1、英汉翻译技巧增减译法,英汉两种语言是不同文化的产物，存在着巨大的差异，在翻译的过程中很难做到字词上的完全一一对应，因此，常需要适当地改变语言的表达方式，增加词句。在增词过程中，增添的词语要恰到好处，要忠实原文，不可增加原文中所没有的内容，以保证译文的原汁原味。 增词不是目的，重要的是翻译时译者和原作者如何达到心神交融的境界，译者如何摆脱原文语言形式的束缚，如何用本民族的思维方式来表达原文的思维内容。,I. Amplification,1. 增补英语中省略的词语,A增补简略回答中的省略成份 Are you sure? 你能肯定吗？ Absolutely.绝对没错. Is John coming
2、to the party? 约翰会来参加晚会吗？ Im afraid (he is) not. 我想他不会来。 B. 增补并列句中的省略成份 狐狸会变老，但决不会变好。The fox may grow old, but (it) never good. We dont retreat, we never have and never will . 我们不后退，我们从没有后退过，将来也决不后退. C增补复合句中的省略成分 It is better to be wise by the defeat of others than to be wise by the defeat of your ow
3、n .从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。,增补动词,Testing is a complicated problem and long experience is required for its mastery.进行测试是一个复杂的问题，需要长期的经验才能掌握。 But over the last several years, China has been seeking to resume its contracting party status. 近几年来，中国一直在争取恢复其缔约国的地位。(增补表示时态的动词),增补名词,形容词前或不及物动词前增补名词 He was
4、weak and looked pale from his long illness. 他因长期生病而身体虚弱，脸色苍白。 This bike is indeed cheap and fine.这辆自行车真是物美价廉。,增补连词,As it is cloudy, we will visit there tomorrow. 因为今天是阴天，因此我们决定明天去参观那儿。 Though he is poor, he never shows his humbleness. 尽管贫穷，但他从不鄙薄自己。,增补表示复数的数词,The lion is the king of animals. 狮是百兽之王.
5、 The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley. 群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色长影. The very earth trembled as with the tramps of horses and murmur of angry men.连大地都震动了, 仿佛万马奔腾, 千夫怒吼,增补量词,A bike 一辆自行车 A typewriter一架打字机 A tractor一台拖拉机 A mouth一张嘴 A full moon 一轮满月 A bad dream一场恶梦 This was a comple
6、te lie.那是一派胡言. 英语中有些动词或者动作名词,翻译时需要增加一些表示行为,动作量的动量词. Have a rest, have a wash (洗一下) He gave her a sly look. 他狡猾地看了她一眼. Please come in and take a look. 请进来看 一看.,增补语气助词,汉语中有许多语气助词，“的”、“吧”、“呢”、“啊”、“呀”、 “嘛”、“吗”、“啦”、“了”、“罢了”、“而已”等。不同的语气 助词可以发生不同的作用，英译汉时细心体会原文,增加 汉语特有的语气词，更好地表达愿作的意义和修辞色彩。 Dont take it seri
7、ously. Im just making fun of you. 不要认真嘛! 我不过开开玩笑罢了. As for me, I didnt agree from the very beginning.我呢, 从一开始就不赞成.,Amplification,Adding Necessary Pronouns（增补代词） 大作收到，十分高兴。I was very glad to have received your writing 没有调查研究就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak,BAdding
8、Necessary Articles（增补冠词） 我们对问题要做全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。 We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved 耳朵是用来听声音的器官，鼻子用来嗅气味，舌头用来尝滋味。The ear is the organ which is used for hearingThe nose is used for smellingThe tongue is used for tasting,CAdding Necessary Connectives(增补连词)
9、 老师在等我，我得走了。The teacher is expecting me，so I must be off now 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain，there will never be a shortage of firewood,DAdding Necessary Prepositions（增补介词） 咱们校门口见吧。Lets meet at the school
10、gate 你是白天工作还是夜间工作? Do you work in the daytime or at night? 该地区已没什么城乡差别。There is little difference between town and country in this region E.Adding Necessary Background Words（增加背景词） 三个臭皮匠，赛过诸葛亮。 Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind 别班门弄斧。Dont try to show off your p
11、roficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter 这真是俗话说的，“旁观者清”。 It is just as the proverb goes，“The onlooker sees most of the game”,1）冠词的省译（Omission of articles）A dictionary is a good teacher.（X一本）词典是（X一位）良师。He started hitting the bottle at 18. 他18岁时开始酗酒。 但一些冠词却不可省略：当不定冠词指数量“一”或某一类东西时He l
12、eft without a word.他一句话也没说就走了。 Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是在一天之内建设起来的。,II. Omission,在汉语中一些放在时间或地点前面的介词需要省略. On the evening of December, 1955, in Montgomery, a bus stopped at an intersection. （在）1995年12月1日傍晚，蒙哥马力市的一辆公共汽车停在十字街口。 Smoking is not allowed in classroom.（在）教室内不准吸烟。 The children are the
13、beautiful flowers in spring. 儿童是（在）春天的鲜花。 Prepositions used after a main verb is not omitted. He was hidden behind the door.,2介词的省译（Omission of prepositions）,3.动词的省译Omission of verbs,系动词在英译汉中多省略不翻译。（The link verbs could be omitted in translation.） The second summer in Indiana, like the fist, was a s
14、ummer of much hard work and little play.在印第安纳州的第二个夏天和第一个夏天一样，辛苦劳动的时候很多，玩耍的时间很少。 These facts are related to the problem.这些事实与这个问题无关。（汉语用介词结构做谓语）,4.连词的省译Omission of conjunctions,. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了，春天还会远吗？ .Where there is a life, there is hope. 留的青山在不怕没柴烧。 .Unless there i
15、s motion, there is no work. 没有运动，也就没有功。 .Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.车未停稳，切勿上下。 .He looked gloomy and troubled. 他看上去有些忧愁不安。,5. it 的省略（Omission of it）,This often occurs when it is meaningless or empty 1)做主语表达时间地点天气环境It was just growing dark, as she shut the garden gate
16、. 她关上园门时，已是暮色苍茫了。 2)做主语表示体积,容量,频度等It is 30 cubic meters in volume. 3)形式宾语和形式主语He took it upon himself to pay off the debt. 他自愿负责还清债务。 It is quite still in the laboratory. 实验室里很安静. 4)强调句中的省略It is on Sunday that I met her.,6 、Omission of “that”,当“that”作引导词引出同位语从句、主语从句、宾语从句时, 在英译汉时必须省略 1.The fact that
17、he is a good student really makes his parents proud.他是位优秀的学生这一事实确实使他的父母很骄傲。 2.It is certain that he did go there last Monday. 肯定他上周一去那儿了。,7、（Omission of repeated redundant words）,1)我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成交给他的工作。I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, and so has he.,8) 同位语的省译His father is
18、an oculist, or an eye-doctor.他的父亲是眼科医生。This medicine, or drug, has a violent effect.这种药的药性猛烈。,Exercises: 1. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。 2.中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 3.He needs practice of three months before he is able to obtain the business license. 4. Its a pleasure for us to offer you the goods as follows.,Answers:,1.We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems. 2.The (state of / condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. 3.他需要三个月的实习才能拿到营业执照。（减译before） 4.非常荣幸向贵方报盘如下。（减译for us）,Thank you!,
