1、10 级语法讲稿-状语从句Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.11状语从句一、 基本概念：在复合句中修饰 动词、形容词或副词 的从句叫状语从句。状语从句在句中的作用相当于一个副词，因此也叫副词性从句。从句的位置可放在句首，也可在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句子末尾时，从句前一般不用逗号。二、状语从句分类: 根据它们的含义可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等 9 种。三、 状语从句重点: 掌握并正确使用好不同种类应使用的相应的连词。一）时间状语从句1.连词有：when, as, while, a
2、fter, before, as soon as, since, till (until) , once, whenever, no sooner then, hardly when, scarcely when, the moment, every time, immediately, the instant, directly, etc. e.g. I was going over my lessons when my mother came in .Dont speak while you are eating.We discussed his suggestion as we went
3、 along (前进).2注：由 as soon as,the moment, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner than ，hardly/scarcelywhen 等引导的状语从句，这些词都可译为“一就”之意e.g Please come to my office as soon as the class is over.Hardly/Scarcely had I got to the office when the manager left.No sooner had he entered the room than the
4、 phone rang.3. When 的用法：1) 表时间， “当时候” 可引导“点时间” ， 也可以引导“段时间”The fire was put out when they came.I hope youll think of my words when you drive on the busy roads.2） “如果，要是” Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.3） “既然”Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one alre
5、ady?4） “虽然，然而，可是”He walks when he might ride.We have only three chairs when we need five.5）并列连词“这时候”I was about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time.4.while 的用法： 1） 表时间， “当时候” 可引导“段时间”Please be quiet while I am talking to you.2） “虽然， 尽管”While I understand what you say, I cant agree with yo
6、u.3） 表示对比， “而，然而”He is strong while his brother is weak.5. 表示两个同时发展变化的事件, 状态，用 as,常翻译成“随着”As he gets older, he gets more wise.As time went on, her hair turned gray.6. Until, till 两词可替换，但 until 语气比较强，可置于句首，可用于强调句。Wait till/until he comes. Dont leave until he comes.10 级语法讲稿-状语从句Dont trouble trouble un
7、til trouble troubles you.22Not until he comes can you leave. It isnt until he comes that you can leave. 7. Since (自从)的用法1). since 表示自某一时间点以来，常与完成（进行）时态连用。 主句一般用持续性动词，如用非持续性动词时必须强调动作的频度或多次、多个。I have lived in Cixi since I graduated from ECNU.自从华师大毕业后，我一直住在慈溪。I have returned to Shanghai twice since I g
8、raduated from ECNU.自从华师大毕业后，我回过两次上海。2). Since 引导的从句中，如是持续性动词，往往理解为某一状态的终止。He has telephoned me frequently since he was ill.他病好后经常给我打电话。It has been a year since I worked here.我不在这里工作已经一年了。 3).It is/has been +一段时间+sinceIt is/has been a long time since he was ill.（持续性动词）他病好了很长时间了。It is/has been a long
9、time since we parted.（非持续性动词）我们分开很长时间了。8. Before（在 之前）, before 引导的时间状语从句如果是过去时，其修饰的主句可用一般过去时或过去完成时。I must finish this letter before I go home.All the birds flew away before I started to fire.Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.注意 before 的重点用法：1） It was +时间段+before+S+V 过了多久某
10、人就干某事了It was five hours before I finished the work.过了五个小时，我就完成那项工作了。2） It wasnt +时间段 +before+S+V 没过多久某人就干某事了It wasnt ten minutes before he saw the manager.没过十分钟他就见到经理了。3）It will be +时间段+before+S+V 过多久才发生某事It will be five hours before I finish the work.我要过十分钟才能完成这项工作。4）It wont be +时间段+before+S+V 过不长多
11、少时间就会发生某事It wont be five hours before I finish the work.用不了 5 个小时我就能完成这项工作。9. by the time 的用法。指到某一点时间为止，主句常用完成时态。若主句是 be 的系表结构或像 know 等表示“认知” 的持续动词，则往往用一般现在时。By the time he gets there, his father has already gone.10 级语法讲稿-状语从句Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.33By the time he went to a
12、broad, he was fourteen.二) 地点状语从句连词有：where , wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere.e.g. You had better put the book back where you took it .Where there is a will，there is a way.Wherever you go, I go too.You can go anywhere you like.注意区别 where 引导的定语从句.Just stay where you are and dont move.(状语从句)Just
13、 stay in the place where you are and dont move.(定语从句)三) 原因状语从句连词有：because, since, as, now that , not thatbut that，forthe reason that, in that 等。1. 在这几个引导词中， because 语气较强，常用来表示直接原因，可回答 why 提出的问题，as 语气较弱，常译为“由于 ”，since 和 now that 语气最弱，常译为“既然” ，as，since 和 now that 都不能用来回答 why 提出的问题。e.gHe did not come t
14、o school today because he was ill.Since you are here ，you had better stay.Now that you are all here，lets begin the meeting.The woman felt a bit worried， not that she had been out too long ，but that her children were waiting for her at home.2. for 引导一个句子表示原因时在语法上不属于原因状语从句，而属于并列句，for 在句中是并列连词，表示对前句内容进
15、行补充说明。e.gYou had better put on your coat，for it is rather cold outside.3. 原因状语从句不能与表示结果的并列连词 so 连用。如 so 不可与 because, as, since 等表示原因从属连词一起使用。As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. 如不能说：As it was hot, so he turned on he electric fan. 而应该说：As it was hot ，he turned on the electric f
16、an . 或者 ：It was hot ，so he turned on the electric fan.四) 条件状语从句连词有：if, unless（= if not ） so (as)long as, supposed/supposing（假如，假设）/provided/ providing（如果）+(that)，on condition that（如果）, in case (万一) ，once（既然）等。e.g. If you do not hurry，you will be late again 。You can not catch up with your classmates
17、unless you study harder。Suppose/Supposing I see him , what should I tell him？What should I tell him, supposing I see him？You can take the book now on condition that you return it in time tomorrow.We can let you live in this room provided / providing (that) you keep it clean and tidy.We can surely le
18、arn to speak English well as long as we practise speaking it every day.注：条件状语从句还可分为真实条件句和虚拟条件句，试比较：egWe will go swimming if the weather is fine tomorrow。If I were a student now，I would spend all my spare time reading. 10 级语法讲稿-状语从句Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.44在 if, when , until,
19、 as soon as, unless, the moment, before, once 等引导的表示时间和条件的状语从句中，要用一般现在时表示将来。Lets wait until/ till the bus stops.He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.五) 让步状语从句连词有：though, although, as, even though, even if, no matter+疑问词, however, whatever, whetheror ( not)e.gWe shall try to finish t
20、he work by Friday though/although time is short.I refuse to see him even if / though he is here.No matter how pure the water looks，I do not want to drink it.I want to marry the man I love，whoever he may be.1. no matter what（who，which，when ，etc。 ）与whatever（whoever，whichever，wheneveretc.）的区别：当引导让步状语从句
21、时，两者相同，可以互换，但当引导名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）时则只能用whatever（whoever，whichever，whenever，etc ） 。如上面最后两个例句可改为：However pure the water looks，I do not want to drink it.I want to marry the man I love， no matter who he may be.下面两句不能用 no matter 结构:Whoever comes back first is supposed to win the prize. (主语从句)I a
22、m ready to do whatever you want me to .（宾语从句）2. as 引导让步状语从句的用法：引导让步状语从句时，as 意为“虽然，尽管” ，通常从句要倒装，倒装的方法是将从句的表语或状语放在 as 之前，而用 though 引导让步状语从句时则不必倒装（口语中也可倒装） 。e.g. Young as the boy is ,he knows a lot of things.Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.注意：倒装时如若有带冠词的名词，冠词需要省去。Child as
23、he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.3. 用 though/although, as 引导让步状语从句时，句中不能用 but 表示转折语气。但可与yet 连用不能说：Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.而要说：Though he looks weak, he is healthy.或者说：He looks weak, but he is healthy.Although she had never been to Mexico, (yet) she had learned a lot abou
24、t it.六) 方式状语从句连词有：as（按照,如同） ，as if 或 as though（仿佛,好象）引导。e.g. The students did everything as their teacher told them。It looks as if it is going to rain.当表示与事实相反时 as if（as though ）引导的从句中用虚拟语气。试比较：He talks as if he knew everything.他说得来什么都知道。( 其实他可能什么都不知道)七) 目的状语从句连词有：so that, in order that , so that，th
25、at 这类状语从句中谓语动词多用“may（might）+动词原形”或“can（could）+动词原形” 。He worked very hard so that /in order that he could pass all the examinations。Please speak louder so that / in order that we can hear you clearly。注：so that 引导的目的状语从句只能在主句之后，而 in order that 引导的从句既可放在主10 级语法讲稿-状语从句Dont trouble trouble until trouble
26、troubles you.55句之后，也可放在主句之前。如上面第一句还可改为: In order that he could pass all the examinations, he worked very hard.八) 结果状语从句连词有：sothat, such that, so thate.g. The poor girl had little money with her so that she could not buy the comb.The problem is so difficult that nobody in the class can work it out. s
27、othat 和 suchthat 的区别：1. so 是副词，它修饰的中心词必须是形容词或副词，担任状语成分，such 是形容词，它修饰的中心词必须是名词，担任定语成分。试比较:He made such rapid progress in English that his teacher praised him in class.(句中 such 修饰名词 progress.)His English pronunciation is so good that everyone in the class admires him.(句中 so 修饰形容词 good)2. 当修饰的名词是可数名词单数
28、时，既可以用表 suchthat 示，也可以 sothat 表示，但语序不同。试比较:Jim is such a naughty boy that few people in the class like him.也可以说：Jim is so naughty a boy that few people like him .It was such a fine day that they decided to go swimming.也可以说：It was so fine a day that they decided to go swimming .但形容词修饰不可数名词时，只用 suchth
29、at 结构。如上面句子中的 day 改为 weather，则只能说:It was such fine weather that they decided to go swimming.3.如果名词前有 many, much, few, little 等词修饰时，结果状语从句只能 sothat 结构。e.g. Mrs. White received so little education that she could not take the job.He has experienced so many failures that this trouble can not stop him go
30、ing on with the experiment.4. so that 引导目的状语从句和引导结果状语从句的区别：前面说过，so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示“为了，以便”等意，从句中通常用情态动词 may/might 或 could 等，而引导结果状语从句时，表示“结果是，结果”等意，从句中对情态动词没有要求。试比较：He had little time to review his lessons so that he failed in the final examination 。He worked very hard to review his lessons so that he could pass all the final examinations。九) 比较状语从句连词有：than, as as , the more the more, not so/asas从句中常省略与主句相同的部分。e.g. The earth is bigger than the moon (is), but smaller than the sun (is).She looks prettier than ever。The project was completed as early as we had expected。
