1、直接引语与间接引语,Gaoliuchuzhong,qingzhoushandong Sunxiuqin,Review,宾 语 从 句,引导词,语序：,时态：,that,if/whether,疑问词,陈述语序,主句为现在时态，从句可以是需要的任何时态,主句为过去时态，从句应使用相应的过去的时态。,从句如果描述的是客观真理、科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态。,陈述句,一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you te
2、ll me?3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come back. Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to go skiing.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that
3、he would come back.,直接引语与间接引语 （Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）,1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫,“直接引语”。,B.用自己的话转述别人的话，叫,“间接引语”。,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。,2.例如：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）,John said， “I like reading story books.”,约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）,John said that he liked reading story books。,Next page,Last
4、 page,直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类：,1）直接引语为陈述句,2）直接引语为疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）,3）直接引语为祈使句,直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时， 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say, 也可用tell来代替，注意，可以说say that, tell sb. that，不可直接说tell that,陈述句,e.g. He often says,“China is great.” He often says (that) China is great. Tom says,“I am a student.” Tom says
5、 (that) he is a student.,He says,“I leave my book in your room” He said (that) he left his book in your room.,）人称的变化,一 随 主,二随宾,三 不 变,引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致,引号内的第三人 称在变间引后人 称不变,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that sheliked tennis,He said to Lily, “ you must get up
6、 early”,He told Lily thatshe must get upearly,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that That they wanted help him,一随主，二随宾，三不变,Practice:1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.”He said _brother had failed in the exam.2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?”he asked Mary how _
7、mother was then.3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,his,her,she,he,her,my,1.“ We want you to take a message for her.“ said the Greens.,The Greens told me that wanted
8、 to take a message for .,2.“Are you willing to lend us a hand?“ she said to him.,She asked him whether was willing to lend a hand.,2) 时态的变化,He says, I will do it tomorrow” He says that he will do it tomorrow.,如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态无需变化,如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时，从句的时态要做出相应的改变,一般现在时,一般过去时,现
9、在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去完成时,不变,一般将来时,过去将来时,1.“ I am ill today.” said my mother.,My mother said that she ill that day.,2.“We work hard at English.” he said.,was,He said that they hard at English.,worked,1.They said to me, “We are working hard at a company.”,They told me that they at a co
10、mpany.,were working,2.“I am writing a letter now.”she said.,She said that she a letter then.,was writing,Practice : . John said, “I like reading adventure stories. ” John said that he _ reading adventure stories. She said to me, “I broke your CD player. ”She told me that she _ my CD player. He said,
11、 “Ill come here this morning.”He said he_ go there that morning. He says, “I have finished my homework.” He says that he _ his homework. . He said, “they are playing games over there?” He said that they_ playing games over there.,liked,had broken,would,had finished,were,直接引语中的时间状语转换规则：,直接引语中动词come在间
12、接引语中用go:,直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there：,直接引语中的指示代词转换规则： this变为that; these变为those 本来就是that/those则不变。,一般疑问句,He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I w
13、as interested in English.,间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask ，语序要变为陈述语序,He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. “Is he all right?”They cried out. The
14、y cried out whether he was all right.,注意：大多数情况下，if ,whether 可以互换，但句中出现or (not),或放在介词后作连接词，只用whether。,特殊疑问句,He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our co
15、untry.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,直接引语是祈使句，则改为 tell/order/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 其他变化同上。,祈使句,He said, “Please come here tomorrow.”The teacher said, “Dont talk any more.”,He asked me to go there the next day.,The teacher told us not to talk any more.,He says,“Is Tom a student or
16、 a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a student or a teacher. He asked me, “Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” My sister asked me what my friend was. Jack asked me, “How do you like the film?“ Jack asked me how I
17、 liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The solider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.”
18、 He often tells me that he will tell me about them.,注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.” He said that light travels much faster than sound. “A friend in need is a friend indeed,”Mother said to me. Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(
19、2) 如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterdaytomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。,直接引语转为间接引语时，下列情况下时态不变,注意：,. 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时，变间接引语时时态不变. 当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时，谓语动词时态不需改变,1.Our teacher said, “ Light travels much faster than sound.”,Our teacher said that light _ much faster than sound.,travels,2.“I gradua
20、ted in 1966.”My brother said.,My brother said that he in 1966.,graduated,1.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.”2. My father said to me, “I was born in 1961.”,The teacher told the students that the earth is round.,My father told me that he was born in 1961.,1. “What does this word
21、mean?” she asked me.,She asked me what word meant.,that,2. “Can you see that map on the wall?” he asked me.,He asked me if I could see map on the wall.,that,3. “Do you like these toys?” Jane asked us.,Jane asked us if we liked toys.,those,4. “Bring those balls to me.” said my sister.,My sister asked
22、 us to bring balls to her.,those,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter a
23、sked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worrie
24、d _. A. he lookstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “
25、I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _. I had walkedthat week he had walkedthat week I walkedlast week he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he shou
26、ldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _. A. that he heard
27、a week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack s
28、aid to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,Thank you!Bye-Bye!,
