1、重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，却往往需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。一、为了明确（一）重复名词1. 重复英语中作宾语的名词1）Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。2）I had experienced oxygen and / or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。3）They began to study and anal
2、yze the situation of the enemy.他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。4）Thus, I wrote “Spain in Arms, 1937“ and saw China in revolution in 1925-27, and later in war with Japan.这样，我就写了战斗中的西班牙（一九三七年）。我也看到了一九二五年至一九二七年正在革命的中国，后来又看到了正同日本作战的中国。2. 重复英语中作表语的名词1）He became an oil baron - all by himself.他成为一个石油大王一个白手起家的石油大王。2）This has
3、 been our position - but not theirs.这一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。3）John is your friend as much as he is mine.约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词英语中常重复使用前置词，而将第二个、第三个前置词前的名词省略，翻译时则往往要把此名词重复。1）The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从 1700 个普通病人身上
4、得到的实践还多。2）The story of Jurgis is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destfoyed by the capitalist industrial machine.尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸的人们的故事。3）We see, therefore, how the modern bourgeoisie is itself the product of a long course of development, of a series of revolutions
5、in the modes of production and of exchange. 由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，它一方面代表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词（名词或代词） ，一方面在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。 1）May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party, through you, fo
6、r the glowing success of your tremendous revolution, which is now inspiring the world. 让我通过您最衷心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。 2） They have staged demonstrations and sit-ins and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow. 他们举行了示威游行和静坐
7、，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者手中。 3）The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left. 小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他而且整得很重，简直把他整瘪了 英语中的同位语，在译文中有时也可以重复先行词。1）The President announced, with obvious relish, that the planes took
8、off from “Shangri-la“, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。2）All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess ultimate prize.所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。3）Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.水可
9、由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。4）No one dared to walk out of Johnsons Administration, because they knew if they did, two men were going to follow their ass to the end of the earth, Mr. J. Edgar Hoover and the head of the Internal Revenue Service.没有人敢向约翰逊辞职。因为他们知道，要是谁胆敢这样做，就会有两个人在他们屁股后面跟到天涯海角，这两个人便是埃德加胡佛先生和国内税务局局长
10、。（二）重复动词1. 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。1）Is he a friend or an enemy?他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？2）The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。3）For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother.足足有十分钟，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。4）Chairman Mao is an activist, a prime mover, an originator and
11、 master of strategy achieved by alternating surprise, tension and easement. (Edgar Snow)毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。5）They covered the 19 th century foreign intervention in China, Maos Long March in the mid-1930s, the French and American revolutions.他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到毛泽东在三十年代中期的长征
12、，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。2. 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。1）We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other - of everything but our host and hostess.我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。2）And the body lay white and still beneath the pi
13、nes, all bathed in sunshine and in blood.这具尸体苍白而安静地躺在松树下，浴于阳光中，浴于血泊中。3）He no longer dreamed of storms, nor of great occurrences, nor of great fish, nor fights, nor contests of strength.他不再梦见风涛，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鱼、搏斗和角力。4）He supplied his works not only with biographies, but with portraits of their supp
14、osed authors.他不仅在他的作品上提供作者传记，而且还提供假想作者的画像。有时，英语中连前置词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。1）But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his family.可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。2）They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his
15、employment and his obligations as an American.他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。3）But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen.但是他们并没有把感情流露出来，只是斯斯文文地讲起海流，讲起他们把钓丝送进海水的深度，讲起好久不变
16、的好天气，还讲起他们所看到的一切。（三）重复代词1. 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。1）Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。2）In China, they “made mistakes“, suffered by them, acknowledged and studied them, thus planned victory.在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。3）He hated failure; he had co
17、nquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。4）Suddenly Sakamoto spotted the ship, she was like a sitting duck at dockside. He couldnt wait to get to her.突然间坂本发现了那条船。那条船在码头边像个死靶子。坂本迫不及待地冲了上去。5）The change of Taylor was that of a key man in the key slot
18、 - something that symbolized the gradual transformation of the other players.泰勒的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。6）Stephen made a bow. Not a servile one - he will never do that.斯蒂芬鞠了一个躬。这不是一种卑躬屈膝的鞠躬他决不会那样做。2. 英语中用物主代词 its，his，their 等等以代替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时，翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语），以达到明确具体
19、的目的。1）Happy families also had their own troubles.幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。2）Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。3）Each country has its own customs.各国有各国的风俗。3. 英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词 whoever，whenever，wherever 等等，翻译时往往使用重复法处理。1）Whoever violates the disci
20、plines should be criticized.谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。2）Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free.你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。3）Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。4）You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best.我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。4.
21、英语用 some . and others .(some ., others .)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式的“的”字结构，有时也可以用“有的，有的”句式。1）Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（=有的上大学了，有的下乡了。）2）On Sunday afternoon, some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks in their work.星期日下午，复习功课的复习功课，帮
22、厨的帮厨。（=星期日下午，有的复习功课，有的帮厨。）3）Some played soccer and others played basketball.踢足球的，踢足球去了，打篮球的，打篮球去了。（=有的踢足球去了，有的打篮球去了。）为了使译文明确具体，除了上面谈到的一些重复手段外，还有一种情况：英语原文没有重复，汉译时采用一种在内容上而不是在形式上的重复的手段：1）He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。原文中动词 send 没有重复，译文中用“增加”、“增
23、添 ”、“增派”等三个不同形式重复同一个内容。2） In the Soviet Union there had been no radio, TV, or press mention of either Abels arrest or conviction.苏联对于艾贝尔的被俘或判刑既没有电台广播，也没有上电视节目，在报刊上也没有发表。原文中名词 mention 没有重复，译文却以 “广播”、“上节目 ”和“发表”三种不同形式重复同一个内容。二 为了强调（一）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。英语对仗句的前后两部分中往往有词的重复，译成汉语时对仗句一般可以保持同样的词的
24、重复。(1)Dead is the monarch, dead the servant who cringed before him, dead the city in which they dwelt.君主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝阿谀奉承的侍臣死了，他们居住的这个都城也死了。(2)Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.以眼还眼，以牙还牙。（二）英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。(3)During their stay in Peking, they visited some old friends of theirs, visited Peking University and visited the Great Wall.他们在北京逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了北京大学，游览了长城。
