, some 修饰时。如：I have finished every book (that) my teacher lent me.3)被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，如：The second lesson that she learned will never be forgotten.4)先行词被 only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时，如：He is the only one that I want to see.5)先行词既有人又有物时，如：We were talking of things
18、and persons that we remembered in the liberated area.4.as 作关系代词或关系副词引导定语从句时，as 可作主语，表语，这个定语从句说明或代表整个主句，并可以放在主句之前。如：As we all know, English is spoken all around the world.(as 作宾语)As is known to all, there is no ghost in the world.(as 作主语)5.助动词 do 使用不同的时态替代前文提到过的某一动词词组以避免重复。如：In the same way Americans
19、 use the expression “I guess“ just as the British did (这里的 did 替代前面的 used the expression “I guess”) 30 years ago.6.主语 +have+(no, little, some, much, great, .) difficulty/trouble in doing sth.做某事有困难/麻烦。如：I have no difficulty in getting a job.三、常用词语和句型1.More or less 多少；有点儿；或多或少有几分eg: I hope he can giv
20、e you more or less help.The child is more or less tired.2.mean(meant, meant) 意味；打算；意欲Im sorry, I didnt mean to.(我不是故意的)mean to do 打算做He meant to have lunch here.mean sb to do 打算做I mean you to have dinner with me tonight.mean (doing) sth 打算做To him, doing nothing means giving municate with sb.与人沟通，通信。
21、My friend often communicates with a foreigner by municate sth. to sb.把通知/ 告诉某人I like communicating my plans to him.4.knowledge 知识；认知；消息；knowledge of“了解”My knowledge of Japanese is so poor.My cousin has a good knowledge of physics.5.all around the world=all over/throughout the world四、日常交际用语Can you sp
22、ell that, please?I beg your pardon?Could you repeat, please?How do you say . in English?What do you mean by .?How do you pronounce .?Could you speak a bit slowly, please?What does . mena?Unit 3 Going places一、语法The Present Continuous Tense for Future Actions1.现在进行时表示一般现在时现在进行时有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态
23、，为了表示一种情感：eg: He is always helping others.(表示赞许的情感)She is always lying to me.(表示不满的情感)或是为了强调情况的暂时性。eg: Im walking to school because my bike is broken.For these three days, we are starting at 8:00.2.现在进行时可用来表示将来时, 现在进行时表示将来时，即表示按计划或安排在最近将要进行的动作。特别是一些表示“移动性”的动词，如：go, come, arrive, leave, start, fly, g
24、et 等，常用进行时表示将来时。如：My mother is leaving for Canada tomorrow.How long are you staying in Guangzhou?二、聚焦高频考点1.consider doing sth.=think of doing sth.“考虑做某事”，如：Im considering going abroad for further study.consider carefully before taking action 三思而后行consider . (as), regard . as ., treat . as .都含“认为是” 意
25、思。consider 侧重 “经过考虑而认为”，表示“一种比较客观的看法”, 如：consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我认为他说的有道理。regard 指“把 认为”,“把看作”，表示“以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识 ”，如：He was regarded as the foremost authority on chemistry. 他被认为是化学最高权威。treat 表示“在某种认识的基础上看待或对待”，重在行动，而不在认识，如：They will not be treated as enemies.他们不会被当做敌人对待。2.means=wa
26、y，方式，方法。by means of 通过；用；借助于，强调方式，方法。如：Nowadays the Internet is an important means of communication.今天网络是信息交流的重要工具。The local army men helped the victims of the earthquake by every means at their command.当地的军人用一切可能办法帮助地震灾民。He climbed the tree by means of a ladder.他用梯子爬上了树。常用短语：by all means 一定；务必by an
27、y means 用一切可能的方法或手段by no means 决不，一点也不by this means 用这种方法3.equipment 装备；设备；必需品office equipment 办公室设备Our school has been given some new equipment.我们学校有了一些赠送的新设备。A good sleeping bag is an essential part of every campers equipment.一个完好的睡袋是每个露宿者必不可少的装备。4.on one hand 一方面；on the other hand 另一方面,如：I want t
28、o go to the party, but on the other hand I ought to be studying.我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。5.get away from .从逃离，脱离，离开。如：He hoped he could get away from the meeting.get away with .(不可用被动语态)潜逃，逍遥法外。Dont expect you can get away with the accident.6.prefer 与 to 搭配，表示“like sth. better than sth.”如：I prefer
29、coffee to tea.Which of these two films do you prefer?prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(这里的动词用动名词形式) 表示相对于后一动作，更喜欢做前一个动作。I prefer cycling to walking.prefer to do . rather than do 宁愿 而不愿prefer to die rather than surrenderprefer to do .喜欢做某事，用于只列举一个动作时。She prefers to be alone.7.why not .?=why dont you .?
30、Why not go rafting with us?=Why dont you go rafting with us?8.at the same time 同时at times=sometimes 有时at all times=always 随时，无论什么时候at one time=once 从前，曾经at a time 一次，每次at no time 决不，任何时候都不9.unless：“除非”，“如果不”Youll fail in the exam unless you study hard.= If you dont work hard, youll fail in the exam.
31、三、常用词语和句型1.try doing sth.试着做某事eg: I tried doing all the things myself.try to do sth.努力/尽力做某事(但未成功)eg: The doctor tried to persuade his patient to stop smoking, but failed.2.experience(n.)经验(不可数名词 )；经历；阅历(可数名词)eg: I dont think he has enough experience for the job.experience(n.)经验；体验；感受eg: Many people
32、 like traveling to experience life in other countries.experienced(adj.)有经验的，熟练的eg: Miss Liu is an experienced English teacher.3.be popular with .如：This dance is popular with young people.这种舞很受青年人喜爱。4.instead(adv.)代替instead of=in place of 后跟名词，代词，动名词或介词短语5.protect . from .保护免受 如：Dont worry. He will p
33、rotect you from being hurt.6.have to 意为 “不得不，必须 ”，强调客观上的必要；must 则侧重于主观上的必要。7.see sb. off 给某人送行8.separate(adj.)分离的，分开的；单独的。eg: Cut the apple into three separate parts.My sister and I sleep in separate beds.separate(v.)使分离，使分开。eg: Separate the good ones from the bad.separate sth. (up) into . 分开( 几分)，分
34、割成( 几段)The farmer separated the land (up) into small fields.9.watch out for sth. 注意，警惕eg: Watch out! The bus is coming.You must watch out for the cars when you cross the car.四、日常交际用语Have a nice time in Guangzhou!Say “Hi“ to Bob for me.Have a good trip.Unit 4 Unforgettable experiences一、语法The Attribut
35、ive Clause(1)复习关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1.who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词。eg: Is he the man who/that wants to see you?(who/that 在从句中主语)He is the man whom/that I met yesterday.(who/that 在从句中宾语)2.Whose 用来指人或物， (只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换) 如：Please pass me the book whose cover
36、is blue.3.which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可 作主语，宾语等。如：The book (which/that) my teacher lent me is very interesting.二、聚焦高频考点1.be(get) married 表示婚姻状态。如：They are married.She got married to a doctor.如果要表示结婚的时间，可用表示行为动作的连系动词 get。When did he get married?He got married in 1997.如果是父母作主，把女儿“嫁”出去，也用 marry，如：
37、She married all her daughters.She married her daughters to a farmer.2.occur, happen, take place 都含“发生”的意思。happen 为常用词语, 指“一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生”，如：The accident happened yesterday.事故发生在昨天。happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物) 身上occur 属正式用语 , 指“按计划使某事或效果发生”，通常所指的时间和事件都比较确定，在以具体事物,事件作主语时，可与 happen 互换，如：These
38、 events occurred in 1909.这些事件发生于 1909 年。occur to sb./sth.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的知觉中 ”，如：Didnt it occur to you to phone him about it?take place 指“发生事先计划或预想到的事物”，如：The meeting took place at 8:00 as planned.按计划会议在八点举行了。3.be on fire 着火，表状态。如：Look out! The pan is on fire.catch fire 表动作eg: The house caught fire las
39、t night.on the fire 指的是炉火eg: The pan was on the fire.4.现在分词作状语表示伴随情况。句中有两个以上的动作，除主要动作用谓语动词表示外，另一个伴随动作均可用现在分词来表达。如：The next moment the first wave swept her down, swallowing the garden.Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too.I sat at the ga
40、te, waiting for my mum.三、常用词语和句型1.remember to do sth. 记着做还没做过的事情。eg: Shell remember to send the letter for you.2.remember doing sth.对做过的事情还记得。eg: I remember having met you before.remember sb. to .代问好/问候。如：Remember me to your parents.3.used to“表示过去常常做”该动作不是没有反复性。注意 used to 的否定式和疑问句：I used not to like
41、 classical music.(此时 used to 作情态动词)I didnt use to like classical music.Used you to like opera?(此时 used to 作情态动词)Did you use to like opera?四、日常交际用语Help!Im afraid to .Im afraid.It scares me.Dont worry.Dont be afraid.Itll be OK/all right.Its all right!Well done.You can do it!Come on!Thats better./Keep
42、trying.Unit 5 The silver screen一、语法The Attributive Clause(2)复习由介词和关系代词共同引导的定语从句以及由关系副词 where, when, why 引导的定语从句。“介词+ 关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。这个结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to, at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom 或 which,不可用 that，且介词后面的关系词不能省略。另外某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词” 结构可以同关系副词 wh
43、en 和 where 互换。eg: This is the house in which my mum and I used to live.This is the house where (that) my mum and I used to live.Ill remember the days in which you stayed with me.Ill remember the days when (that) you stayed with me.Is this the reason why (that) she was late?Is this the reason for whi
44、ch she was late?二、聚焦高频考点1.play an (important) role in=play an (important) part in 在起(重要)作用，担任( 重要)角色。如：China is playing an important part in international trading.Keanu Reeves played an important role in Speed.2.owe 表示“负债”，如：Dont forget you still owe me 5000 RMB!owe . to“感激；把 归功于”The director owed h
45、is success to his family.3.afford 买得起eg: He can afford an apartment.他能买得起一套住房。afford 经受得住；承担得起eg: Can you afford $12000 for .?你花得起 12000 美元买吗？I cant afford three weeks away from work.我无法丢下工作三星期。afford 提供；给予eg: The transaction afforded him a good profit.这笔买卖使他赚了一大笔。eg: He told me that the firm could
46、not afford to pay such large salaries.他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。4.fail to do sth.不能, 不( 做), 忘记；疏忽eg: He failed to come.他不能来。She failed to pass the exam.她考试不及格。5.think highly of=sing high praise for 高度评价，称赞某人/某物eg: All the people think highly of her good deeds.The teacher sang highly of the little boy.6.make
47、 comments on/upon 评论某事eg: We are asked to make comments on the film.三、常用词语和句型1.become adult=grow up 成长，成人eg: What are you going to do when you grow up?grown-up(adj.)成年的eg: She has two grown-up sons.2.be famous for 以而闻名eg: This town is famous for its beautiful buildings.这个城镇以它那漂亮的建筑而出名。be famous as 作
48、为而闻名eg: Keanu Reeves is famous as an actor.3.cause(vt.)引起，使发生cause sb. to do sth.eg: Im sorry I have caused you so much trouble.Your words caused him to change his mind.4.cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事eg: I couldnt help laughing at his joke.5.take ones place“就座”；“代替某人的工作”eg: After we took our place, th
49、e meeting began.The headmaster asked for a leave and I had to take his place.四、日常交际用语You studied /worked /acted at different .First, and then .What did you do next?Finally you found a job as .Later on .What made you decide to .?What roles did you act?What do you think of the film?How long have you been working as .?Unit6 Good manners一、GrammarThe Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制
