1、英语语法手册副词 什么是副词副词(adverb)修饰动词、形容词和其他副词等，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。如：often 往往，here 这里，very 很，quickly 很快地。副词的构成1)本身就是副词，如 now 现在，there 那里，rather 颇。2)由形容词加词尾-1y 变来，如 firmly 坚决地，happi1y 幸福地。3)与形容词同形early adj. 早的 early adv. 早high adj. 高的 high adv. 高高地long adj. 长的，长久的 long adv. 长久地副词的种类副词可分为下列几种：1)普通副词(ordinary adv
2、erb)如：together 一起，well 好，seriously认真地，slowly 慢，carefully 小心地。2)疑问副词(interrogative adverb)如：when 何时，where 何地，how 如何，why 为何。3)关系副词(relative adverb)如：where，when。4)连接副词(conjunctive adverb)如：then 然后，so 所以，thereore 所以，however 然而，hence 所以，thus 这样，nevertheless 然而，otherwise否则，still 可是，仍然。副词的用法副词在句中可用作：1)状语(这
3、是副词在句子中的主要功用)It is raining hard.雨下得很大。(副词 hard 作状语，修饰动词 is raining。)Dont drive too fast.车子不要开得太快。(fast 是副词，作状语，修饰动词 drive，副词 too 又修饰副词 fast。)He speaks English quite well.他英语讲得相当好。(well 修饰动词speaks，quite 又修饰副词 well。)This is a fairly useful tool，这是一件相当有用的工具。(fairly 修饰形容词 useful)He has always helped his
4、 sister with her homework.他一向帮助他妹妹做家庭作业。(always 修饰动词 has helped)She often went there.她常到那儿去。(often 和 there 均是副词，修饰动词 went。)Perhaps he will telephone later.也许他以后会打电话来的。(perhaps是副词，用以修饰全句。)2)表语Is he up?他起床了没有?She is out.她出去了。3)定语Life here is full of joy.这儿的生活充满了欢乐。(here 修饰名词 life)副词的位置1)修饰动词时，有三种位置。2)
5、修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前。如：It is a rather difficult job，这是一件颇为困难的工作。(rather 修饰形容词 difficult)He runs very fast.他跑得很快。(very 修饰副词 fast)3)副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。如：The peasants there are busy digging a canal now.那里的农民现在正忙于修水渠。On my way home，I met groups of Young Pioneers.在回家的路上我遇见成群的少先队员。副词的比较等级和形容词同形的副词的形式变化与形容
6、词完全相同。但以词尾-1y 结尾的副词(注意 early 一词的-1y 不是副词的词尾)须用 more 和 most。另外，须注意下面例词中 well，badly 的不规则变化。如：原级比较级 最高级hard 努力地 harderhardestfast 快 faster fastestwell 好 better bestbadly 坏 worseworstearly 早 earlier earliestquickly 快 more quicklymost quicklyhappily 快乐地 more happily most happily副词比较等级的用法1)副词比较级的用法与形容词比较级
7、相似。如：David drives faster than anyone I know.大卫开车比我所知道的任何人都要快。She plays table tennis better than I.她乒乓球打得比我好。 (从句中省略了 play table tennis)Mr. Martin usually gets to the office earlier than others.马丁先生到办公室通常比别人早。They speak less fluently but more correctly than we do.他们讲得不如我们流利，但比我们正确。2)副词最高级用法，除副词前可以不用
8、the 外(用 the 也可以)，其余与形容词最高级相同。如：I work fastest when Im under pressure.我在有压力时工作得最快。He swims the best in Class One.一班他游泳最好。比较等级的一些特殊用法两种不同形式 有几个形容词和副词的比较级和最高级有两种的比较等级不同形式，而且意义也不同。举例说明：1)Rome is one of the oldest cities in the world. 罗马是世界上最古老的城市之一。Her eldest daughter is a school teacher.她大女儿是个教员。My eld
9、er brother is in college. He is two years older than I. 我哥哥在上大学，他比我大两岁。注older，oldest 说明人的年纪或事物的年代的久远，但在美国英语里也表示长幼。2)They reached the place later than we.他们到达那儿比我们晚。Twenty years later he returned to his home village. 二十年后，他回到自己的家乡。3)Who spoke last?是谁最后发言的?What is the latest news about the sports meet
10、?关于运动会最近有什么消息?as.as；not so. . .as 或 not as.as1)表示“相等“用 as.as。2)表示“不相等“用 not so.as 或 not as.as。如：1)This knife is as sharp as that one.这把刀跟那把一样快。Bill is as tall as I. 比尔和我一般高。Is this bag of soyabeans as heavy as that one?这袋大豆跟那袋一样重吗?You know as well as I do.你和我一样明白。注注意 as 后面的形容词如作定语，而被定语修饰的名词有不定冠词 a 时
11、，冠词 a 须放在形容词之后，如 German is as difficult a language as English.(德语和英语一样难学。)。这样的词序也适用于 so，如 I have never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin before.(我过去从未见过像桂林这样美丽的地方。)2)tian An Men Square was not so big as it is now.天安门广场过去没有现在这样大。The Atlantic Ocean is not as big as the Pacific ocean.大西洋没有太平洋大。表示“几倍于
12、“用 twice (两倍)，three times(三倍)等加 as.as如：New York is ten times as big as my home town.纽约有我的家乡十个大。The output of the paper mill is now three times as high as it was in 1966.这家纸厂的生产比一九六六年增加两倍。This river is twice as long as that one.这条河比那条河长一倍。Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。注表示“几倍于“也可以用下面的
13、说法，如：Three times three is nine.三乘三得九。He is twice my age.他的年龄比我大一倍。This lake is four times the size of that one.这个湖有那个湖四个大。The irrigated area in this province is four times bigger than in l978.这个省的灌溉面积比 1978 年增加三倍。(four times bigger than = four times as big as)Our countys agricultural output this yea
14、r is 5 per cent higher than that of last year.我们县今年农业产量比去年增长百分之五。表示程度可用 much，far，still，even，a 1itt1e，no， any，a great deal 等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。如：The Yellow River is long，but the Changjiang River is even longer.黄河长，长江更长。We are much better off now.我们的生活比过去好得多。She sings far better than the others.她唱得比别人好得多
15、。Wang is taller than Zhang. Li is still than Wang. 王比张高，李比王还高。注一注意下面的一些说法。如：I couldnt move a step further，我连一步也走不动了。The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.会议比平常多开了两个钟头。He is a head taller than I.他比我高一个头。(也可以说 He is taller than me by a head.)They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes.他们
16、比我们早二十分钟到达那里。The students of the university have increased by 100 per cent since l978.这个大学的学生自一九七八年以来增加了一倍。Do you want any more? -Yes，give me two more.你还要吗?一是的，再给我两个。Have you any more tickets? -Sorry，I have no more.你还有票吗? 对不起，没有了。注二可用形容词最高级 + possible 或 imaginable 等词来强调语气。如：I think he is the best po
17、ssible man for the job.我认为他做这工作最合适。(也可以说 the best man possible)Swimming in winter is the best form of exercise imaginable.冬泳是最好的运动方式。(也可以说 the best imaginable form)英语语法手册英语精品-比较级 vip“比较级 + and + 比较级“(后面不可接 than 从句)可用来表示“越来越“。如：The days are getting longer and longer.白天越来越长了。He is becoming more and mo
18、re interested in sports. 他对运动越来越有兴趣了。The more the more 的用法意思是“越，就越“。如：The harder you work，the more you Will learn.你越努力，就越学得多。The greater the mass of a body，the greater is its inertia.物体的质量越大，它的惯性就越大。The more you eat，the fatter you get.你吃得越多，长得越胖。The more，the better.越多越好。more than 和 less than这两个固定词组分
19、别表示“多于“少于“。如：There are more than three hundred households in this village.这个村子有三百多户人家。The finished the Work in less than a year.他们不到一年就完成这项工作。Our country has established diplomatic relations with more than one hundred countries.我国已经和一百多个国家建立了外交关系。no more than 和 not more thanno more than 的意思是“只不过“，no
20、t more than 的意思是“不多于“。试比较：There are no more than ten tickles left. 剩下不到十张票。 (有“票少“的含义)The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到五个。(没有“多“或“少“的含义，只是客观地说明数目)This room is no bigger than that. 这个房间并不比那个大。 (有“两个房间都不大“的含义)This room is not bigger than that one.这个房间不比那个大。 (没有“两个房间都不大或都不小“
21、的含义)注注意 not . Any more than 或 no more.than 在下面句子中的用法。如：They cannot do the impossible any more than we can.他们和我们同样不能做不可能的事情。He is no more diligent than I am.他和我同样不勤奋no less than 和 not 1ess thanno less than 的意思是“不亚于“，not less than 的意思是“不少于“。试比较：There were no less than a thousand people at the meeting.
22、到会的有一千人之多。(有“到会人多“的含义)There were not less than one thousand people at the meeting.到会的至少有一千人。(没有“到会人多或人少“的含义)This song is no less popular than that one.这首歌之受欢迎不亚于那首歌。(有“两首歌都受欢迎“的含义)This song is not less popular than that one.这首歌受欢迎的程度不比那首差。(纯粹比较。不一定有“两首歌都受欢迎“的含义)All the better 和 so much the better这一类的说法都有“因此而更“的含义。如：If that is so，all the better.果真如此，那就更好。If he will come，so much the better.如果他愿意来，那更好。
