1、Affixation 词缀法 Derivation 派生法,_ is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems. Words formed in this way are called,Affixation,derivatives(派生词),Prefixation 前缀法,The formation of words by adding prefixes to stems.,Negative prefixes否定前缀,Symmetry a
2、symmetry Theism atheism Order disorder Noble ignoble Violent nonviolent Real unreal,Pejorative prefixes表示贬义的前缀,Rule misrule Function malfunction Science pseudoscience,Class-changing prefixes 改变词性的前缀,Sleep asleep Large enlarge Worm deworm Earth unearth Friend befriend,September October November Decem
3、ber,?,Augustus奥古斯都大帝August,Julius Caesar 凯撒大帝July,一月 Januarius 名字来自古罗马神话的神雅努斯Janus。 二月 Februarius 名字来自古罗马的节日Februa。 三月 Martius 名字来自古罗马神话的战神玛尔斯。 四月 Aprilis 名字来自古罗马的词aperire，意思为“开始”，意味着春天开始。 五月 Maius 名字来自古罗马神话的花神玛亚。 六月 Junius 名字来自古罗马共和国的创始人Junius。 七月 原名Quintilis，后改Julius。古罗马历只有10个月，这是第五月，原名是“第五”的意思，因为
4、恺撒是这月出生的，经 元老院一致通过，将此月改为恺撒的名字“儒略”。 八月 原名Sextilis 后改Augustus。原名是“第六”的意思，因为后来独裁者屋大维是生于此月，元老院将此月改为他的称号“奥古斯都” 。 九月 September 拉丁语“第七”的意思。 十月 October 拉丁语“第八”的意思。 十一月 Novembris 拉丁语“第九”的意思。 十二月 December 拉丁语“第十”的意思。,On the first day of the new millennium, I went to the show with my sister and her quintuplets
5、. In the hexangular building, the five look-exactly-the-same girls attracted twice as much attention as the amphibians, octopuses, unicorns, centipedes, hemipterans and other strange-looking creatures.,Classwork: Put the passage into Chinese,Suffixation 后缀法,Suffixation is the formation of new words
6、by adding suffixes to stems. The primary function of suffixes is to change the grammatical function of roots.,Noun suffixes 名词后缀,eer, (engineer, profiteer) ess, (hostess, priestess ) ette, (cigarette, kitchenette) let, (booklet, leaflet) age, (mileage, wastage) dom, (kingdom, officialdom) ery, (slav
7、ery, machinery) hood, (childhood, manhood) ing, (farming) ism, (terrorism) ship, (friendship, sportsmanship),Denominal nouns (suffixes)与名词结合的名词后缀,ant, (assistant, informant) ee, (employee, trainee) ent, (respondent, dependent) er,or, (worker, translator, ) al, (dismissal, survival) ance, (attendance
8、, performance )tion, sion, (protection, decision) ence, (existence, correspondence) ment, (movement, judgement),Deverbal nouns与动词结合的名词后缀,ity, (popularity, activity) ness, (happiness, largeness) ese, (Japanese, Lebanese) an, (Australian, Elizabethan) ist, (socialist, violinist),De-adjective nouns与形容词
9、结合的名词后缀,Noun and adjective suffixes构成名词和形容词的后缀,Turn the following into verbs,Horror origin Memory apology False sterile Length intense Beauty fat Sympathy memory,Types of suffixes,Adjective suffixes 形容词后缀 ed, ful, ish, less, like, ly, y; able, iveAdverb suffixes 副词后缀 ly, ward, wiseVerb suffixes 动词后缀 ate, en, fy, ize,Actors, actresses, Australia, Australian,You look gorgeous.,gorgeousgorge+ous: splended, very beautiful 极其漂亮的, 辉煌灿烂的gorge: 咽喉, 峡谷 gorget: (中世纪妇女用于包住颈或头部的)头巾,披巾 engorge: 狼吞虎咽 Three Gorges 三峡,
