1、比较等级的常见句型归纳 (1)两者相比，甲=乙，用“as +形容词或副词原级+ as”。如：He is as tall as I/me.他和我一样高。He got up as early as I did.他和我起得一样早。 注：当 asas 中间有名词时，名词要放在形容词之后。如：This is as good an example as the other is.这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少纸，我也能。(2)两者相比，甲乙，用“as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”。如：He cannot run so/as
2、fast as you.他没你跑得快。Corn doesnt need as/so much water as rice.玉米不需要稻谷那么多水。(3)两者相比，甲乙，用“比较级形容词或副词+ than”。如：You are taller than I. 你比我高。He reads more careful than I.他比我看书更认真。(4)多者比较，用“the+最高级+比较范围”。如：Tom is the tallest in his class.汤姆是他班里个子最高。Kate wrote (the) most carefully of all.凯特是所有人中写得最认真的。形容词与副词比
3、较等级的构成方法1. 单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀er 和est 构成比较级和最高级。此时，还需注意：若原级以字母 e 结尾，则只加-r 和-st；若原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，则应将 y 改为 i，再加-er 和-est构成比较级和最高级；若原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er 和-est 构成比较级和最高级。如：longlongerlongest largelargerlargestbusybusierbusiest bigbiggerbiggest2. 多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。如
4、：usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficult常见的不规则形容词与副词的比较等级变化：goodbetterbest；wellbetterbest；badworseworst；badlyworseworst；illworseworst；muchmoremost；manymoremost；littlelessleast；farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest；等。注：less 和 least 也用来构成比较级或最高级，表示“较不”和“最不”：carefulless care
5、fulleast careful。比较级和最高级的常见修饰语归纳1. 比较级的修饰语表示“稍稍”、“一点”意义的 a bit, a little, rather, some, any 等；表示“得多”的 much, far, a great / good deal, a lot, a good bit 等；表示“更加”意义的 still, even, yet 等；表示确定程度的修饰语，如分数或有关长度、时间、重量等名词词组通常放在比较级前，也可由 by 引出而置于比较级之后。如：It is even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还冷。He looks a bit h
6、appier now. 他现在显得高兴点儿了。Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好点儿了吗?He is two years younger than me. 他比我小两岁。He is a head taller than his younger sister. 他比他妹妹高一头。This bridge is 10 meters longer than that one. 这桥比那桥长 10 米。This bridge is longer than that one by 10 meters. 这桥比那桥长 10 米。注：在修饰或代替复数可数名词的 more
7、前不可用 much，而要用 many；除 quite better 外，quite, very, so 等不可修饰比较级 。2. 最高级的修饰语最高级前可用 the very, the second, much the, (by) far the, not quite the, nearly, almost, by no means 等修饰。He is far more careful than I am. 他比我仔细得多。This is much the most important. 这是最重要的。Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 海南是中国第
8、二大岛。This is quite far the most expensive bicycle in the shop. 这是这家商店里最最贵的自行车。注：very 不能修饰比较级，却可修饰最高级，但它与一般的修饰最高级的副词有所不同，即它要放在最高级前的定冠词之后，而不是之前(另外，second, third, next 等也要放在定冠词之后)。常见比较结构的用法区别1. more and more 与 the more, the more：前者表示“越来越”，后者表示“越，越”。如：Our country is getting more and more powerful. 我们国家越来
9、越强大。The more we get together, the happier we will be. 人聚得越多，我们越快活。2. more than 与 less than：前者“(指数量)多于”、“不只是”、“非常”等，后者表示“少于”、“比少”。如：Ive known him for more than 10 years. 我已认识他 10 多年了。He is more than a father to her. 他待她胜过父亲。She was more than kind to us. 她对我们很友好。It cost me less than 10 pounds. 我买它没要上
10、10 英镑。She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。3. more than 与 lessthan：前者表示“比多，比更”，后者表示“比少，不如”。如：He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。I got less money than the others did. 我比别人得到的钱少。注：两者均可表示“与其不如”，但词序不同。如：He is less a teacher than an expert. / He is more an
11、 expert than a teacher. / He is not so much a teacher as an expert. 与其说他是老师，不如说他是专家。4. “no+比较级+than”结构：这类结构的实际意思是对待比较的两个对象进行否定，相当于该原级形容词或副词使用 asas 结构的意思。如 no better than = as bad as，意为“与一样不好”，no faster than = as slow as，意为“与一样不快”，no taller than = as short as，意为“与一样不高”等。5. no more than 与 not more tha
12、n：两者均可表示数量，前者表示“仅仅”、“只有”(= only)，强调少；而后者表示“不多于”、“至多”(= at most)。如：It is no more than five miles to the station. 去车站只有 5 英里。It is not more than five miles to the station. 去车站最多 5 英里。6. no morethan 与 not morethan：前者用于否定两者，意为“同一样不”(=neither . nor)；而后者只强调两者的程度不同，意为“不如”、“不及”(= not so . as)。如：Hes no more
13、able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。（=Neither he nor I am not read Spanish.）She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。（= She is not so clever as he is.）This film is not more interesting than that one. 这部电影不比那部电影更有趣。（This film is not so interesting as that one.）形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化1. 单音节以及少数双音节形容词
14、或副词大致按以下规律变化：(1) 一般在形容词或副词后面直接加er 变为比较级，加est 变为最高级。如：oldolderoldest highhigherhighest(2) 以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的，则双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-er 变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：bigbiggerbiggest thinthinnerthinnest (3) 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词，则将改 y 为 i 再加-er 变为比较级，加 est 变为最高级。如：busybusierbusiest heavyheavierheaviest (4) 以字母 e 结尾的单词，直接加
15、r 变为比较级，加 st 变为最高级。如：largelargerlargest freefreerfreest 2. 多音节以及某些双音节形容词或副词变为比较级或最高级时，则通常在其前加 more 变为比较级，加 most 变为最高级。如：importantmore importantmost importantdifficultmore difficultmost difficultusefulmore usefulmost useful3. 少数单音节单词，特别是分词形容词，须在前面加 more 变为比较级，(the) most 变为最高级。如：fondmore fondmost fond
16、pleasedmore pleasedmost pleased4. 有些单词的比较级或最高级有两种形式，如：clevercleverer / more clevercleverest / most cleverableabler / more ableablest / most ablenarrownarrower / more narrownarrowest / most narrow比较等级前常见修饰语归纳1. 比较级前可用 a little, a bit, a little bit, slightly 等修饰，表示“稍微”、“一点”。如：Its a little colder today
17、 than it was yesterday. 今天比昨天稍冷一点。Theyre a little bit better now. 现在他们稍好一点儿了。2. 比较级前可用 much, far, by far, a lot, a good deal, a great deal, rather 等修饰，表示“得多”。如：Shes a good deal better today. 她今天好多了。There are far more people than we expected. 人比我们预计的多得多。注意：quite 也可修饰比较级，表示“得多”，但该比较级通常只限于 better。如：Hes
18、 quite better now. 他现在好多了。3. 比较级前可用 even, still 修饰，表示“更”。如：It was even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天还要冷。The next day she got up still earlier. 第二天她起床更早些。4. asas 结构前可用 almost, exactly, half, just, nearly, quite, times, twice 等修饰，表示程度。如：Lets walk. Its just as quick as taking the bus. 咱们走路去吧，和坐公共汽车去一样快。
19、Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色波长的两倍。5. 最高级可用 by far, much, about, almost, nearly 及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。如：This is by far the best. 这一个显然是最好的。This is much the most difficult. 这是最最难。Hainan is Chinas second largest island. 海南是中国第二大岛。6. 当形容词比较等级修饰名词作定语时，其前通常加冠词(特指
20、用定冠词，泛指用不定冠词)；另外，有时要表示两者之中的较为突出者(通常有 of the two 结构)，此时要在比较级前使用定冠词。如：If there were no examinations, we should have a much happier time. 要是没有考试的话，我们在学校玩得还会更开心。Of the two shirts, Id like to choose the cheaper one. 我选定这两件中较便宜的那件衬衫。形容词和副词比较级的常用句型及应用1. 当 A B 时，用“比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如：My room is smaller
21、than yours. 我的房间比你的小。She got there earlier than I did. 她比我到得早。注意：一般来说，比较对象为人称代词时，用主格或宾格均可。但是，当句子中谓语动词为及物动词时，人称代词用主格或宾格意义不同。如：I like you better than he (likes you). 我比他更喜欢你。I like you better than (he likes) him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。2. 当 A B，但 B 包含 A 时，则须用 other 来将 A 排除出去，即：(1) 用“比较级 + than + any other + 名词单数”来
22、表示。如：China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比其他任何亚洲国家都要大。(2) 用“比较级 + than + any of the other + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is older than any of the other boys in his class. 他比他班上任何同学年纪都大。(3) 用“比较级 + than + all the other +名词复数”来表示。如：Your department spent more last year than all the other departments put
23、 together. 你们部门去年的花销比其他所有部门的加起来还多。(4) 用“比较级 + than + (any of) the others”来表示。如：I received less money than the others did. 我比别人收到的钱少。(5) 用“比较级 + than + the other + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is cleverer than the other students in his class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。(6) 用“比较级 + than + anyone else”来表示。如：You know him better than
24、anyone else. 你对他比任何别人都更了解。3. 当 A B，但 B 不包含 A 时，句型为：(1) 用“比较级 + than + any of the + 名词复数”来表示。如：He is richer than any of the people here. 他比这儿的任何人都有钱。(2) 用“比较级 + than + any + 名词单数”来表示。如：Im taller than any student of your class. 我比你们班的任何学生都高。4. 当 A = B 时，用“as + 原级 + as + 比较对象”来表示。如：She is as tall as me
25、。她与我一样高。He gets up as early as his parents. 他起床与他父母起得一样早。5. 当 A B 时，用“not so /as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如：Im not as so lucky as you. 我不像你那么幸运。He doesnt study as so hard as Mary. 他学习不如玛丽努力。6. 当 A = 数字B 时，用下列结构来表示：(1) 用“数字 + times + as + 原级 + as +比较对象”来表示。如：Their house is about three times as big as ours
26、. 他们的房子大约有我们房子三倍大。(2) 用“数字 + times + the size / length / depth / height / width + of +比较对象” 来表示。如：Your office is three times the size of ours. 你的办公室是我们办公室的三倍大。(3) 用“数字 + times + 比较级 + than + 比较对象”来表示。如：He runs three times faster than Jack. 他比杰克跑得快三倍。注：若指两倍，以上各句型中的“数字+times”则应换成 twice。如：This room is
27、twice the length of the other, but much narrower. 这个房间的长度是那个房间的两倍, 但窄得多。7. 在三者或三者以上的人或物中，用最高级表示，结构为“the + 最高级 + 比较范围”。如：She is the best player in the team. 她是队里最优秀的运动员。He works the hardest of all the students. 他是所有学生中最用功的。8. 表示“越来越”时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”。如：Your English is getting better and better. 你的
28、英语越来越好了。Its becoming more and more difficult to find a job. 找工作越来越困难了。9. 表示“越就越”时，用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”。如：The younger you are, the easier it is to learn. 年纪越轻，学习越容易。The more money you make, the more you spend. 你挣的钱越多，花的钱也越多。10. “否定词+谓语+比较级”相当于最高级。如： Ive never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This b
29、ird is the nicest bird Ive ever seen. 这是我所见过的最好的鸟。How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice. 她唱得多好啊！我从来没有听过这么动听的声音。asas结构学习要点一、asas 结构的基本用法其基本意思为“与一样”，其中的第一个 as 副词，其后通常接形容词或副词(用原级)，第二个 as 可用作介词(后接名词或代词)或连词(后接从句)。使用时应注意以下几点：1. 在否定句中，第一个 as 也可换成 so：He doesnt study as so hard as his
30、brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。2. 在该结构的两个 as 之间通常接形容词或副词的原级，但若涉及数量或程度，可用“as much+不可数名词+as”和“as many+可数名词复数+as”：Youve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。I havent got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想像的有那么多钱。(R2/92)其间接形容词时，有时该形容词还可修饰另一名词，但这个名词应带有不定冠词(注意词序)：She is as good a cook as her mother. 她和她妈妈一样
31、是位好厨师。也可说：She is a cook as good as her mother. 但不说：She is as a good cook as her mother. 或 They are as good cooks as us.二、关于第二个 as 的词性第二个 as 后接从句时，该 as 通常为连词，但有时这个 as 还充当其后从句的主语或宾语，此时该 as 实为关系代词。如：I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。Weve got food for as many people as want it. 我们的食物，无论多
32、少人吃都够了。注：若第二个 as 用作连词引导一个表示将来意义的从句，则该从句可用现在时表示将来，也可直接使用将来时态。如：Well get there as soon as you do will. 你一到，我们就到。三、asas结构的修饰语该结构根据情况可用使用以下修饰语：(not) nearly, almost, just, nothing like, exactly, not quite, half, one-ten, twice, three times, 30 per cent 等，并且这些修饰语必须置于第一个 as 之前，而不能置于其后。如：He doesnt play half
33、 as well as his sister. 他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。This dress is twice as expensive as that. 这件连衣裙比那件贵一倍。四、asas结构的省略在非正式场合(尤其是美国英语中)，有时可以省略第一个 as。如：When over forty, he married a woman poor as himself. 他在 40 多岁时娶了一个像他本人一样穷的女人。另外，若意思明确，有时可省略第二个 as 及其后的相关词语。如：The pianos in that shop will be cheaper, but not as good. 那家商店的收音机会便宜些，但质量没那么好。
