1、一、概况一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时一般过去时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时一般将来时 将来进行时 将来完成时 将来完成进行时一般过去将来时 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 过去将来完成进行时二、十六种时态的谓语形势一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 完成进行时态现在 do/does am/is/are doing have/has done have/has been doing过去 did was/were doing had done had been doing将来 shall/will do shall/will be do
2、ing shall/will have done shall/will have been doing过去将来should/would do should/would be doing should/would have done should/would have been doing一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, etc. 基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+
3、not; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把 be 动词 放于句首；用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。 一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，另外 be 和have 要根据人称的变化使用特殊的形式。一般现在时主要表示经常性的动作或存在的状态，还可用来表示普遍真理。The Yangtze rises in Qinghai. 长江发源于青海。Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于言辞。We have f
4、riends all over the world. 我们的朋友遍天下。二、一般过去时： 概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be 动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not; 在行为动词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词。
5、 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 一般过去时由动词过去式表示，动词 be 根据人称有 was 和 were 两个词形，规则动词在词尾加-d-或 ed；其他动词参阅不规则动词变化表, 该时态主要表示过去某时发生的动作或情况。Its a pity that you did not go to the movie. 很遗憾你没有去看那部电影。Many people died in the tsunami that took place in Thailand. 很多人在泰国的那次海啸中遇难丧生。三、现在进行时： 概念：表示现阶段
6、或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首。现在进行时是由助动词 be 加现在分词构成的。主要表示现在或现时刻这一阶段正在进行的动作，有时候还用来表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。How are things getting on with you? 工作进行的怎么样？Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你接电话。They are publis
7、hing a new version of the playscript by Taso Yu this autumn. 今年秋天他们要出版曹禺剧作的一个新译本。四、过去进行时： 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。 过去进行时是由助动词 be 的过去式加上现在分词构成的，主要表示 过
8、去某个时刻正在进行的动作。At that time she was working as an assistant in a physics labatory.那时她在一家物理实验室做助手。They took us to see the chemical fibre mill that they were building. 他们带我们去参观了他们正在修建的化纤厂。五、现在完成时： 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc
9、. 基本结构：have/has + done 否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have 或 has。 现在完成时是由助动词 have 和 has 加过去分词构成的。主要表示此刻以前曾经发生的动作或情况。如：Grain output has greatly increased in the past few years. 这几年粮食产量有了很大增长。The area has suffered from disastrous floods throughout its history.这个地区历史上一直遭受水患之苦。注意：过去时和现在完成时的区别：现完成时的基本特
10、点是它和现在有密切的联系，或是指迄今为止这一段时间的情况，或是过去发生的事对现在造成的影响或结果等。而过去时主要强调过去某时刻所发生的动作或情况，与现在没有任何联系。如：Up till now we have planted over 10,000 apple trees. 到目前为止我们共种了一万多棵苹果树。I saw him a minute ago. 我前一会还见到他的。六、过去完成时： 概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month)
11、,etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had 放于句首。 过去完成时由助动词 had 加动词的过去分词构成，主要表示过去某时刻前业已完成的动作或存在的状态，其实就是指过去的过去。使用时往往要要在从句中或有一个明确的过去时间状语。Before daybreak they had covered half the distance. 拂晓前他们已经走完了大半路程。No sooner had the rain stopped than they set out again. 雨一停他们就又上路了。He had not learned
12、any English before he came to the university. 上大学前他一点英语没学过。七、一般将来时： 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do； will/shall + do. 否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：be
13、放于句首； will/shall 提到句首。 一般将来时由助动词 shall (will)加动词原形构成。它表示将要发生的动作或情况。They will sit the post-graduate examinations next autumn.明年秋他们要参加工硕考试。The teacher will not let me go home before I have finished my homework.老师要我做完作业才能回家。八、过去将来时： 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。 时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the fol
14、lowing month(week),etc. 基本结构：was/were/going to + do；would/should + do. 否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do; would/should + not + do. 一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首；would/shou 一般过去将来时由助动词 would 加动词原形构成，主要表示从过去某一时间角度看以后将要发生的动作。含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“ 过去某个时间点”的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个 时态常用于：宾语从句或间接引语中。例如：When I thought ab
15、out it, I wondered what their reaction would be. 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doin
16、g it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多 难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。九、一般将来完成时一般将来完成时由 shall (will) + have + 过去分词构成。主要表示在将来某时业已发生的动作。如：After we finish this text, well have learned twenty texts. 这课课文结束后，我们就学了二十课课文了。By the next month, Ill have finished my task. 到下个月，我将完成任务。They will have hit the years target by the
17、end of October. 到十月底他们就可完成全年的指标了。十、现在完成进行时现在完成进行时由 have（has）been 加动词的现在分词构成，表示 发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在或刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续。这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。例如：Ive been waiting for you for the whole morning. 整个上午我一直在等你。 It has been raining for three days. 雨连续下了三天。Where have you been? 你去哪儿啦？She has been busy preparing the e
18、xhibition since we met last time.自我们上次见面以来，她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。十一、过去完成进行时过去完成进行时由 had been 加现在分词构成，表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： It had been raining cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places. 倾盆大雨下了一周，在许多地区引发了山崩。At last they gor the telegram they had been expec
19、ting. 最后他们收到了他们一直盼望的电报。英语时态一表通概念 时间状语 基本结构 一般疑问句 否定形式一般现在时经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。often, usually, always, sometimes, every day(week, month),once a week, on Mondays, etc.1.be 动词2.行为动词1.把动词 be放于句首。2.用助动词do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时还原为动词原形。1.am/is/are+not2.此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont；若主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesnt，同时还
20、原行为动词。现在进行时表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作或状态。now, at this time, these days, etc.am/ is/ are +doing把 be 动词放在句首。am/ is/ are +not +doing一般过去时过去某个时间里发生的动作ago, yesterday, last week(month, year), in 2000, just now, one day, long long ago, etc.1. was/were2.行为动词过去式1.把 was 或 were 放于句首。2.用助动词1.was/were+ not2. 在行为动词前加 do 在或
21、状态； 过去 习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。did 提问，同时还原为动词原形。其前加 didnt，同时还原行为动词。过去进行时表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的动作或行为。at this time yesterday或以 when 引 导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。was/ were+ doing把 was 或were 放在句首。was/ were+ not+ doing现在完成时过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的一向或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently，in the past few
22、 years, 等，及由 for 或 since 引导的时间 状语have/ has +done把 have 或has 放在句首。have/ has +not+ done现在的动作或状态。一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。tomorrow，tomorrow morning/afternoon, the day after tomorrow ，next Sunday/week/year/month， soon, in a few days minutes, etc1.be going to +do2.will shalldo1.be 放在句首。2.will/sha
23、ll 提到句首。1.be going tonot+ do2.will shallnot+ do 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或情况。表示“过去的过去” by, before 等构成的 过去时间短语连用或用于 when, before, until等引导的从句中。由 said, asked, told, thought 等引导的宾语从句中，had+ donehad 放于句首。had+ not+ done过去将来时表示在过去的某个时候看来将要发生The next day(morning, year), the following month (week),etc.1.
24、would+do 2.was/ were going to +do 1.would 提到句首。2.was 或 were 放于句首。1.would+not+do 2.was/were +not+ going to +do的动作或者存在的状态。时态专练1. -Where is Frank now?- He _his bike in the yard.(北京海淀区)A. fixes up B. fixing up C. is fixing up D. fixed 2. -Youve left the light on, Tracy.-Oh, yes. _ to turn it off right n
25、ow. (宜昌市 )A. Id go B. Ive gone C. Ill go D. I go 3.“The World Without Thieves” is a very moving film. I _ it twice already.(陕西省) A. will see B. see C. saw D. have seen 4. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since l995.(上海市)A) attracted B) attracts C) has attracted D) will att
26、ract 5. -Did you see the traffic accident yesterday?-Yes. It happened when I past the museum.（苏州市）A. walk B. am walking C. will Walk D. was walking 6. -Have you read this book? -YesI_ it two weeks ago（随州市）Ais reading Bhave read Cwill read Dread 7.- What are you doing ,Jim?-I _a beautiful horse.（北京丰台
27、区）A. draw B. drew C. am drawing D. was drawing 8. They_ all their money, so they have to walk home now. （北京丰台区）A. have spent B. spend C. spent D. are spending 9. Jim is a student and in Town High School.（武汉市）A. studies B. studied C. had studied 10.Sandy his old friend Tom when he was crossing the street.（武汉市）A. had met B. has met C. metKeys: 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.C 8. A 9.A 10.C
