1、 1Unit 14 Careers(B)(对应学生用书第 287 页).阅读理解(2017甘肃省兰州市高考诊断考试)We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively.We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and proving an idea，or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes pla
2、ce in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive.Conditioned as we are to passive learning，its not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and coworkers.Unfortunately，passive learning has a serious problem.It
3、 makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay(传闻)and rumor.Did you ever play the game Rumor？It begins when one person writes down a message but doesnt show it to anyone.Then the person whispers it，word for word，to another person.That person，in turn，whispers it to
4、 still another，and so on， through all the people playing the game.The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it.Then the two written statements are compared.Typically，the original message has changed.Thats what happens in daily life.The simple fact that people repeat a
5、story in their own words changes the story. Then，too，most people listen imperfectly.And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story，trying to improve on it，stamping it with their own personal style.Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors：
6、A statement of opinions by one writer may be restated as the fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another；and this process may continue，unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon thos
7、e facts.【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述了被动学习所产生的负面作用，即引发谣言。1According to the passage，active learning may occur in 2Areading scientific journalsBlistening to the teacher in classCdoing a chemical experimentDwatching news programmes on TVC 考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“We achieve it actively by direct experience，by testing and provi
8、ng an idea，or by reasoning”并结合选项可推知，做化学实验属于主动学习，故选 C。2What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?Aclassroom BnewspaperCactive learning Dpassive learningD 考查代词指代。根据第二段的整体内容，尤其是关键词 passively 可推知，本段主要讲的是被动学习；再结合第二段最后一句可推知，it 指的是本段的核心话题passive learning，故选 D。3The game Rumor is mentioned in
9、Paragraph 4 in order to tell readers that Aplaying games can make people more activeBpeople tend to like telling lies when playing gamesCa message may be changed when being passed onDpeople may have problems with their sense of hearingC 考查推理判断。根据第五段第二句“The simple fact that people repeat a story in t
10、heir own words changes the story”可推知，第四段讲述谣言游戏是为了告诉人们信息在传递的过程中会发生改变，初始信息与最终信息甚至有时候会差异很大，于是谣言就产生了。干扰项分析 A 项错在玩游戏会让人们更积极，文章中并没有提到；B 项错在人们在玩游戏时喜欢撒谎，第四段讲的不是撒谎，而是信息在传递中发生了改变；D 项错在人们听觉有问题，人们在听的过程中有了自己的理解，并不是听力障碍，故排除。4What can be inferred from the text?AScholars and authors cant be trusted.BPassive learnin
11、g may not be reliable.CPeople like spreading rumor in daily life.DActive learning is more important than passive learning.B 考查推理判断。根据第三段第二句“It makes us tend to accept what we are 3told even when it is little more than hearsay(传闻)and rumor”和最后几段的整体内容可推知，被动学习可能不是那么可靠，以至于有了传闻或谣言的产生，故选B。.阅读七选五(2017豫南六校评
12、估)You may have grown up living with sisters and brothers，or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. 1 However， it can also be a great part of your college experience.Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout t
13、he year.Be clear from the beginning.Maybe you hate it when someone interrupts you when you are sleeping every morning.Maybe you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up. 2 Its not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away，and communicating what you need i
14、s one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.3 This may seem simple，but its probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflicts.Dont you think hell mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game？For all you know，you just stepped over the line.Don
15、t borrow，use，or take anything without getting permission first.Be open to change.You should expect to learn and grow and change during your time at school. 4 As the term progresses，realize things will change for both of you.Be comfortable settling things that unexpectedly come up，setting new rules，a
16、nd being flexible to your changing environment.Follow the golden rule.5 No matter what your relationship is at the end of the year，you can take comfort in knowing you acted like an adult and treated your roommate with respect.ARespect your roommates things.BLet your roommate know about your preferen
17、ces.CTreat your roommate like youd like to be treated.4DLiving with a roommate is really a wonderful thing.EHaving a roommate surely has its challenges.FYou should correct your bad habits first.GAnd the same should happen to your roommate，if all goes well.【语篇解读】 本文介绍了如何和大学室友保持良好的关系。1E 设空前提到这可能是你第一次和
18、别人分享自己的生活空间，空后的 However 表示转折，提到这可能也是你大学经历中很棒的一部分，因此，E 项(有一个室友一定会有挑战)符合语境。2B 根据本段标题 Be clear from the beginning.(从一开始就要说清楚)及设空后的communicating what you need is one of the best ways 可知，与室友交流你的需求是处理问题的最好方式，故 B 项(让室友了解你的偏好 )符合语境。3A 根据设空下的 borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game 以及 Dont borrow，use，or tak
19、e anything without getting permission first.可判断出，使用室友的东西前要得到允许。故 A 项(尊重室友的东西 )符合语境。4G 根据此段的标题 Be open to change.可知，要乐于接受改变；再根据设空后的things will change for both of you 可知，同样的情况也会发生在你室友身上。故G 项符合语境。5C 根据设空后的.you can take comfort in knowing.and treated your roommate with respect.可知，如果你能像一个成年人一样，尊重室友，你会感到欣
20、慰。故 C 项(像你想被对待的那样去对待你的室友)符合语境。 .语法填空(2017河北衡水中学大联考)How do native speakers truly feel when speaking with nonnative English speakers？It seems that 1 (break)English annoys them.However，they keep being really nice when speaking with nonnative speakers.I wonder how they really feel when doing so.I think
21、it would depend 2 the native English speakers.Some people are just 3 (easy)annoyed.Personally，I study Spanish.When I hear someone 4 (attempt)English，I am patient with them because I know 5 difficult it is to talk in a nonnative tongue.I also know English is very difficult 6 (learn)，and that increase
22、s my respect for their efforts.Im a patient person by nature.The situation matters too.If I were waiting 7 (table)on a super crowded 5day and really 8 (need)to do about a dozen different things，I might become upset at having to wait for someone to struggle while ordering his meal.There also exists t
23、he 9 (possible)that what is considered as annoyance is not true annoyance.I might frown(皱眉)while listening to a nonnative speaker， 10 that would be because I am concentrating and listening hard to understand him.It wouldnt mean Im at all annoyed.【语篇解读】 当一个母语是英语的人听到一个人说着蹩脚的英语时是什么感受？厌烦还是耐心倾听？本文就此问题进行了
24、讨论。1broken 考查词性转换。句意：似乎蹩脚的英语让他们感到厌烦。修饰名词用形容词，故填动词 break 的形容词形式 broken，意为“蹩脚的；不流利的 ”。2on/upon 考查介词。句意：我认为这要取决于英语为母语的人。depend on/upon 是固定搭配，意为“依赖；取决于” 。故填 on/upon。3easily 考查词性转换。句意：有些人就是容易生气。设空处修饰动词，要用副词，故填 easily。4attempting 考查非谓语动词。句意：当我听到有人努力说英语时，我很耐心是因为我知道用非母语交流是多么不容易。此处为“hear宾语宾补 ”结构，attempt 与宾语之
25、间为逻辑上的主动关系，且此处指听到有人正在努力说英语，故用现在分词作宾补。故填 attempting。5how 考查宾语从句。句意见上一题解析。此处为感叹句用作宾语从句，用于加强语气。设空处修饰形容词 difficult，故填 how。6to learn 考查非谓语动词。句意：我也知道英语很难学，那增加了我对他们的努力的尊重。在“it is adj.to do.”句型中，it 是形式主语，动词不定式 (短语)作真正的主语，故填 to learn。7tables 考查名词单复数。句意：如果我正在人超级多的一天招待顾客，且真的需要做很多件不同的事情，我可能会因不得不等待在点餐时纠结不已的人而感到心
26、烦意乱。wait tables 是固定短语，意为“招待顾客” 。故填 tables。8needed 考查动词的时态。句意见上一题解析。根据并列连词 and 可知，前后时态应该一致，故填过去式 needed。9possibility 考查词性转换。句意：也存在这样的可能性，有些烦恼不是真的烦恼。定冠词 the 后接名词形式，且根据谓语动词 exists 可知，应填形容词 possible 的名词形式 possibility。10but/yet 考查连词。句意：听非母语的讲话者说话时，我可能紧皱着眉头，但那是6因为我在聚精会神地努力去听懂他。根据句意可知，前后文是转折关系。故填but/yet。 【
27、导学号：33220184】.短文改错(2017湖南长郡中学模拟)Last summer，I got a parttime job as a waiter.I worked hard and very helpful.Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer liked me.One day，a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant.I was happy to have a chance to practice their spoken En
28、glish.I went up to greet them warm.After I took their order，I told them their food will be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly.After heard my words，a look of displeasure appeared on the wifes face.Seeing my confusing look，her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the desc
29、ription “old”I apologized to them but realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.【答案】 Last summer，I got a parttime job as a waiter.I worked hard and very washelpful.Everyone in restaurant including some regular liked athe customercustomersme.One day，a foreign couple in their fifties ent
30、ered the restaurant.I was intohappy to have a chance to practice spoken English.I went up to greet them theirmy.After I took their order，I told them their food be served quickly warmwarmly willwouldbecause we Chinese respect the elderly.After my words，a look of heardhearingdispleasure appeared on th
31、e wifes face.Seeing my look，her husband confusingconfusedexplained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”I apologized to them realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.butand第一处：在 very 前加 was 考查系动词。helpful 意为“乐于助人的” ，and 连接两个并列的谓语，根据 and 前的 worked 可知，应在 very 前加 was。第二处：ath
32、e 考查冠词。前面提到自己做服务员，所以 restaurant 特指自己工作的那家餐馆，其前应用定冠词 the。故将 a 改为 the。7第三处：customercustomers 考查名词。customer 意为“顾客” ，为可数名词，其前有some 修饰，因此应用复数形式。故将 customer 改为 customers。第四处：删除 into 考查介词。enter 意为“进入” ，根据语境可知此处不与 into 连用。故将 into 删除。第五处：theirmy 考查代词。主语是 I，此处指“我很高兴有机会练习一下我的英语口语” 。故将 their 改为 my。第六处：warmwarml
33、y 考查副词。修饰动词 greet 应用副词。故将 warm 改为 warmly。第七处：willwould 考查时态。根据主句谓语动词 told 可知，从句应用一般过去时。故将 will 改为 would。第八处：heardhearing 考查非谓语动词。after 为介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。故将 heard 改为 hearing。第九处：confusingconfused 考查形容词。作者看到那位妻子的脸上显露出不高兴的表情感到困惑不解，此处形容作者，应用 confused，意为“感到困惑的” 。故将confusing 改为 confused。第十处：butand 考查连词。句意为：我向他们道歉并且意识到了了解文化差异的重要性。realized 和前面的 apologized 是并列谓语，应用连词 and 连接。故将 but 改为 and 。 【导学号：33220185】
