1、重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 1 -http:/ whales road=sea. Such metaphors occur in great number.Understatement: not troublesome=very welcome; need not praise=condemnPart Three Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400)I. Introduction to ChaucerII. Select Reading: The Prologue of The Canterbury TalesIII. Define the
2、termsV. Summarize Chaucers literary career and the representative works of each period.Lecture TwoShakespeare (1564-1616)I. A list of Shakespeares playsThe first period (historical plays, comedies)1590 Henry VI, Part IIHenry Vi, Part III1591 Henry VI, Part I1592 Richard IIIThe Comedy of Errors 1593
3、Titus AndronicusThe Taming of the Shrew1594 The Two gentlemen of VeronaLoves Labbours Lost 空爱一场Romeo and JulietThe second period (great comedies and mature historical plays)1595 Richard IIA Midsummer Nights Dream 仲夏夜之梦1596 The Life and Death of King John 约翰王The Merchant of Venice1597 Henry IV, Part
4、IHenry IV, Part II1598 Much Ado About Nothing 无事自扰Henry V重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 22 -The Merry Wives of Windsor 温莎的风流妇人1599 Julius CaesarAs You Like It 如愿1600 Twelfth NightThe third period (great tragedies and dark comedies)1601 Hamlet1602 Troilus and Cressida 脱爱勒斯与克莱西达1603 Alls Well That Ends
5、 Well 皆大欢喜1604 Measure for Measure 恶有恶报Othello1605 King LearMacbeth1606 Antony and Cleopatra 安东尼与克柳巴1607 Coriolanus 科里奥拉那斯Timon of Athens 雅典的泰蒙The fourth period(romantic drama)1608 Pericles 波里克利斯1609 Cymberline 辛伯林1610 The Winters Tale 冬天的故事1611 The Tempest 暴风雨1612 Henry IIIII. Selected Readings: so
6、nnet 18, “To be, or not to be”, Romeo and Juliet SCENE II. Capulets Orchard.IV. How many periods does Shakespeares dramatic career fall into?Roughly four periods: (1) the early histories of the 1590s; (2)the romantic comedies around the turn of the century, roughly from 1594-1600; (3) the great trag
7、edies of the early 1600s, from 1600 to 1608; (4) the romances of the 1610s.V. What are the unique features of Shakespeares sonnets?Two features: (1) the principle person addressed by the poet is not a woman but a young man and a mysterious dark lady. (2) the structure of three quatrains and a conclu
8、ding couplet is typically Shakespearean.Lecture ThreePart One Francis Bacon (1561-1626)I. Introduction to Francis Bacon重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 23 -II. Selected Reading“Of Marriage and Single Life”Part Two John Donne (1572-1631)I. Introduction to John DonneII. Selected ReadingThe FleaHoly Sonne
9、tsA Valediction: Forbidding MourningIII. Define the termConceit: metaphor or simile presenting a surprisingly apt parallel between two apparently dissimilar things or feelings.Metaphysical poetry: Poem that deals with philosophical or spiritual matters. It is generally limited to works written by a
10、group of 17th century poets such as John Donne.IV. Fill in the blanks1. The writings of Francis Bacon mainly fall into three categories: philosophical, literary and professional.2. The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verse.3. John Donne is
11、the founder of the school of metaphysical poetry. His works are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.V. Choose the best answer. “Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested” is oen of the epigrams found in_.A. Bacons “Of Stu
12、dies” B. Thomas Mores UtopiaC. Bunyans The Pilgrims Progress D. Fieldings Tom JonesLecture FourJohn Milton (1608-1674)重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 24 -I. Introduction to John MiltonII. Select ReadingA SonnetParadise LostIII. Give supporting reasons for the statement: Samson in Samson Agonistes is J
13、ohn Milton the author himself.Samson Agonistes is a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedies. It deals with the story of Samson from the “Book of Judges”in the Old Testament. Samson is an athlete of the Israelites. He stands as the champion fighting for the freedom of his country. But he is bet
14、rayed by his wife Dalilah and blinded by his enemies the Philistines. Led into the temple to make them sport, he wreaks his vengeance upon his enemies by pulling down the temple upon them and upon himself in a common ruin.There is much in common between Samson and John Milton. Like Samson, Milton ha
15、d also been embittered by an unwise marriage, persecuted by his enemies, and suffered from blindness. And yet he was unconquerable.Samsons miserable blind servitude among his enemies, his agonizing longing for sight and freedom, and the last terrible triumph all strongly suggest Miltons passionate l
16、onging that he too could bring destruction down upon the enemy at the cost of his own life. Therefore Samson in the drama is Milton himself in life.IV. Analyze the character of Satan in John Miltons Paradise Lost.Satan, a conquered and banished giant, remains obeyed and admired by those who follow h
17、im down to hell. He is firmer than the rest of the angels. It is he , passing the guarded gates, makes man revolt against God.Satan is the spirit of questioning the authority of God. When he gets to the Garden of Eden, he believes why Adam and Eve should not taste the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge.
18、Though defeated, Satan prevails, since he has won from God a third part of his angels. Though wounded, he triumphs, for the thunder which hits upon his head leaves his heart invincible. Though feebler in force, he remains superior in nobility, since he prefers independence to happy servility. He wel
19、comes his defeat and his torments as a glory, a liberty and a joy.Lecture Five Part One Daniel Defoe (1660-1731)I. Introduction to Daniel DefoeII. Introduction to Robinson CrusoeIII. Interpretations重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 25 -Novelist James Joyce eloquently noted that the true symbol of the Br
20、itish conquest is Robinson Crusoe: “He is the true prototype of the British colonist The whole Anglo-Saxon spirit is in Crusoe: the manly independence, the unconscious cruelty, the persistence, the slow yet efficient intelligence, the sexual apathy, the calculating taciturnity“.Robinson is not a her
21、o, but an everyman. He begins as a wanderer, aimless on a sea he does not understand; he ends as a pilgrim, crossing a final mountain to enter the promised land. The book tells the story of how Robinson gets closer to God, not through listening to sermons in a church but through spending time alone
22、amongst nature with only a Bible to read. This view was not welcomed by the established Anglican church of the time, which thought the message in the book was anarchic and close to heresy. Defoes views are reflected in those of Christian anarchism .IV. Cultural influencesThe book proved so popular t
23、hat the names of the two main protagonists have entered the language. The term “Robinson Crusoe“ is virtually synonymous with the word “castaway“ and is often used as a metaphor for being or doing something alone. Robinson Crusoe usually referred to his servant as “my man Friday“, from which the ter
24、m “Man Friday“ (or “Girl Friday“) originated, referring to a personal assistant, servant, or companion.In Jean-Jacques Rousseaus treatise on education, Emile: Or, On Education, the main character, Emile, is allowed to read before the age of twelve is Robinson Crusoe. Rousseau wants Emile to identify
25、 himself as Crusoe, required to rely upon himself for all of his needs. In Rousseaus view, Emile needs to imitate Crusoes experience, allowing necessity to determine what is to be learned and accomplished. This is one of the main themes of Rousseaus educational model.III. Selected ReadingRobinson Cr
26、usoePart Two Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)I. Introduction to SwiftII. Main Plot of Gullivers TravelsThe book is divided into four parts, which are as follows:Part I: A Voyage To LilliputPart II: A Voyage to BrobdingnagPart III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Glubbdubdrib, and LuggnaggPart IV: A Voyage
27、 to the Country of the HouyhnhnmsMajor themes: Gullivers Travels has been called a lot of things from a satire to a childrens story, from proto-Science Fiction to a forerunner of the modern novel. Possibly one of the reasons for the books classic status is that it can be seen as many things to many
28、people. It is even funny. Broadly, the book has three themes:1) a satirical view of the state of European government, and of petty differences between religions. 2) an inquiry into whether man is inherently corrupt or whether men are corrupted 3) a restatement of the older “ancients v. moderns“ cont
29、roversy previously addressed by Swift in the 重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 26 -Battle of the Books. In terms of storytelling and construction the parts follow a pattern:1) The causes of Gullivers misadventures become more malignant as time goes on - he is first shipwrecked, then abandoned, then atta
30、cked by strangers, then attacked by his own crew. 2) Gullivers attitude hardens as the book progresses he is genuinely surprised by the viciousness and politicking of the Lilliputians but finds the behavior of the Yahoos in the fourth part reflective of the behavior of “civilised“ people 3) Each par
31、t is the reverse of the preceding part Gulliver is big/small/sensible/ignorant, the countries are sophisticated/simple/scientific/natural, forms of Government are worse/better/worse/better than Englands. 4) Gullivers view between parts contrasts with its other coinciding part Gulliver sees the tiny
32、Lilliputians as being vicious and unscrupulous, and then the king of Brobdingnag sees Europe in exactly the same light. Gulliver sees the Laputians as unreasonable, and Gullivers houyhnhm master sees humanity (well, Yahoos) equally so. 5) No form of government is ideal the simplistic Brobdingnagians
33、 enjoy public executions and have streets infested with beggars, the honest and upright Houyhnhnms who have no word for lying are happy to suppress the true nature of Gulliver as a Yahoo and equally unconcerned about his reaction to being expelled 6) Specific individuals may be good even where the r
34、ace is bad Gulliver finds a friend in each of his travels and, despite Gullivers rejection of and horror toward all Yahoos, is treated very well by the Portuguese captain, Don Pedro, who returns him to England at the novels end. Of equal interest is the character of Gulliver himself he progresses fr
35、om a cheery optimist at the start of the first part to the pompous misanthrope of the books conclusion and we may well have to filter our understanding of the work if we are to believe the final misanthrope wrote the whole work. In this sense Gullivers Travels is a very modern and complex novel. The
36、re are subtle shifts throughout the book, such as when Gulliver begins to see all humans, not just those in Houyhnhnm-land, as Yahoos.Despite the depth and subtlety of the book, it is often derided as a childrens story because of the popularity of the Lilliput section as a book for children. It is s
37、till possible to buy books entitled Gullivers Travels which contain only parts of the Lilliput voyage.Cultural Influences1) The popularity of Gulliver is such that the term Lilliputian has entered the language as an adjective meaning “small and delicate“. There is even a brand of cigar called Lillip
38、ut which is, obviously, small.2) In like vein, the term Yahoo is often encountered as a synonym for ruffian or thug. Brobdingnagian also can be occasionally found as a synonym for very large or gigantic.3) In the discipline of Computer Architecture, the terms big-endian and little-endian are used to
39、 describe two possible ways of laying out bytes in memory . One of the conflicts in the book is between people who preferred cracking open their soft-boiled eggs from the little end, and the people who preferred the big end.III. Selected ReadingChapter 7 重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 27 -Lecture Six
40、Part One William Blake (1757-1827)I. Introduction to William BlakeII. Selected ReadingThe LambThe tigerThe sick roseThe chimney sweeperPart Two Robert Burns (1759-1796)I. Introduction to Robert BurnsII. Selected ReadingAuld Lang SyneA Red, Red RosePart Three George Gordon Byron (1788-1824)I. Introdu
41、ction to ByronII. Selected ReadingShe Walks in BeautyWhen A Man Hath No Freedom to Fight for at HomePart Four Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)I. Introduction to ShelleyII. Select ReadingOde to the West WindIII.Tell the theme of “Ode to the West Wind”.1. It expresses Shelleys optimistic belief that o
42、ld world must go, a new world must come with the spring.2. The poet asks the wind to work in him, restoring him to spiritual health and creative vigor.IV. What is the symbolic meaning of “the west wind”?3. It symbolizes regeneration which follows the destruction and death of winter.4. Personally, Sh
43、elley sees it as a force that will reinvigorate him.5. Socially and politically, the wind represents the destructive and revolutionary energies.重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 28 -6. It is the spirit within nature, a driving force behind the turning wheel of the seasons and the cycles of life and deat
44、h.Lecture SevenPart One William Wordsworth (1770-1850)I. Introduction to William WordsworthII. Selected ReadingI Wandered Lonely as a CloudComposed Upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802Part Two Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)I. Introduction to ColeridgeII. Selected ReadingKubla KhanPart Three J
45、ohn Keats(17951821)I. Introduction to John KeatsII. Selected ReadingOde on a Grecian UrnIII. The theme of Keats “Ode on a Grecian Urn”.The poet has absorbed himself into the timeless beautiful scenery on the antique Grecian urn: the loves, musicians and worshippers carved on the urn exist simultaneo
46、usly and forever in their intensity of joy. They are unaffected by time, stilled in expectation. This is at once the glory and the limitation of the world conjured up by an object of art. The urn celebrates intuitions of ecstasy by denying our painful knowledge of transience and suffering.Keats show
47、s the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion.IV. Five of Keats immortal odes.“Ode to a nightingale”, To Autumn”, “Ode on Melancholy”, “Ode on a Grecian Urn”, “Ode on Indolence”.V. Coleridges artistic ideas.1. His poetic themes range from the supernatural to the do
48、mestic.2.Coleridge is one of the first critics to give close critical attention to language, maintaining t that the true end of poetry is to give pleasure “through the medium of beauty”.3.He thinks that art is the medium between man and nature. Imagination is the means to unite the thoughts and pass
49、ions. Art is the only permanent revelation of the nature of reality.重庆交通大学外国语学院精品课程英美文学史及选读电子备课本- 29 -VI. Wordsworths contribution to poetry.1.He has started the modern poetry, the poetry of the growing inner self.2. he has changed the course of English poetry by using ordinary speech of the language and by advocating a return of nature.Lecture EightJ
