1、第三讲 代词、数词用法,代词的分类人称代词、物主代词、自身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词,人称代词的用法 学生阅读教材3-4时间,归纳人称代词用法 老师指出较容易犯错的地方。主格人称代词: I,he,she,it,you 宾格人称代词: me,him,her,it,you 复数形式: we, you, they; us, you, them 英语里用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等,表示亲切和爱抚。 It有时候用来代替小孩和婴儿。,物主代词老师提示物主代词需要特别注意的内容。名词性物主代词:mine,his,hers,its,yours 形容词性物主代词:m
2、y,his,her,its,your 代词的句法功能 形容词性物主代词的用法,一定要接名词在其后。their country, your home.,自身代词 学生阅读,老师提示及个重要的自身代词用法现象。by oneself 单独地,靠自己 in oneself 在本性上 of oneself 自然地,自己地,指示代词学生阅读,老师提示及个重要的自身代词用法现象。That 和those指前面讲到过的事物(事情或事实),this和these则指下面将要讲的事物。 为了避免重复,常用that或those代替已经提到过的名词,分别表单数和复数。,不定代词 按要求分部分地阅读并进行归纳总结,老师总述
3、用法。(1)学生阅读some跟 any的用法介绍,让学生总结用法及二者的区别。Some代替名词单数、复数,修饰名词单数、复数;用在肯定句中;表示请求或邀请的时候,用在问句中。还可以用作状语,意思是大约。 Some are bus drivers, I have read that in some magazine. I waited some ten minutes.,Any用法大致相同,多用在否定句和问句中;也可以用在肯定句中,意为“任何” Is there any ink in your bottle? I havent any time. Any day will be all righ
4、t.,(2) no的用法(3)all的用法 在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语。指三个及以上的人或物。 可以代表不可数、名词复数,也可以修饰不可数、名词复数;做主语,表示事物的整体,谓语动词用单数,强调成员则用复数。,All were present at the meeting. Thats all I have. All of them have pledged themselves to finish their work ahead of time. They were all present at the lecture. 放在助动词、be动词之后,行为动词前。 Is all h
5、ere today? (整体) All are welcome.(个体,所有成员),(4) both的用法 基本用法和all一样,只不过是指两个人或事物,范围不同。 Both would like to have a try. They both skate well. Both of us agree with her.,(5) none 用来作为all的完全否定;指不可数名词时,后面的动词用单数;指名词复数时,后面的动词用复数或单数。回答how many,how much的提问;回答any+ n.的一般问句。 None of the problems is (are ) easy to s
6、olve. How much money is there in your wallet? - None. All have gone to the park. - None has gone to the park.,(6) neither 也是表示否定用法的词。 neither用作形容词,表示“(两者)都不”,置于单数名词之前。 Neither article is made in Beijing. neither用作代词,表示“两者都不,双方均不”。例如: He answered neither of the letters. Which one would you like? Neit
7、her.,此时,与neither用法较为接近的词是none,但none的含义略有不同,none表示“(三者以上)所有的都不”。例如: None of us are perfect. 人无完人。 提醒注意:neither作主语时,通常被视为单数,但从意义上讲也可视为复数。 Neither of the cars was / were damaged. 两部车都没有受损。 neither用作连词,常用短语为neither.nor.,表示“既不也不”。例如: Neither he nor I am well educated.,提醒注意:neither和nor后面接同一词性的单词或短语。 neith
8、er.nor.结构用作主语时,谓语动词必须与nor后面的名词或代词在人称及数上保持一致,即所谓的就近原则。 在表示“既也”,即“两者都”时,常用短语both.and.;表示“或者或者”(即二者选一)时,常用短语either.or.。 neither用作副词,作“也不”解释,放在句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或物,句子须采用部分倒装。此时也可用nor替换neither使用。 I dont like this dress. Neither / Nor do I.,(7)either 的用法基本同于neither的用法,只不过表示肯定含义。 I believe either method
9、will work.,(8) each 和every 的用法 each强调个别,而every则用来概括全体,与all相当。所以,与almost, nearly, without exception等连用时,可用every, 不能用each。如: Each student in this class gave a different answer. Every student / All students in this class passed the exam.,each指两者或者两者以上的“每一”,而every则指三者或三者以上的“每一”。即each可指两者,而every则不能。如: Th
10、ere are lots of trees on each (=either) side of the river. each还可用作代词和副词,而every只能用作形容词,作定语。 every可以放在other或作为整体的复数名词前,表示“每(隔)”,即:“every other +单数名词”表示“每隔一”;“every few +复数名词”表示“每隔几”;“every基数词复数名词”或“every序数词单数名词”表示“每(隔) ”。但each没有这种用法。,(9)other 和another的用法 the other +(one/单数名词)表示两者中的另一个 I have two book
11、s. One is an English book, the other (one/book)is a Chinese book. another + (one/单数名词)表示三者或三者以上中的另一个 Please give me another umbrella. This one is too old. another 还可表示“又一的,再一个(或一批)的”与more 相似,但词序不同。,have another glass of milk - one more . We need another ten chairs./We need ten more chairs. others=ot
12、her + 复数名词/ones “其余的/剩余的”指其余的/剩余的部分 the others=the other + 复数名词/ones“其余的/剩余的”指其余的/剩余的全部 These books are hers, and the other ones are mine. She always thinks of other people/others and never thinks of herself.,(10) many和much的用法 many修饰复数可数名词,表许多; much修饰不可数名词,表量或程度。 He has many friends, but few true on
13、es. There hasnt been much good weather recently. many a: many a和many同义,但语气比较强,并且要与单数名词及单数形动词连用。 Many a prisoner has been set free. (=Many prisoners have been set free.),as many和so many均等于the same number of。 前有as, like时, 只用so many。 These are not all the books I have. These are as many more upstairs.
14、They worked like so many ants. as much等于the same amount of, 表同量和同一事情。 He bought two pounds of sugar and as much tea. 同量) I was not in the least surprised, for I had fully expected as much. 同一事情) many和much之后不接名词时,作为代名词;另外much也可用副词。 Many of them were very tired. I dont eat much for lunch. 代名词) He is m
15、uch taller than I. (副词),(11)a few, few 和 a little, little的用法 a few意思是几个,有些,数目虽小,但是肯定的。 A few people know it.有几个人知道这一点。 a little意思是有一些、有一点,量虽少,但是肯定的。 He knows a little French.他懂一点法文。 few意思是不多、很少,倾向于否定,和可数名词连用。 He has few friends.他的朋友不多。 little意思是不多,很少,倾向于否定,和不可数名词连用。 I have very little time for readi
16、ng.我很少有时间读书。,(12)one 的用法 one可以代替前面刚提到过的同一类人或物,其复数形式为ones.例如: I haven t got a pen. I ll have to buy one. I have a new story-book and several old ones. 如果one不带任何前置修饰语,而是单独使用时,其意义通常是泛指的。例如: I have no recorder. I want to buy one. 不定冠词a/an不可直接和one连用,但a/an后面有形容词时,可以和one连用。例如: Have you any knives? I need a
17、 sharp one.,当one(s)代替特指名词时,它前面总有定冠词或其他限定词。例如: This room and the one upstairs are being cleaned. one 只能代替可数名词,如果所代替的是特指的不可数名词,那就不能用“the one”,而应该用that.例如: The study of English is as important as that(=the study)of Chinese. (13)some, any, no, every 跟body, -one, -thing构成的不定代词 注意nobody, no one, nothing 不可以与of 连用。,数词,基数词拼写 forty, eighty, fifty, ninety举例较大数字读法 1,000; 10,000; 100,000; 1,000,000; 289,864; 12,848; 1,290,453,用基数词表示顺序名词+基数词 Lesson 9= Lesson Nine Room 302, Page 26, Book 1, 序数词的拼写、读音 fourth, fifth, eighth, ninth, twentieth, fifty-first, ninety-eighth,