构词法之派生法.doc

1、1英语构词法一、构词法之派生法的讲解英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。派生 Derivation前缀前缀含义 例词a- 处在 arise, aside, aloneen- 使可能 enrich, enable, enslavedis- 不，否定 dissatisfy, dishonest, disappear, disorder, disagreeun- 不做相反动作unable, unknown, uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair, unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-im-ir-il-不

2、，非 inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible, impersonal, impolite, immature, impracticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical, non- 不，非 non existent, non-interference, non-conductor, non-stopde- 向相反方向发展 Decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti- 反（对） anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis- 错误的，坏的 misdoings, m

3、isunderstand, misfortunere 重复，再 rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle, co- 共同 co-exist, co-operate, co-educationex 以前的 Ex-husband, ex-presidenttele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescopesuper- 在上面，超级 supermarket, superpower, under- 在之下 underline, underestimate, underground, inter- 相互，之间international, inter

4、act, inter-changesub- 下，次 subtitle, submarine, subconscious, subcontinent, trans- 过，穿过，变 transformation(变形), translatevice- 副 vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi- 半 semifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi 两个 bicycle, biennial 两年一次的tri 三个 triangle 三角形, tricycle 三轮脚踏车, triplets 三胞胎mul- 多，多种 multiply, mul

5、ti-national, multi-colouredkilo- 千 kilometre, kilogram 后缀 2后 缀 例 词-er farmer, weaver, pain-killer, murderer, , villager, stranger, speaker, cooker, recorder, heater-ess actress, waitress, princess, hostess-or conductor, sailor, transistor, operator, -ar beggar-ese Chinese, Portuguese, Japanese-ian m

6、usician, Egyptian, physician-ist scientist, dentist, communist, socialist, -ent/-ant assistant -ment argument, judgment, government-ness happiness, greatness, illness, coldness, sleeplessness-tion dictation, preparation, repetition, action, information, invention-ing building, wedding, painting-ship

7、 leadership, friendship, hardship-age shortage, marriage, leakage-ty loyalty, cruelty, penalty, sixty, twenty, thirty, certainty-th truth, warmth, length, growth, fifteenth, fourth-ance acceptance, assistance, reliance, appearance-ence dependence, confidence, reference, entrance, defence-ful mouthfu

8、l, handful, plateful, 名词-al refusal, denial, arrival-y difficulty, possibility, -dom freedom, wisdom, kingdom-ism socialism, materialism注意： -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词，既有表示人的，又有表示物的。后 缀 例 词-al central, industrial, national, natural-an European, American, Australian-ern eastern, north

9、ern, southern-able reasonable, horrible, terrible, believable, comfortable, forgettable, sensible-ful careful, cheerful, grateful, faithful, -ish childish, Swedish, selfish-ive destructive, collective, active, creative, effective-y thirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy, funny-less careless,

10、hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless, fearless, limitless-en golden, wooden, woolen-ous courageous, famous, continuous, serious, various形容词-ary imaginary, revolutionary, secondary3-ic realistic, historic, poetic-some troublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-like childlike, womanlike, manlike-a

11、nt ignorant, significant, observant, important-ent diligent, silent, excellent, frequent -ly lively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly, motherly-ish childish, foolish后 缀 例 词-ize realize, modernize, mechanize, criticize, -en widen, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen, shorten, quicken, deepen动词-fy

12、 Simplify, beautify, terrify, 后 缀 例 词-ward(s) forward, northward, backward, downward副词 -ly slowly, quickly, carefully, loudly, happily, friendly二、课堂巩固练习.Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left. ( ) 1. enrich A. trying to find jobs( ) 2. semicircle B. remove, get rid of

13、 ice, frost( ) 3. troublesome C. of, having, using imagination( ) 4. sharpen D. make or become sharp( ) 5. job-hunting E. half a circle( ) 6. limitless F. causing trouble( ) 7. imaginative G. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, etc.( ) 8. defrost H. without limit.Use the appropriate form of the

14、words to fill in the blanks. 1. The mother didnt know why her daughter was crying _. (noise)2. He was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)3. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! (happy)4. It snowed _ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy)5. Edison was a great _. Dur

15、ing his life he had many _. (invent)6. More and more _ have come to visit China over these years. （foreign）7. We want _ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy)8. Please give me some reference work. It will _ my task. (simple)9. The boy had the _ of being half starved. (appear)410. The police hav

16、e _ a plot against the President. (cover)11. The doctor said that Marys mother needed an _.(operate)12. She hoped that her son would become a _. (music)13. Few _ words made us excited. (speak)14. The days on the moon get hotter than _ water. (boil)15. Thank you for your _. (kind)16. Many college stu

17、dents work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _. (expensive)17. Most international _ letters are written in English, too. (busy)18. The boy noticed an _ mistake on his paper, but he decided not to say anything about it. (correct) 19. When in Rome, do as the _ do. (Rome)20. The teacher was pleased with her _. (honest)