1、十二、构词法,第二部分 语法考点突破,英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。 一、派生法 常见的派生构词法归纳： (一)形容词加ly变为副词的规律 1一般情况加ly。如：realreally/carefulcarefully/polite politely/quickquickly 2“辅音字母y ”结尾的，将y改为ily。 如：angryangrily/busybusily/heavyheavily,3以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable probably/possiblepossibly 4个别单词，去掉e再加y。如：gentleg
2、ently/truetruly 5以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically/energetic energetically 注意：有的名词ly形容词。如：friendfriendly等。,(二)动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀,acceptacceptable 可接受的 comfortcomfortable 舒适的 fashionfashionable 时髦的 suitsuitable 合适的 reasonreasonable 有道理的,musicmusical 音乐的 originoriginal 最初的 personpersonal 个人的；私人的 centercentral
3、 中央的；中心的 naturenatural 自然的；天生的,doubtdoubtful 怀疑的 forgetforgetful 健忘的 harmharmful 有害的 hopehopeful 有希望的 peacepeaceful 和平的,scarescared 感到恐惧的 confuseconfused 感到困惑的 underlineunderlined 下划线的,surprisesurprising 令人惊异的 convinceconvincing 令人信服的 satisfysatisfying 令人满意的,accessaccessible 容易取得的 horrorhorrible 可怕的
4、；恐怖的 terrorterrible 可怕的,actactive 积极的；活跃的 effecteffective 有效的；生效的 attractattractive 有吸引力的 impressimpressive 给人深刻印象的,continuecontinuous 不断的；持续的 anxietyanxious 忧虑的 cautioncautious 十分小心的；谨慎的 curiositycurious 好奇的 humorhumorous 幽默的,tiretiresome 令人厌倦的 troubletroublesome 麻烦的,tastetasty 美味的；可口的 healthhealth
5、y 健康的 wealthwealthy 富裕的；丰富的,easteastern 东方的；向东的,childchildish 孩子气的 foolfoolish 愚蠢的；可笑的 selfselfish 自私的,sciencescientific 科学的 economyeconomic 经济的 historyhistoric 历史上著名的,imagineimaginary 想象中的,(三)动词变为名词的后缀,approveapproval 赞成；批准 arrivearrival 到来；到达 survivesurvival 幸存 proposeproposal 提议；建议,appearappearan
6、ce 出现；外貌 guideguidance 指引；指导 performperformance 表演；节目 existexistence 存在；生存 preferpreference 偏爱 referreference 参考；查阅,attractattraction 吸引 graduategraduation 毕业 expectexpectation 期待；期望 inviteinvitation 邀请；请柬 competecompetition 比赛；竞争 explainexplanation 解释,discussdiscussion 讨论；辩论 decidedecision 决定 admit
7、admission 接纳；准许入学,hearhearing 听力；听觉 beginbeginning 开始,achieveachievement 功绩；成就 argueargument 辩论；论据 treattreatment 对待；治疗,failfailure 失败；没做到 presspressure 压力 mixmixture 混合；混合物 departdeparture 离开；出发,recoverrecovery 恢复；痊愈 discoverdiscovery 发现,choosechoice 选择 varyvariety 多样化；种类 tendtendency 趋向；趋势,(四)形容词变
8、名词的后缀,shortshortage 不足；短缺,efficientefficiency 效率；功效 fluentfluency 流利；流畅 accurateaccuracy 准备性 privateprivacy 隐私；私密,freefreedom 自由；自主 wisewisdom 明智；智慧,differentdifference 差异 silentsilence 沉默,weakweakness 虚弱；弱点 kindkindness 仁慈；好意 carelesscarelessness 粗心大意,growgrowth 成长；发展 strongstrength 力气；强项 warmwarmt
9、h 温暖；热情,difficultdifficulty 困难 cruelcruelty 残酷；残暴 safesafety 安全 disabledisability 无能；伤残 responsibleresponsibility 责任,(五)表示“人”的后缀 在表示形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：,teach教teacher教师 village村子villager村民 strange陌生的stranger陌生人,lie说谎liar说谎者,employ雇佣employee受雇者；雇员 interview面试interviewee被面试者 train
10、训练trainee受训练人；学员,invent发明inventor发明家 act表演actor男演员 educate教育educator教育家；教师,act表演actress女演员 god神goddess女神 host主人hostess女主人；女主持人,China中国Chinese中国人 Japan日本Japanese日本人,America美国American美国人 Australia澳洲Australian澳洲人,music音乐musician音乐家 history历史historian历史学家 politics政治politician政治家；政客,novel小说novelist小说家 sp
11、ecial专门的specialist专家 tour旅行tourist旅行家；观光者,serve服务servant仆人 participate参加participant参加者 assist帮助assistant助手；图书管理员,(六)表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀,agree同意disagree不同意 advantage优点disadvantage缺点,legal合法的illegal不合法的 logical合逻辑的illogical不合逻辑的,polite有礼貌的impolite无礼的 patient有耐性的impatient不耐烦的,formal正式的informal非正式的 convenie
12、nt方便的inconvenient不方便的,regular规则的irregular不规则的 responsible负责任的irresponsible不负责任的,lead引导mislead误导 understand理解misunderstand误解,smoker吸烟者nonsmoker不吸烟者 stop停止的nonstop直达的,usual通常的unusual不寻常的 willing愿意的unwilling不愿意的,antiJapanese war抗日战争 antiageing抗衰老,hope希望hopeless 绝望的 end尽头endless 无穷无尽的,(七)变动词的前缀和后缀,able能
13、够enable使能够 large大的enlarge扩大 rich富裕的enrich使充实,broad宽的broaden(使)变宽 ripe熟的ripen (使)成熟 sharp尖的sharpen使尖锐 wide宽的widen加宽,class种类classify把分类 just正确的justify证明正确 simple简单的simplify简化,apology辩解apologize道歉 emphasis重点emphasize强调,(八)其他前缀的意义,interaction互动 international国际的,overweight超重的 overcrowded过于拥挤的,extraordina
14、ry 非凡的,rewrite 重写；改写 reuse 再使用,expresident 前任总统 exhusband 前夫,email 电子邮件 ebook 电子书,byproduct 副产品,kilometer 公里,centimeter 厘米,coexist 共存 cooperate 合作,prereading 阅读前 prehistory 史前的,transform (使)改变；使改观,midnight 午夜,supernatural 超自然的,outnumber 在数量上超过,vicechairman 副主席,subtropical 亚热带,multicolored 多色的,semifi
15、nal 半决赛,automatic 自动的,microscope 显微镜 microwave oven 微波炉,二、合成法 两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方法称为合成法。,名词名词,newspaper报纸 teamwork协作 classroom教室,形容词名词,blackboard黑板 highway公路,副词名词,overcoat大衣 underground地铁 outbreak爆发,名词介词短语,fatherinlaw岳父 brotherinlaw姐夫,副词动词,update更新 overlook忽视,名词动词,sunbathe日光浴 proofread校对,名词形容词,color
16、blind色盲的,副词形容词,oversensitive过敏的,名词分词,handmade手工制作的 updated最新的,形容词名词,goodlooking好看的,副词分词,wellmeant好意的 outstanding出色的,形容词名词,gentleman绅士 greengrocer水果商,形容词名词 ed,illmannered不礼貌的 shorttempered易怒的,数词名词 ed,twofaced两面派的 onesided片面的,名词名词 ed,ironwilled有钢铁般意志的,名词名词,sideways向旁边,名词副词,headfirst头朝下,形容词名词,meanwhile
17、同时,介词名词,beforehand事先,不定代词,nobody没有人，everything一切，anyone任何人,三、转化法 转化法：不改变词形，把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。,lookhave a look 看一看 surveymake a survey 调查 walktake a walk 散步,button nv. 扣纽扣 book nv. 预订 seat nv. 容纳 back nv. 支持,slow adj.v. 减慢 narrow adj.v. 缩小 warm adj.v. 加热,.单词填空：用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1I was supposed to
18、 arrive at the airport on time. _ (fortunate)，I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2Therefore，when they become older they are _ (able) to do any other kind of work. 3Very early the next morning，amazingly，we got completely satisfied in a totally _ (expect) way. 4I wont do the purchase because the
19、price of this dress is _ (reason),Unfortunately,unable,unexpected,unreasonable,5Job _ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6All facts are the source of _ (conclude) 7However，most _ (science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with
20、_ (educate) 8Excellent oral and written _ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of _ (important) 9Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require) 10It is your _ (free) to do what you want after class. 11As is known to us all，the Entrance Exam is a great _，and the stud
21、ents are _.(compete),applicants,conclusions,scientists,education,communication,importance,requirement,freedom,competition,competitors,12I am _ (grate) to you for your help. 13He gave me some _ (construct) suggestions. 14A jurys decision in a court case must be absolutely _ (object) 15.He devoted muc
22、h money to building schools in _ (mountain) areas. 16Unfortunately，my car broke down on a _ (mud)road. 17Everyone should play his part in building a _ (harmony) society. 18The _ (mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought.,grateful,constructive,objective,mountainous,muddy,ha
23、rmonious,mysterious,19To make myself _.I would do some _ exercise after work.(relax) 20All the children felt _ when they heard the _ news.(discourage) 21We _ (apology) for the late departure of this flight. 22The article can _ (long) out a little by adding some examples. 23His illness _ (worse) duri
24、ng the night. 24Letting that animal escape was no accident，you did it _ (intention),relaxed,relaxing,discouraging,discouraged,apologized,lengthen,worsened,intentionally,25The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom _(brave) 26Our products are sold _ (world) 27.He went out of t
25、he office _(hurry) to run after her. 28I lost my balance and fell _ (back) 29They live in the _ (west) part of the village. 30Its very important to eat _ (health),bravely,worldwide,hurriedly,backward,western,healthily,.语篇填空A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emp
26、tied almost 200 private safes(保险箱)They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 1._(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls 2._ Saturday night.They tied up a 3._(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank.,equipment,on,security,One 4._(investigate) described the robbery as a
27、 “5._(profession) job”The robbers came in at about 22：00 on Saturday and left at 7：00 on Sunday.They entered through the basements of the neighboring building，digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank，6._ was having building works at the ti
28、me.,investigator,professional,which,When they left，the robbers set the place on fire to 7._ (move) any trace of evidence，switching on the antifire system and flooding the building.8._ (fortune)，the guard escaped 9._ (harm) 10_is difficult to estimate the total value of what was stolen as only the banks clients (储户) know the content of their private safes.,remove,Fortunately,unharmed,It,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,
