1、General Introduction,Analytical Writing Assessment Optional Break Quantitative 75 minutes 37questions Optional Break 8minutes Verbal 75 minutes 41 questions,Verbal,Sentence Correction 16Reading Comprehension 14Critical Reasoning 11,Critical Reading,3-4 篇 短文章：3道题 长文章：4道题 2短，2长 2短，1中，1长,关于题库,2009.01.0
2、7 2009.01.27 2009.03.02 2009.04.07 2009.05.04 2009.06.09 2009.07.17 2009.08.21 2009.09.24 2009.10.21 2009.11.18 2009.12.07 2010.01.06 2010.02.02,讲义 Passage one,Until recently, no analogue to eu However, mole ratqueen, largest, chemical control，takeovermole rat vs. eu Unlike, most Cb vs. mole rats,an
3、alogue,log, loqu dialogue monologue analogue eulogize loquacious,altruism,egoism Id, Ego Super-ego,viv 生命，活力,vivid revive convivial survive +灾难，幸免 Jet Li survived the great tsunami in 2004. 比活得长 Most parents expect that their children will survive them.,whereas,对比转折 Doctors salaries have risen subst
4、antially, whereas nurses pay has actually fallen.Whereas knowledge can be acquired from book, skills must be learned through practice.,caste,castigate,call into question,cast doubt on cast, 扔，抛 downcast morose crestfallen dispirited gloomy depressed dismayed,qualify,qualified, tempered, guarded,讲义 P
5、assage two,现象：constancy climaticdensity-dependent, challenge3. codes size reproductive restraint However, challenged,flu 流动的感觉,flu fluent affluent superfluous fluctuate: to ebb and flow in waves; 引申： to shift back and forth uncertainly flux: a continuous moving on or passing by (as of a stream)（世事）变
6、迁,flo,flower flourish florid Florida Florence,trivial,trivial and transient,catastrophe,cata(=fall)+astro(星星) 星星掉下来了灾难cataract, 大瀑布,mortality,mort, 表示“死” mortality immortal=imperishable amortize mortgage,inhibit,prohibitprohibitive=extremely expensive,voc, vok 喊,evoke provoke, thought-provoking voca
7、list invocation,perplex,per(全部)+plex(交叉，重叠) 全都交叉到一起使困惑 =make sb confused baffle,OG 362,paltry meager inferior, mean,Problems: poor; illegal diggingSuggestion: sellYou might object, you are wrongpottery (no value)salebasements 末段的收敛：stop( ), reduce( ),preci=value,precious appreciate 欣赏（给很高评价） 感激 升值 d
8、epreciate,substantiate,sub(在下面)+stant(站)+iate在下面站着支撑，证实,表示证实的几个词,verify prove substantiate confirm corroborate,反驳,refute disprove controvert contradict,蓝 核心篇 8,Opportunities & risksCongress, indeed, local agenciesCorporate response: substantial *,蓝 核心篇 8,Unlike, crippling fixed expenses2. as fronts3
9、. dependent,unprecedented,precedent 先例 ced, ceed, 表示走 exceed proceed succeed antecedent precedent,Adj.+as it is,表示“让步”,legitimate,legitimate adj. 合法的，合理的 legitimacy n. 合法，合理， 合法的地位 legitimize vt. 使合理，使合法,dependent,establish,establish oneself as Reagan quickly established himself as promising film st
10、ar. the established peopleestablish from rags to riches,vert, vers,转,controvert controvertible incontrovertible controversial,作业,OG: 370, 384, 378,386 蓝 7, 39 下节课带OG（完整版）,读文章步骤,浏览各段开头 细读首段（topic） 带着预判性读各段，尤其注意体现结构脉络的词； 态度、评价、缺陷、优势 特殊的语言现象,Contact forever via:,,OG 370,四个“ment”,implement complement su
11、pplement complimentcomplementary supplementary,以为代价,at sbs expense at the expense of ,zero-sum game,The overhaul of Chinese stock market is proceeding at a rate that is far from expected.,gen, gene,表示产生, 出生,generate gene genetics generous regenerate 新生；悔悟（spiritually reborn or converted） ingenuous d
12、isingenuous,gen,gene 产生，出生,indigenous (indi, 内部) homogeneous heterogeneous congenial,ubiquitous,无处不在的，普遍存在的,entice,lure, induce,duc, duct, 引导,introduce, introductory, introductory course conduct deduce 推导，演绎；deductive,duc, duct, 引导,reduce induce seduce abduct,inversion,部分倒装 否定adv提前句子形成部分倒装 No, Not,
13、Never, Nor, Neither, Only, Not only, Hardly, Seldom 助动词放在主语的前面，实意动词仍 然放在主语的后面。,Inversion,2.完全倒装 介词短语提前，句子形成完全倒装。 Prepositional Phrase+V+SOn your lips dwelled my heaven.,OG 384,legal protection subsidy, dump, injuryhurthelpdangercase,Structure,1.想要得到import relief的complaint的标准 2. 给出评价：import relief 害利
14、 3. 国际化使得本来想保护本国公司利益的贸易保护法反而保护了别国公司。 4. 对第三段所谈到的问题给出一个例证。,complex,adj.复杂的 n. 建筑群 n. 情结,de-ice,de做前缀三层意思 加强 demur (mur, 墙，mural 壁画) 向下(否定，负面) denounce, depreciate 去掉 deflation 来自词根 flat=air inflation deflation,蓝 39,ocean basin formationTraditional view: temp difference C carry plates correct, On the
15、other hand, implausible: 1. along lines 2. both sides,蓝 39,alternative theory: sinking part again, difficult: SAAnother possibility: Sinking plate convection basin attractive, floor,Structure,Ocean formation 理论一： 核心内容： 温度差（temperature difference）convection 作者评价：有些合理之处；但有缺陷：,理论一的两个缺陷： convection does
16、 not occur along lines broken by如：ridge处不发生convection Growing both sides处不发生 如：Mid-Atlantic and Indian Ocean,Structure,理论二： 核心内容：sinking part 评价：依然不灵 缺陷：South Atlantic 没有sinking part,Structure,理论三： 核心内容Sinking plate (Sediments) convection basin 评价：有戏 原因：解释了enclosed sea .这些地方的floor sinking for long p
17、eriod cause basin,sed表示“坐”,sedulous 勤奋的 一组表示“勤奋”的词： sedulous (sed 坐) industrious diligentsedate 平静的，镇定的,apprehension,prehend 表示“抓住” apprehend 1.使担忧，使恐惧apprehensive 2.逮捕 comprehend reprehend,crust,mantle,dismantle,core,earthquake,eruption of volcano,相关归类法,rupt, 表示“断掉” erupt interrupt bankrupt corrupt
18、,Absolute power nourishes corruption. cause, lead to, give rise to, bring about try to make it grammatically and logically correct.polish,med 中间,Median 中位数 Intermediate 中级 Intermediary 中间人 Medieval中世纪 “eval ”表年代 Mediocre 平庸的 Meddle 干涉 干预,Contact forever via:,,386,Ms theory: no chronologyrecent, oxyg
19、en isotope,386,two advantages: 1. little variation; 2. more continuous；because of However, other factors,OG 386,Structure 1. M提出了一个关于“ice ages”形成的理论（variations in the Earths orbit），指出了这个理论的困难。 2.有一项新的发现可以解决这个困难利用氧的同位素determine ice volume,Structure,3. Isotope record有两大优势：一、全球各处无差异；二、从ocean sediments提
20、取出的isotope record更具连续性。 4. 其他因素对“ice ages”形成也很重要，只是M的理论可以得到证实。,chronology,chron, 时间，年代 chronic chronic poverty Some children in the mountain area were deprived of education just because they were born in the wrong places.,corp 身体，团体,corpulence corporation incorporate,tendency 倾向,tend to do 一个单词动词、形容
21、词接什么样的 介词搭配，那么相应的名词形式也要 接这个介词： be able to do, the ability to do; the inability to do; tend to do, tendency to do,介词的感觉,over 1. 超过，胜过 win over, triumph over2. 投射，映射,介词的感觉,against 相对比，相对抗 fight against, protest against vote for, vote against revolt against discriminate against with, 凭借，借助, without,作业,
22、讲义：Passage 3, 5 蓝，3， OG: 372，392，394,读文章步骤,浏览各段开头 细读首段（topic） 带着预判性读各段，尤其注意体现结构脉络的词； 态度、评价、缺陷、优势 特殊的语言现象,Contact forever via:, 名词优于代词原则 this, that, such不能以词代句 one, that, it one,泛指; it, that, 特指 One 是泛指 没有明确指代对象 EG:P11 18行 that同类但不同一个 Eg：The weather in Beijing is drier than that in Shanghai.-同类但不同一个
23、 it同一个 Eg:Finding a financial service in a large city is often easier than it is in a small town.,When rates were raised in 1985, postal service officials predicted they would make further rate increase unnecessary for at least three years. C. that it （指代不清，前面没有单数名词可以被it指代）would not be necessary for
24、 further rate increases D. that the increase would make further rate increases unnecessary,eg:,OG 392,MD the first E & S women votingstandard moreover, historical processes However, actual findings (not durable) In addition, factors: foreshadow limitations,阅读里的比较,A is more + adj than B: 表示B不具有adj的特征
25、； A is no more + adj than B: 表示A和B都不具有adj的特征。,评述类文章,开头：人名，研究（方法）书，学派等 各段：给出评价 “引+评” 注意：评述类文章多复合性评价参见：OG: 374, 392, 蓝皮书：15页,394,not closely classical model rather, intuitionhave recognized however, poor graspfive ways:inseparable act first and explain later,394,Structure 一、很多成功的senior mangers 并不完全按“先
26、想后做”模式管理，而是借助intuition, “边想边做”（integrate）二、关于intuition的理解还很欠缺；,Except 题型,1. 如果题干中的概念有对立面，则直接去找对立面； 2. 如果题干中的概念没有对立面，那么一定是在考列举；直接去找列举之处没有提到的；,man 手 manu,Manuscript 手写稿 Manufacture 制造 manacle 手铐；束缚 acle:表障碍 Emancipate e:前缀表出来 debacle:大溃败 Emancipation Proclamation manipulate 操控 maneuver, 调动；操纵,Capricio
27、us 变幻莫测的,Fickle变换无偿的 fidelity 忠诚忠贞 fid:表相信 信任 ConfidentMercurial 反复无常的 Lunatic 狂人 疯子,tric 交织，缠绕,tricky 难对付的；狡猾的 trickery n. intricate 错综复杂的 extricate v. 使解脱；使摆脱,instigate 刺激，激励,inspire, motivate stimulate prod galvanize,galvanize,galvanize 刺激，激励Luigi Galvani,justify,新老对比,套路词：traditionally, until rec
28、ently, long, once, has been;however/recently frequently, widely, many, most, usually, dominant, common; however/now 发展：老观点+（展开）+新观点； 态度：老：否定或不重要；新：正评价 主题句（TS）: 反驳句或新观点，一般 在一段老观点完了之后或者二段首句 注：有时老观点被反驳后没有新观点,现象解释,套路词：phenomenon, fact, behavior; 发展： Phenomenon+ Explanation 1, 2, 3 态度：1. 前负后正（居多）， 2. 几个解
29、释并列（各个解释内部包含评价） 主题句：1. 正确解释出现之处2. 各解释段落的首末句 注：唯一解释,问题解决,套路词 problem, difficulty, puzzle,question; 发展： Problem+ Solution (way) 1, 2, 3 态度：1. 前负后正（居多）， 2. 几个方案并列（各个方案内部包含评价） 主题句：1. 可行方案出现之处2. 各方案段落的首末句 注：唯一方案,结论解释（论点阐述）,套路词：开头多为判断句（结论或者论点） linking v + adj: is, remain, prove + adj modal verb: can, may,
30、 should, must 发展： Conclusion + Articulation （结论+展开） Thesis + subthesis 1, 2, 3 + conclusion（有时没有） 态度：无总态度 主题句：首段的判断句（多为首末句）,核心篇 2,1960s, SBA disappointing, 原因：1， 2，3Recently: directly intermediary (indirectly) MESBIC: large corporationsgreater opportunity furthermore: less risk,核心篇 2,staff (pragmati
31、cally) directors (social responsibility ),蓝 核心篇 2,Structure 联邦采用SBA program来帮助minority businesses收效甚微。2. 最近又换成了让large corporation参与进来的MESBIC program.,Structure,3. MESBIC的特点：greater opportunity; less risk; 不过需要的启动资本也高；4. 在MESBIC中，staffs通常比directors更加pragmatic and prudent,prudent,小心谨慎 Prudence n. 合理的谨
32、慎,Wary 谨慎的,very wary,cautious,Lust caution 色戒 Be cautious about=refrain from 克制,discreet,discreet 小心谨慎 eeye Discrete 分开 不连续 Leery “ee” 看,Encounter不期而遇 be encountered:表示遭遇不好的事情,It is true that nobody wants to be encountered with twists-and-turns, ups-and-downs, but actually these are not only inevita
33、ble but also helpful.,讲义 Passage 5,Yet, not parMinority community not provide access totraditional analysis: ignore, simple model (PC), pay limited attention to, view: perfect foresight also assume same opportunity moreover assume equal TC,Structure,一、受一些因素影响，资本市场中的参 与者的地位和力量是不平等的； 二、举了minority soci
34、ety的例子证明 第一段的观点。 三、传统理论忽视了一些因素从而导致 了它不能很好地去应用在资本市场的分 析中，分析了三条假设。,her, hes 粘住,Adhere 粘贴 坚持（引申） adhere to the four cardinal principles. Hesitate 犹豫 heritage 遗产 Coherent 连贯 co: 全部 Inherent 内在固有的，天生的 Everybody has inherent capability that is easily concealed by habits, blurred by time and eroded by iner
35、tia.,Passage 3,1896 vs 1979 （引）Zs recent book transformation: useful (economical) useless (emotional)origin: 1, 2, 3, yet: cultural Z vs sociological economist social value vs economic gain,Structure,给出了两个世纪的不同判决 判决结果所折射出的社会价值观的转变是Zelizer的书探讨的主题； 促成这种转变的因素很多，Zelizer更强调文化因素 “sociological economics”更强
36、调经济因素,juxtapose,pos，摆放 Pose 姿势 Expose 暴露 be exposed to 熏陶，被暴露在 juxta(并排，成对)+pose(摆放) juxtapose并排放,pulse 推动，驱动,pulse 脉搏 impulsive compulsive compulsory (China Compulsory Certificate) expulsion,explicit,plic 交叉，重叠 complicated implicit im(里面)+plic(交叉，重叠) 交织在里面含蓄的，暗指的 explicit ex(出来)+plic(交叉) 把交叉在一起的东西
37、理出来清楚的，明确的,作 业,OG: 360, 364，374, 378，390蓝 15, 43, 139,364,Traditionally, first Today, integratedBeta vs VHS: VHS more successful Beta: first, exclusive control VHS: alliances, VHS: slight lead dominant 原因：1. alliances2. Consumers perception,364,dispute put , 思考，想 compute dispute repute resolve the d
38、ispute,resolve,解决，化解 n. resolution 常跟宾语：dispute, crisis2. 下决心做 n. resolution resolve to do, adj. resolute, 坚定的，有决心的,defer,尊敬，服从 adj. deferential n. deference2. 推迟，延期 n. deferment,disinterested,客观、公正 objective equitable impartial dispassionate detached,378,women: low explain: HC interruption reduce o
39、pportunity concentration: in the homeHowever, pay scales （-），eg.,因果论断型weaken题型,做法：把原因部分的论断所暗含假设 取非。 步骤： 把表原因的部分分离出来； 找出暗含假设； 把暗含假设取非。 OG 361页 7，378页48,一条基于统计学的规律,只要问作者对某理论的评价中出现 incomplete，一般即为正确答案。 （常出现在对某现象解释类的文章中）,红花绿叶词,红花：incomplete, not necessarily, some 绿叶：contrast, reconcile, articulate, prim
40、arily, only, most, first, any indifferent, fervent, amusement,380,attribute A to B （preference） However, - Instead, employers : one factor, another factor Given, TE Workers Preference Gov should,380,involve be involved in,解题要领,认真读懂题干，如果是长难句，括 出修饰成分； 2. 判断题目类型； 3. 用题干中关键词回原文定位； 4. 重点关注定位之处重要的语言现象； 5.
41、 做题时始终带着全篇主题和段落主旨。,切 记,读文章和解题时都要带着思考：“读而不思则罔”,蓝 增补篇 52,H: individuality However, An: social relationshipseg: AS H assumes: different yet, Hs much research: champion Thus, AS conform An Indeed, one (author): not distinguish,390,once, brain & meta: independent recent, brain (S) depend on foodmeals (tr
42、yp) S injecting insulin S c-c meal insulin secretion S Surprisingly: protein S answer,Ex: When x is expressed as a decimal, the hundredths digit is 8. What is the greatest possible value of 1/x?,In the xy-coordinate plane, the graph of intersects line m at (p, 5) and (t, -7). What is the least possi
43、ble value of the slope of m?,par=equal,parity disparity parallel compare,hypo 表示“假”,hypothesis hypocrite hypocritical,clud, clus, clos,关闭,include exclude exclusive conclude seclude,clud, clus, clos,关闭,recluse preclude close closure disclosure,蓝 15,评述性文章 life story, reasons: data (supplement); 2. pre
44、serve (disappear)However, against (FB+PR),蓝 15,Even more, lost (Editors, N.A not in English, lost)Despite, useful: life story speculation (theorist),tort, 扭，曲,distort, 扭曲，歪曲 torture 折磨,400,density = *, universe close observable *, invisible ?known: Distance, Luminosity (S galaxy) mass (Center) Dista
45、nce , Velocity Instead, Velocity constant invisible (存在),400,finding : 90 %(universe) invisible,400,Structure 一、 宇宙要停止扩张必须达到一定的密度，而可见的发 光物质的密度达不到这一要求。因此，如果要让宇 宙停止扩张，必须要有足够多的不发光物质在密度 上超过发光物质。,400,二、我们的研究就是要去确定是否有不发光物质。研究对象：spiral galaxy,推理过程,已知条件：离nucleus越远,luminosity 越低； 推断：大量发光物质应该在nucleus附 近集中，外围质
46、量少随着离nucleus 距离变远，旋转速度下降即中心的旋转 速度应该比外围大。 实际发现：外围的旋转速度并未降低 这就表明外围质量不少，即发光物质质 量的不足一定是由不发光物质做了补充,400,400,三、我们的研究暗示出宇宙中大约有90%的 物质不发光（发不出可见光）。,lumin,词汇的感觉： 凡是表示闪闪发光的词，用在人身上往往表 示“聪明”或者“杰出” brilliant lustrous dazzling bedazzled luminary (流明，单位面积的光通量),词汇的感觉,凡是光线能够透过去，往往表示可以理 解或者清楚明白；光线透不过去表示不 能理解。 lucid opa
47、que penetrate penetrable impenetrable,360,finding: extinct present day (tooth breakage)explanations: d (-): older no overrepresented p(-): two extinct (no breakage) l(-): other sites similar more contact (tooth and bones) + imply: low availability,Structure 现象: carnivores牙齿破裂程度不同（化石与现今） 可能的解释：,struc
48、ture,不可能是统计偏差：因为没有过多选择年龄大的个体； 排除了保存的差异：因为破损并非来自于洞口磨损； 也不可能是地点选择的问题：因为其他地区也有与La Bera化石相似的状况,Structure,可能的解释： behavioral difference: 早期的carnivores的牙 齿与猎物骨头的接触摩擦更频繁。这种解释有着重要的暗示（imply）,demographic,人口统计学的；来自：demography记：dem (人民，人口) +graph(写，记录) 记录人口的学科人口统计学,dem表示“人民”,democratic, epidemic epidemiologist p
49、andemic,vor, 表示“吃”,voracious 贪食的，狼吞虎咽的； 贪婪的 herbivorous 食草的 herbal essence 草本精华 herbal medicine 草药 omnivorous 杂食的 omnipotent 全知全能的,43,评述类文章：statisticsexaggerate: now vs 1930s (1, 2, 3) E & I data overstate:,43,Yet, underestimate employed poverty; 2. experienceaverage 3. part time finally, IT neglecting WPAs a result, uncertain,
