1、 1Unit 3 The world of colours and light.阅读理解A【导学号：31670236】(2017 年重庆市重点中学协作体高考适应性考试)Have you heard of the following people？Maybe yes，maybe no.But they may be an inspiration for you.The Tree LadyKate Sessions was an American botanist and landscape architect closely associated with San Diego，Californi
2、a.After becoming the first woman to graduate from the University of California，Berkeley，she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego.Kate decided that San Diego needed trees more than anything else.Therefore this young woman singlehandedly started a movement transforming
3、 the town into the leafy，gardenfilled place as it is today.The Snowflake(雪花) ManWilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes.His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes began from his boyhood and was often misunderstood in his time，but his determination revealed two import
4、ant truths：no two snowflakes are alike；and each one is surprisingly beautiful.In 1931，he worked with William JHumphreys of the US.Weather Bureau to publish Snow Crystals，a book containing 2，500 photographs.The Father of His CountryBy the late 1760s，George Washington had experienced firsthand the eff
5、ects of rising taxes imposed(征收 ) on American colonists by the British，and came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England.During the American War of Independence，he led the colonial forces to victory.In 1787，he was elected president of the Con
6、vention that wrote the US.Constitution.Two years later，Washington became Americas first president.His retirement from office after two terms established a tradition that lasted until 1940，when Freaklin Delano Roosevelt won a third term.The 22nd Amendment(1951) now limits the president to two elected
7、 terms.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了三位鼓舞人心的名人。21Who made a great contribution to beautifying an area?AGeorge Washington.BWilson Bentley.CKate Sessions.DWilliam JHumphreys.C 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“she took a job as a teacher far south in the dry desert town of San Diego”“this young woman singlehandedly started a mov
8、ement transforming the town into the leafy，gardenfilled place as it is today”可知，Kate Sessions 在将圣地亚哥的一个荒漠小镇变成宜人的地方上面做出了巨大贡献。故选 C。2What is Wilson Bentley famous for?AHis creative ideas to publish books.BHis persistence in photographing snowflakes.CHis courage to fight against prejudice.DHis devotion
9、to teaching kids scientific truths.B 考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容尤其是“Wilson Bentley is one of the first known photographers of snowflakes.His enthusiasm for taking photos of snowflakes.”可知，Wilson Bentley 以坚持拍摄雪花而出名。故选 B。3What does the author say about George Washington?AHe was a national hero.BHe was born into a
10、 poor family.CHe became Americas president in 1787.DHe served three terms as the President of America.A 考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“came to believe that it was in the best interests of the colonists to declare independence from England.During the American War of Independence，he led the colonial forces to victory
11、”可知，他开始意识到宣布从英国独立对殖民地定居者最有利。美国独立战争期间，他带领殖民地的武装力量获得了胜利，即美国获得了独立，由此可推知，他是美国的民族英雄。B(2017 年海口调研)Volunteering Is Fun3One afternoon I was sitting at home feeling so bored.Instead of feeling sorry for myself.I wanted to meet people and have new experiences so I decided to start volunteering.I searched on m
12、y computer and found a website where I could volunteer on a farm in France.My time working on a farm was a new experience for me.It was basically a free holiday as food and accommodation were provided.However，it was not your typical holiday as I had to look after fifteen horses and sleep at the top
13、of a tower in a castle！I was an awful farmer but it did not matter because I made some great friends.However，you do not need to go abroad to volunteer.I have had plenty of adventures at home as volunteering can become a hobby.For example，I love singing so I had a good laugh waving my arms in an atte
14、mpt to conduct my local choir.I did slowly improve and it felt great to conduct the choir in a concert.At university，I organised a concert for charity with my friends.It was really fun finding bands and raising money for a cause we believe in.It is true that you feel good volunteering but there are
15、also other advantages.I once volunteered as a server at a charity sports event where the organizers gave me cupcakes to thank me for my services.I also volunteered in a charity shop so I found loads of nice cheap clothes to update my wardrobe(衣柜)While this is all fun，my favourite aspect of volunteer
16、ing is creating and sharing stories.My terrible attempts at farming have given me hilarious stories to tell！Talking to volunteers from different countries and backgrounds has also helped me learn more about the world.I feel thankful to have had so much fun with many nice people thanks to volunteerin
17、g.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者认为做志愿者很有趣，并生动地描绘了他的几次志愿者经历，最后指出在做志愿者的同时，自己还收获了其他的很多东西，感激之情油然而生。4Why did the author want to volunteer?AHe wanted to go abroad.BHe felt ashamed of himself.CHe wanted to taste new life and make friends.4DHe wanted to be a farmer.C 考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句可知，作者找到一份在法国的一个农场做志愿者的工作，A 项说作者自己想出国，
18、故排除；B 项中的“felt ashamed”与第一段的第二句中的“Instead of feeling sorry”不符；作者找的志愿者工作是在农场，但并非他本人想做农民，D 项错误。C 项中的“taste new life”和第一段的第二句中的“have new experiences”意思一致， “make friends”和关键句中的“meet people”意思一致。故选 C。5The underlined word“hilarious”in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to“ ”Asad BfunnyCawful Dcritic
19、alB 考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在段可知，作者当志愿者最喜欢的部分就是讲故事，他在农场的经历给予了他讲有趣故事的源泉。同时和不同国家和背景的志愿者交谈也帮助作者更多地了解了世界。由此可推知，hilarious 应与 funny 意思相近。故选B。6The author did many volunteering work except Ataking care of horses and sheepBconducting a choir in a concertChelping in a charity sports eventDhelping in a charity shopA 考查细节
20、理解。根据第二段第三句可知，作者是照看十五匹马，并没有羊。故选A。7How does the author feel according to the last paragraph?ACurious. BAnxious.CCautions. DGrateful.D 考查细节理解。最后一段最后一句中的“thankful”和 D 项中的“grateful”意思都是“感激的” 。A 项意为“好奇的” ；B 项意为“焦急的” ；C 项意为“谨慎的” 。故选 D。C(2017 年广东七校联合体高三第二次联考)Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you
21、 get to school？Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously 5considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at allyes，that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons！Why would anyone even think of
22、 putting kids to such cruelty？Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity.While that may seem a little farfetched(牵强的) the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree.Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas，who recently
23、completed a weeklong experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools.The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided with a device that helped record the step count and calorie consumption over the entire period.All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that
24、 students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better，when allowed to stand.The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades.They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being aske
25、d to“sit still”，older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom.American schools are not the only ones reporting success with standup desks.Four Catholic schools in Perth，Australia， which have been testing them since October 2013，have seen similar results.In May 2014，Grove House P
26、rimary School in Bradford，West Yorkshire，became Europes first test one，with a sevenweek trial that involved the use of desks made by Ergotron in their fifthgrade classrooms.While official results are not out yet，early reactions from both teachers and students have been extremely encouraging.The find
27、ings of these studies and others done previously all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a winwin for students and teachersit helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，让学生站着上课对老师和学生来说是双赢的。8The students may be unhappy
28、 because Athey have to exchange desks with each other6Bthe officials show no sympathy to them at allCthere are no seats for them to sit in classDthey have to exchange traditional desks for ones with no seatsC 考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are ser
29、iously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at allyes，that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons”可知，学生感到不高兴的原因是教室没有座位坐，他们要站着上课。故选 C项。9Older students may not like standup desks because Athey are cleverer than younger s
30、tudentsBthey are easily tired of standing longCthey have formed the habit of sittingDthey do badly in class while standingC 考查细节理解。根据第三段的最后一句“They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years of being asked tosit still，older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpecte
31、d freedom”可知，年龄大的孩子们由于多年坐着的习惯，所以可能不喜欢站着上课。故选 C。10What is most likely to be the result of the sevenweek trial?AThe standing desks cant be used at all.BIt is good for students to use standup desks.CMore tests should be done in other schools.DThe students are different in personality.B 考查推理判断。根据第四段的“ea
32、rly reactions from both teachers and students have been extremely encouraging”和笫五段的“allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a winwin for students and teachersit helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience”可知，这些研究和之前的研究发现，让学生在教室走动对老师和学生来说是双赢的。据此可以判断，站着上课对学生有好处，故
33、 B 项正确。11Why do the teachers like the standing desks?ABecause the educators can draw the students attention.7BBecause the teachers can keep the students healthy.CBecause the students can have a walk in the classroom.DBecause the standing desks can keep the students concentrated.D 考查细节理解。根据第三段的“All 2
34、5 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better，when allowed to stand”可知，老师们喜欢这种桌子是因为学生们上课更专心，注意力更集中。故选 D。D【导学号：31670237】(2017 年长春七校第一次联考)There is a popular saying in the English language：“Sticks and stones may break my bones，but words will ne
35、ver hurt me.”Well，that is not true.Unkind words， namecalling or even the socalled“the silent treatment”can hurt children as much as being physically hit，sometimes even more so.A recent study of middle school children showed that verbal(言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the brain.T
36、he study was a project of researchers at Harvard Medical school in Massachusetts.Researcher Martin Teicher and his team studied young adults，aged 18 to 25.These young men and women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents.The researchers asked the young people to rate the
37、ir childhood exposure to verbal abuse from both parents and other children.Then the researchers performed imaging tests on the brains of the subjects.The images showed that the people who reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school had underdeveloped connections between the left and
38、right side of the brain.The two sides of the brain are connected by a large bundle of connecting fibers called the corpus callosum.This was the area that was underdeveloped.The middle school years are a time when these brain connections are developing.So，unkind，hurtful comments from children or adul
39、ts during this period have the greatest effect.The researchers tested the mental and emotional condition of all the young people in the study.The tests showed that this same group of people had higher levels of fear，depression ，anger and drug abuse 8than others in the study.The researchers published
40、 their findings online on the American Journal of Psychiatrys website.Parents cannot control what other people say to their children，but they can prepare their children.【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现，语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接，对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响。12Why does the author use the popular saying at the beginning?ATo sho
41、w the power of words.BTo introduce an opposite view.CTo prove the authors argument.DTo show ancient peoples wisdom.B 考查作者意图。引用名人名言、谚语等是文章开篇的常见写作方式，且大多用来引出文章的话题。但是根据此谚语后面的“Well，that is not true.Unkind words，namecalling or even the socalledthe silent treatmentcan hurt children as much as being physica
42、lly hit，sometimes even more so”可知，本文引用这个谚语恰恰是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点，故选 B。13What did the subjects have in common?AThey were hurt by unkind words.BThey performed poorly in imaging tests.CThey had their brain slightly damaged.DThey experienced no physical abuse at home.D 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“These young men and
43、women had not ever been treated in a cruel or violent way by their parents”可知，这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待，也就是说，他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待。故选 D。干扰项分析 部分学生会误选 A 项，原因在于学生看到了第三段中的“reported suffering verbal abuse from peers in middle school”而误认为所有的实验对象都遭受过语言暴力，但是根据前面的“the people who”可知，并非所有实验对象都遭受过语言暴力。14What will be d
44、iscussed in the next paragraph?AComments on the findings.9BApproaches to further studies.CSuggestions to parents.DDifferent opinions on the matter.C 考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段“Parents cannot control what other people say to their children，but they can prepare their children”可知，作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好
45、准备，使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议。故选 C。15What is the main idea of the passage?AThe way we speak matters.BVerbal violence should be stopped.CUnkind words hurt the brain.DWords are worse than sticks and stones.C 考查主旨要义。文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响，再根据文中的“verbal(言语的) abuse by other children can harm development in the
46、brain”可以看出，其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面。故选 C。.阅读七选五(2017 年甘肃兰州市高考诊断)What makes people successful？Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful，you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.It is evident that successful peopl
47、e take initiative(主动性)When they find something needs to be done，they never hesitate to do it. 1 They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure，thus strengthening their reputation.Successful people do things with great enthusiasm，especially when they believe in what they are
48、doing.They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. 2 They do not fear failure.Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. 3 Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each
49、 failure.They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.10Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but its really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. 4 By giving respect to others，they command respect for themselves.5 Its better to praise others and win favor with them.So instead of complaini
