1、,Welcome to my class!,Ding Chunling,Which woman?,One evening I drove my husbands car to the shopping mall.On my return,I noticed that how dusty the outside of his car was and cleaned it up a bit. When I finally entered the house,I called out,“ The woman who loves you the most in the world just clean
2、ed your headlights and windshield.“ My husband looked up and asked, “Moms here?注:shield 英i:ld 美ild n. 盾;护罩;盾形奖牌;保护人 vt. 保护;掩护;庇护;给加防护罩 例句The nuclear weapons shield pakistan from accountability. 核武器保护巴基斯坦免担责任。,本课教学目标,1.掌握英语的四种构词法; 2.利用构词法快速记忆单词; 3.利用构词法通过上下文猜测词意;,构词法有哪些? 我们学过哪些这样的单词?,Brainstorm,Word
3、formation,构词法在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种:合成、转化、派生、缩略,一、合成,由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连词符号“-” 连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个 词构成。1.合成名词名词+名词 cowboy newspaper名词+ing handwriting sunbathinging+名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill形容词+名词 blackboard shorthand名词及物动词eror pain-killer止痛药名词介词名词 editor-in-chief总编辑副词动词 outbreak爆发介词名词 afternoon下午,4.合
4、成副词 形容词名词hotfoot匆忙地 形容词副词everywhere到处 副词副词however尽管如此 介词名词beforehand事先 介词副词forever永远,一、合成,2. 合成动词: 副词+动词 overthrow uphold形容词+动词 blacklist whitewash名词+动词 sleepwalk sunburn 3. 合成形容词:名词+形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词+过去分词 man-made hand made数词+名词 one-way second-hand,一、合成,5.合成代词 代词宾格self herself 她自己 物主代词self
5、 myself 我自己 形容词名词 anything 任何东西 6.合成介词 副词名词 inside 在里面 介词副词 within 在之内 副词介词 into 进入,一、合成,二、转化:,动词 名词: taste (v.) taste (n.)It tastes good. It has a good taste. (2) 名词 动词: hand (n.) hand (v.)Lets go hand in hand.Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词 动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.)Her ro
6、om is clean and tidy.She cleans her room every day.,由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.,三、派生:,1.表示否定意义的前缀,dis- dishonest, dislike in-, ig-, il, im, ir, incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregular mis- misunderstand, mislead non- nonsense , nonstop un- unable, unemployment anti-, ant- antikn
7、ock( 防震), antiforeigner,(排外的),由一个词根加上前缀 或后缀构成另外一个词。,2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀,1) a- 表示“在之上”,“向”aboard, aside, 2) by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧”bypath, bypass(弯路) 3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在间,相互”international, interaction, internetmid-, 表示“中,中间” midnight, mid-autumn,5) out-, 表示“在上面,在外部,在外”outline, outside, outward 6) over-, 表
8、示“在上面,在外部,向上”overlook, overhead(在头顶,在高处), overboard 7) extra-, 表示“额外” extraction (提取) 8) fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foretell 9) in-, im-, 表示“向内,在内,背于”inland, invade, inside, import,2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀,under-, 表示“在下面,下的” underline, underground, underwater 11) up-, 表示“向上,向上面,在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡),1
9、re-“又, 再” repeat, review, return, reunite, remarry2. co-“联合,伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker3. super-“在上;加之” superman, supermarket4. tele- 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope5. de-向相反方向发展decentralize(分散), defrost(解冻)6. trans-过,穿过,变transformation(变形), translate7. vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president,
10、3.表示其他意义的前缀:,7. vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president8.semi-半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automatic9. bi 两个 bicycle, biennial两年一次的 10. tri三个triangle三角形, tricycle三轮脚踏车, triplets三胞胎 11.mul-多,多种multiply(使增加), multi-national, multi-coloured 12. kilo-千 kilometre, kilogramme,Practice (I):,从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成
11、合成词.,book lookers new far first trouble ten baby over empty,reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free,Practice (II):,rain(形容词) _ agree(反义)_nation(形容词)_ farm(人)_recent(副词)_ friend(形容词)_hope(形容词)_ back(形容词)_visit(名词)_ home(形容词) _eight(序数词)_ true(名词)_America(形容词)_ China(形容词)_,按括号内的要求改写下列单词
12、,rainy,national,recently,hopeful,visitor,eighth,American,disagree,farmer,friendly,backwards,homeless,truth,Chinese,四、缩略法缩略法,即将单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1.截头 telephonephone aeroplaneplane omnibusbus 2.去尾 mathematicsmaths co-operateco-op examinationexam kilogramkilo laboratorylab taxicabtaxi3.截头去尾 influenzaflu refrigeratorfridge prescriptionscript,首尾字母缩略法 首尾字母缩略法,即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式,即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。very important personVIP (读字母音)要人;大人物 televisionTV (读字母音)电视 Testing of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL托福,