1、四级听力常见的场所、关系、职业词汇总结：大学 University常见关系：classmates ，professor v. s. student常用词汇：admission 录取 registration 注册 registrar 注册主任，登记员curriculum 课程 course 课程 selective courses 选修课required courses 必修课 major 主修，专业 minor 辅修lecture 上课，讲座 presentation 课堂演示，陈述 slide 幻灯片seminar 研讨会，小组讨论 team work 团队活动 assignment 作业
2、paper 论文 term paper 期末论文 project 项目mid-term exam 期中考试 final exam 期末考试 deadline 最后期限mark 分数 grade 评分 credit 字分top student 尖子生 Straight As 成绩全优 tuition 学费loan 贷款 fieldwork 实习 college 学院department 系 president 校长 dean 院长，系主任tutor 辅导教师 graduation ceremony 毕业典礼the students union 学生会 wintersummer vacation
3、寒暑假 part-time job 兼职history 历史 biology 生物 philosophy 哲学physics 物理 psychology 心理学 geography 地理学mathematics 数学 geology 地质学 chemistry 化学electronics 电子学 computer science 计算机科学 economics 经济学bachelors degree 学士学位 masters degree 硕士学位 doctors degree 博士学位freshman 一年级新生 sophomore 年级学生 junior 三年级学生senior 四年级学生
4、 auditor 旁听生 scholarship 奖学金cafeteria 自助餐厅 dinning hall 餐厅 dormitorydorm 宿舍live on campus 住校 live off campus 不住校 roommate 室友be hard on sb.对某人苛刻 be strict with 对严格 lag behind 落后come up with 赶上 take the make-up exam 补考 take note 记笔记print out 打印出来 quit school 退学 transfer to another school 转学图书馆 Library
5、常见关系：librarian v.s. reader职业：librarian常用词汇：Bookshelf 书架 stack room 书库 Circulation department 流通部open shelves 开架 closed shelves 闭架 electronic reading room 电子阅览室periodical reading room 期刊阅览室 loan desk 借书处library card 借书卡 readers card 读者卡 borrowers ID 借书证book catalog 目录 index 索引 computer terminal 电脑查询终
6、端periodical 期刊 magazine 杂志 reference book 参考书current issue 现刊 back issue 过刊 journal 学术期刊reserved book 馆藏书 publication 出版物 renew 续借check out 办理借、还手续 overdue 超过期限邮局 Post Office常见关系：postal clerk v.s. customer职业：postal clerk，postman常用词汇：registered letter 挂号信 ordinary letter 平信 postcard 明信片stamp 邮票 comme
7、morative stamps 纪念邮票package 包装，包裹 parcel 包裹 postage 邮资air mail 航空邮件 international shipment 国际邮递mailbox 邮箱 special delivery 专送函 overweight 超重银行 Bank常见关系：Bank clerk v.s. customer职业：bank clerk，cashier，teller，accountant常用词汇：bank account 银行账户 credit card 信用卡 check 支票savings account 储蓄账户 checking account
8、活期账户 passbook 存折teller 出纳员 cashier 收银员 accountant 会计师deposit 存款 bond 债券 cash 现金interest rate 利息率 interest 利息 receipt 收据open an account 开立账户 withdraw money 取钱 make a deposit 存款overdraw 透支饭店 Restaurant常见关系：waiterwaitress v.s. customer职业：waiter，waitress，cook chef常用词汇：table for three 三人的桌子 table around
9、the comer/by the window 靠角落的桌子kitchen 厨房 menu 菜单 order 点菜；所点的菜tip 小费，付小费 well-done 全熟的 tray 托盘paper napkin 餐巾纸 tableware 餐具 chopsticks 筷子fork 叉子 spoon 勺子 knife 餐刀appetizer 开胃品 snack 小吃 specialty 特色菜butter 黄油 cheese 乳酪 salad 沙拉dessert 甜点 main course 主菜 steak 牛排wine 葡萄酒 pudding 布丁 soup 汤Chinese cuisin
10、e 中国菜 sushi 日本寿司 pizza 比萨饼French cuisine 法国菜 Mexican food 墨西哥菜 pasta 意大利而点pay the bill 付帐 go Dutch 各付一半帐 Its my treat 我请客make an reservation 订座位 smoke area 吸烟区旅馆 Hotel常见关系: receptionist v.s. customer职业: hotel attendant, receptionist常用词汇：standard room 标准间 single room 单人房间 double room 双人房间room service
11、 客房服务 reception desk 接待台 lobby 大厅lounge 休息厅 bar 酒吧 bartender 酒吧招待check in 入住 check out 结帐离开旅馆 reserve a room 预订房间医院/诊所 Hospital/Clinic常见关系：doctor/nurse v.s. patient职业: doctor, surgeon, physician, nurse, dentistdentist 牙科医生 physician 内科医生 surgeon 外科医生nurse 护士 appointment 预约 surgery 外科手术accident 事故 di
12、sease 病 fracture 骨折headache 头痛 cough 咳嗽 fever 发烧cold 感冒 flu 牙痛 toothache 牙痛heart attack 心脏病 vomit 呕吐 dizzy 头晕temperature 体温 symptom 病症 weary 疲乏tablet 药片 pill 药丸 capsule 胶囊syrup 糖浆 medical examination 医疗检查 prescription 处方infectious 传染的 injection 针剂 treatment 治疗go to see a doctor 看病 perform an operati
13、on 做手术 be painful in (某处)have an injury take the temperature 量体温 make an appointment 预约cure the disease 治病 get well 恢复 recover 恢复机场和车站 Airport and Railway Station常见关系：air hostess / Taxi driver v.s. passenger职业：air hostess，pilot，Taxi driver常用词汇：airport 机场 flight 航班 ticket agency 售票代理处runway 跑道 pilot
14、飞行员 crew 全体乘务员airliner 客机 direct flight 直航 luggage claim 领行李处boarding gate 登机口 security check 安检处 boarding pass 登机牌passport 护照 first class 一等舱 business class 商务舱economy class 经济舱 take off 起飞 land 着陆train station 火车站 platform 站台 railroad 铁路train schedule 火车时刻表 express train 特快列车 non-stop train 直达列车on
15、e-way ticket 单程票 round-trip ticket 往返票 porter 脚夫drivers license 驾驶执照 traffic lights 交通灯 intersection 十字路口speeding 超速驾驶 traffic jam 交通阻塞 rush hour 高峰时间fare 出租车费 overcharge 超额收费、公司 Company常见关系：bossmanager v.s. staffjob applicant职业：secretary，manager，salesman ，engineer，technician常用词汇：secretary 秘书 sales
16、manager 销售经理 personnel manager 人事经理memo 备忘录 printer 打印机 photocopier 复印机import 进口 export 出口 R&D department 技术研发部vacation 休假 position 职位 salary 薪水salesman 销售员 engineer 工程师 technician 技术员job applicant 求职者 interview 面试 employeestaff 员工 arrange the file 归档文件 send an email 发邮件 send a fax 发传真其他表示职业或身份的词汇ba
17、rber 理发师 storekeeper 店主 baker 面包师plumber 管道 32 carpenter 木匠 weatherman 天气预报员shop assistant 店员 fireman 消防员 telephone operator 电话接线员tailor 裁缝 jeweler 珠宝商 electrician 电工editor 编辑 journalist 记者 writer 作家publisher 出版家 actor 演员 actress 女演员violinist 小提琴家 soloist 独唱演员 musician 音乐家composer 作曲家 conductor 指挥 c
18、omedian 喜剧演员artist 艺术家 sculptor 雕塑家 architect 建筑师athlete 运动员 coach 教练 mayor 市长governor 州长 consultant 顾问 politician 政客2006-12-5 13:39:00homlee5.关系、身份题。短对话中，由于说话人的身份、关系不同，其说话时的用词会有差别，话题也会带有说话人的职业或身份特征。听这类对话时，考生必须能够灵敏捕捉到提示职业、身份等的关键词，通过推理判断对话人的职业、身份和相互关系。这类题相对来说比较容易。例 25 M: Hello, Mrs. White. What can I
19、 do for you?W: I dont know whats the matter with me. Im always feeling tired. Im usually worn out at the end of the day.Q: What do we know about the woman?A) The woman is seeing a doctor.B) The woman is a close friend of the man.C) The woman is tired of her work.D) The woman has been working too har
20、d.这是一道变相考查说话人身份的题。选项是描述情景的句子，但与人物身份有关。一般病人看医生，话题不外乎身体如何不舒服，而且从第一个人打招呼的方式可以看出他并非女士的朋友或亲人。Be worn out 的意思是“疲惫，筋疲力尽”。从女士的诉说中不能看出她是否工作得过于辛苦，也没有反映她对工作看法的信息，因此可以逐个排除 B、C、D 选项。例 26 W: I heard you got a full mark in math exams. Congratulations!M: Thanks! Im sure you also did a good job.Q: Whats the probable
21、 relationship between the two speakers?A) A math teacher and his colleague.B) A teacher and his student.C) A student and his classmate.D) A librarian and a student.二人谈论数学考试成绩，女士听说男士考了满分，特意祝贺，男士也相信女士考得不错。很明显，两人的关系是同学，故选 C。例 27 W: I have a sore throat and often feel dizzy recently.M: Well, let me have
22、 a look. Well, its nothing serious.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A) Teacher and student.B) Waiter and customer.C) Patient and doctor.D) Stewardess and passenger.关系题，第一句是病人看病时最常说的话，第二句有 99的可能性是专业人员说的话，因此两人是病人和医生，故选 C。6.场所题。在不同场所(如餐馆、宾馆、医院、银行、机场等)，人们谈话的内容一般与场所密切关联。此类考题通
23、常会选取比较典型的话题，如地点在医院，对话内容可能是与身体状况相关的讨论；在机场，话题可能与航班或机场设施有关。例 28 M: Excuse me. Id like to place an advertisement for a used car in the Sunday edition of your paper.W: OK, but you have to run your advertisement all week: We cant quote rates for just Sunday.Q: Where is the conversation most probably takin
24、g place?A) At a newsstand.B) At a car dealers.C) At a publishing house.D) At a newspaper office.对话有几个关键词 place an advertisement，Sunday edition，只要抓住这几个词就不会选错。男士想在周日版上登出售二手车的广告，向女士咨询，女士表示广告必须登满一周。“周日版”告诉我们这和报纸报社有关，因此这个对话的地点只能是在报社，故选D。newsstand 是“书报亭，报刊摊”，常识告诉我们出版社、报刊摊不会承揽广告业务。例 29 W: Dear, I feel hung
25、ry now. How about you? ,M: So do I. Let me call the room service. Hello, room service, please send a menu to room 320 right away.Q: Where are the two speakers?A) In a hotel.B) At a dinner table.C) In the street.D) At the mans house.听到 room service，应立刻想到宾馆。打电话叫人送菜单到 320 房间，毫无疑问对话一定是在宾馆里，故选 A。例 30 W:
26、You seem very confident about the job interview, dont you?M: Yes, I feel ready for it. I bought a good suit in a clothing store and had my hair cut. I had studied almost everything about finance and economics.Q: Where is the man probably going to work?A) In a bank.B) In a school.C) In a clothing sto
27、re.D) In a barbershop.提示词：job interview，good suit，had hair cut，studied finance and economics。这些词直接告诉我们某人为面试穿了新衣、理了头发，而且还学了所有与金融和经济学有关的东西，那么他将应聘的工作必然是与金融和经济学有关的，选项里必然有关的只有 A。7. 数字题。四级；考试的数字题会涉及重量、价钱、房间号、电话号码、时间等。有时一个对话中出现多个数字，考生需要根据提问内容对这些数字作一些取舍或简单的四则运算。做数字题时，除了必须对数字敏感、反应快之外，还要注意数字后面的量词，听的时候最好把数字记下来
28、，听清楚每个数字对应什么事物有几个、在几楼、是几号、多少钱等等，注意区分单位数量、单价和总量、总价，听问题时要听清问的是差额还是总数。涉及价钱的数量题需要掌握一些量词，如：美元：dollar 元，cent 分，quarter 二角五分(dollar 有时也可称为 buck，如 20 dollars 也可以说成 20 bucks。)英镑：poundpound sterling 镑，penny 便士其他与钱相关的词语：bill 钞票，note 纸币，check 支票，credit card 信用卡，bank account 银行账户， tip 小费，change 找零长度量词：mile 英里，fo
29、ot 英尺，inch 英寸，kilometer 千米，meter 米，centimeter厘米，millimeter 毫米容积和重量量词：liter 升，quart 夸脱，gallon 加仑，pound 磅。kilogram 公斤表数量的词组：a dozen 一打(12 只) a score 二十例 31 M: I want two C90 and three C60 cassettes, please.W: Yes, certainly. 5 pounds for two C90, and 7 pounds for three C60.Q: How many pounds will the
30、man pay?A) 12 pounds B) 60 pounds C) 90 pounds D) 20 pounds这是一道购物算账题，涉及的数字较多，容易混淆，加之有的学生不熟悉计价用语，根本搞不清楚什么几个多少钱，糊里糊涂就做错了。5 pounds for two C90 cassettes 是两盒 90 分钟磁带 5 英镑。两种磁带加起来一共是 5+7=12，数字虽多，有用的却只有两个。听的时候要特别细心，不要被一堆数字弄懵了。例 32 M: This jacket costs 40 dollars, but I have only 30 dollars.W: I have 16 do
31、llars.Q: How much money do they have between them?A) 46 dollars B) 10 dollars C) 40 dollars D) 6 dollars男士想买夹克衫，但钱不够，差 10 美金，女士也只有 16 元。对话不难理解，解题的关键在于听懂提问。How much money do they have between them 是他们共有多少钱，不是他们钱的差额是多少、也不是买完衣服还剩几块，40 美金在这里是个干扰，要得出答案很简单，把两人的钱加一下就出来了。选 A。例 33 M: Id like a single room fo
32、r two nights, please.W: Would you sign here, please? Thank you. Here is your key. Your room is on the third floor, No. 357. Would you like the porter to take the baggage for you?Q: Where is his room?A) 1st floor, No. 357 B) 3rd floor, No. 527C) 3rd floor, No. 357 D) 2nd floor, No. 527这是一道住址题，主要考考生听记
33、数字的能力。听音之前先浏览选项，看到全是数字，听的时候就应准备好做记录。first 和 third 比较容易听错，但这道题有个小窍门，一般旅馆房间号的第一个数字与楼层相同，这样楼层和房间号这两个数字只要有一个听清楚了，都可以用排除法缩小正确答案的范围。不过解这样的题总的来说还是要靠听记数字的硬功夫。答案为 C。例 34 W: Heres a 10-dollar bill. Give me two tickets for tonights show please.M: Two tickets and heres $1.40 change.Q: How much does one ticket c
34、ost?A) $1.40 B) $4.30 C) $6.40 D) $8.60此题问单价，已知买两张票，付 10 美元，找回 1.4 美元，则单价应是 10 减去 1.4 的余额再除以 2，简单一算，每张票是 4.3 美元。这道题除了要听清几个数字之外，还要知道change 的意思是“找的钱”。例 35 M: I wonder if Sue will be here by five oclock.W: Her husband said she left home at half past four. She should be here at ten after five and a quar
35、ter past five at the latest.Q: What time did Sue leave home?A) 5:15 B) 5:10 C) 4:30 D) 5:00做此题的关键在于理清楚各时间点对应的动作，并且熟悉时间的各种表达方法。根据女士听说 Sue 四点半离家，最晚应该在 5 点 10 分到 5 点 15 分之间到达。问题是 Sue 是何时离开家的?搞清时间关系后，答案一目了然。2006-12-5 13:38:00homlee3.态度题。在短对话中常常出现对话人之一就某件事、某个话题或另一对话人的观点、建议表示赞同、反对或发表自己看法的情景，态度题即是针对说话人的态度、
36、观点出题，考查学生对对话内涵理解的一类题。做这类题目，可以根据说话人的语调、用词和某些标志性的短语判断。态度题通常对第二人提问，选项为第二人观点、看法的再现，但第一个人往往引出话题，故对第一个人的话要抓重要名词。例 17 M: I think its high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunken driving now.W: I cant agree with you more. You see, countless innocent people are killed by drunken drivers each ye
37、ar.Q: What does the woman mean?A) Most people killed in traffic accidents are heavy drinkers.B) People should pay more attention to the danger of drunk driving.C) Drunk drivers are not guilty.D) She does not agree with the man.I cant agree with you more 是表肯定、同意的惯用短语。男士建议关注酒醉驾车现象，女士用此句表示赞同男士的建议，接着指出酒
38、后驾车造成的严重后果。countless 是 “数不清的”，不等同于 most，且 killed by drunken drivers 的意思并非说被害的是drinkers，故 A 错，C 说 drunk drivers 无罪，但本对话没有评述，故属无关选项， D 是对女士所说 I cant agree with you more 的理解错误。正确选项应为 B。注意 Its high time we turned our attention to.为虚拟语气 “该做某事了”，一般后面的信息是对话的主要话题。例 18 W: Did you go to see the concert of the
39、 Rolling Stone yesterday?M: I wouldnt miss it for anything.Q: What do we learn about the man?A) He didnt go to see the concert.B) He would rather do anything else than go to the concert.C) He did go to the concert.D) He missed the concert for something important.willwould not miss sth. for anything
40、也是一个惯用表达，意思是 “决不会错过”，表明一种坚决的态度。由此可判断男士前一天晚上去看了滚石的音乐会，故选 C。例 19 M: Wouldnt you get bored with the same routine year after year teaching the same things to children ?W: I dont think it would be as boring as working in an office. Teaching is most stimulating.Q: What does the woman imply about office wo
41、rk?A) Its awfully dull.B) Its really exciting.C) Its very exhausting.D) Its quite challenging.as boring as 是一个同级比较句，当被问到是否觉得年复一年地教书很枯燥时，女士把教书和坐办公室做行政工作作了一个比较：I dont think it would be as boring as working in an office.表明她认为教书不像做行政工作那么枯燥，也就是说行政工作非常枯燥。因此应选 A。例 20 W: How about going to dinner and movie
42、with me tonight?M: Id love to, but I havent collected enough materials for my presentation on tomorrows geology class and my partners will come at eight to discuss how the presentation should go.Q: What does the conversation tell us?A) The man will go to dinner and movie with the woman.B) The man wi
43、ll make a presentation tomorrow.C) The man doesnt know how a presentation goes.D) The man loves dinner and movie.Id love to，but.是委婉拒绝的一种表达，类似的还有 Id like to，but.或 its a good idea，but.等。男士委婉地拒绝了女士的建议，显而易见应该选 B。下面是一些对话中经常出现的表达态度的用语：赞 同 反 对You said it. I dont see why.You bet. I dont think so.You can say
44、 that again. I couldnt agree less.I cant agree more. You cant mean that.Thats it. You cant be serious.I know. Dont look at me.Sure/Of course/Certainly/Definitely/Absolutely. I doubt it.It sure is/Thats for sure. I dont see why.No doubt. You must be kidding.Thats how I feel. I wouldnt say that.Thats
45、what Im thinking of. Not if I can help.熟记这些短语，对做好态度题大有帮助。另外态度题有时也通过语调反映出来，如下例：例 21 M: The Browns asked me to their party next Sunday and I agreed.W: Are you sure? Didnt you promise Tom to take him to the Disney Land next Sunday?Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Are you sure?是升调，此处表怀疑、反对。女士提醒
46、男士不该去参加派对，因为他早已答应带 Tom 去迪斯尼乐园。4.建议题。建议题的特征是说话人之一提出建议，主要的标志性建议句型有下面几种：How about. ? Why not. ?Shall we. ? Youd better.Isnt it nice that. If ! were you, .Wouldnt. ? Would you like.Wouldnt it be great if. ? What do you say. ?建议题的出题方向是建议的内容，选项会变换成另一种说法，考查学生对话语真正含义的理解。例 22 W: Im thinking of taking five co
47、urses next semester.M: Wouldnt four be better?Q: What does the man mean?A) There are too many courses offered to students.B) The woman should take fewer courses next term.C) The man will take four courses next term.D) It is wiser to take more than four courses.对话和题目都很简单。女生要选 5 门课，男生建议选四门，建议是以反问的形式提出
48、的。注意本题不可搞错对象，建议的对象是女生，不是男生。选项 B 换了一种说法，把选四门课说成是“少选一些课”，是正确选项。例 23 M: Hi, Jane, do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone.W: Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are.Q: What will the man most probably do?A) Get some change from Jane.B) Go Look for a pay phone.C) Use
49、the womans phone.D) Pay for the phone call.男士向女士借零钱打电话，女士主动出借自己的手机。建议用了 why not 句型，故选 C。例 24 M: Ive had this new camera for a week and I still dont know how to work it, even with the handbook.W: Didnt a hotline number come with it?Q: What does the women imply the man should do?A) Take it back to the store.B) Find the warranty.C) Find the handbook.D) Call for help.本题的建议比较隐晦，是以否定反问句的形式出现的，难点有二：一是建议提的比较间接，用 didnt a hotline number come with it 而不是 Maybe you can call the after-sales service，二是 hotline number 这
