1、高中句子划分课堂讲义之 句子结构及成分划分概念句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语） 、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语） 。1主语一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：We work in a big factory. The classroom is very big. Three are enough. To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctors job.What we need is food
2、. 在“There be ”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用 it 作形式主语。如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house.2谓语谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：He is very generous. She looks very s
3、mart and coolWe have finished the job. He can speak German.3表语表语由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。You look younger than before. My father is a teacher. Everyone is here. They are at the theatre.My job is to teach them English. Her job is training the nurses.That is why he didnt come to scho
4、ol yesterday.4宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如：He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air.The Americans enjoyed living in China. I believe that they can finish the work in time.直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还
5、需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We brought them some food.主 谓 间宾 直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加 to 或 for。5宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.如:If you let me go, Ill make you king.Dont make your hands dirty.We found
6、 Li Ming out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw a girl go into the building.The boy ordered the dog to lie down.The boss kept them working all day.Yesterday he got his leg broken.6定语 定语用来修饰名词或代词。如：The black bike is mine. Whats your name?They made some paper flowers. The boys in the room are
7、 in Class Three, Grade One.I have lots to eat and drink. The tall boy who is standing there is Peter. 在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称“后置定语” 。 修饰不定代词 something, anything, nothing, something, anyone, somebody, anybody, nobody 的定语必须后置。如：Well go to have something English.If you dont know the ans
8、wer, ask someone else.介词短语作定语时要后置。如：Do you know the boy behind the tree?The students in the room are all my friends.I think the picture on the left is better than the one on the right.动词的不定式作定语时要后置What about something to drink?I have no time to travel to China is in Autumn or in Spring.7状语状语用来修饰动词、形
9、容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：He did it carefully They missed me very much.Without his help, we couldnt work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.When I was young, I could swim well.英语五种基本句型列式如下：一： （主谓） The moon ro
10、se.二： （主系表）The dinner smells good.三： （主谓宾）He has refused to help them.四： （主谓间宾直宾）She cooked her husband a delicious meal.五： （主谓宾宾补）They found the house deserted.练习：指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1.Whether well go depend on the weather .2. Peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they wer
11、e defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.Ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that Id like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of w
12、ork to do .11.Anyway I wont stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve
13、 the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.Its strange that she doesnt come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
