1、English Word Formation,Deny A. Kwary http:/ Airlanga University,Types of Word Formation,Compounding Prefixation Suffixation Conversion Clipping Blends Backformation Acronyms Onomatopoeia Eponyms Toponyms,1. Compounding,Definition: Two or more words joined together to form a new word. Examples: Home
2、+ work homework Pick + pocket pickpocket The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts. Types of compounds: Compound nouns Compound verbs Compound adjectives,Compound Nouns,Boyfriend, hatchback Cut-throat, breakfast Sunshine, birth control Software, fast food In-crowd,
3、 overkill Drop-out, put-on,Noun + Noun Verb + Noun Noun + Verb Adjective + Noun Particle + Noun Verb + Particle,Compound Verbs,Carbon-copy, sky-dive Fine-tune Overbook Bad-mouth,Noun + Verb Adjective + Verb Particle + Verb Adjective + Noun,Compound Adjectives,Capital-intensive Deaf-mute Coffee-table
4、 Roll-neck White-collar Before-tax Go-go,Noun + Adjective Adjective + Adjective Noun + Noun Verb + Noun Adjective + Noun Particle + Noun Verb-verb,2. Prefixation,Class-changing prefixes: a- asleep V to Adj be- bewitch N to V en- enslave N to V Class-maintaining prefixes: in- indefinite Adj to Adj fo
5、re- foreman N to N Etc.,3. Suffixation,Suffixes forming Nouns N from N: -dom kingdom N from V: -ee employee N from Adj: -ce dependence Suffixes forming Verbs V from N: -ify beautify V from Adj: -en shorten Suffixes forming adjectives Adj from N: -al educational Adj from V: -able understandable Adj f
6、rom Adj: -ish greenish Suffixes forming Adverbs: -ly, -ward, and wise.,4. Conversion,Definition: Assigning an already existing word to a new syntactic category. Types of Conversion Verb to Noun: to hit a hit Adj to N: a final game a final N to V: a sign to sign Adj to V: an empty box to empty,5. Cli
7、pping,Definition: Shortening a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Examples: Gasoline Gas Hamburger Burger,delicatessen microphone ,delimike,6. Blends,Definition: Similar to compounds, but parts of the words are deleted. Examples: Motor + hotel Motel Breakfast + lunch Brunch Wireless
8、 + Fidelity Sheep + goat ,Wi-fiShoat,7. Back-formations,Definition: Creative reduction due to incorrect morphological analysis. Examples: editor (1649) edit (1791) television (1907) televise (1927) Paramedical (1921) paramedic (1967),8. Acronyms,Definition: Words derived from the initial letters of
9、several words and use them as a new word Examples: Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Treats SWOT Self-contained underwater breathing apparatus SCUBA,9. Onomatopoeia,Definition: Words created to sound like the thing that they name.,10. Eponyms,Definition: a person after whom a discovery, inven
10、tion, place, etc., is named. Examples: Celcius (Anders Celcius) Cook Islands (James Cook),11. Toponyms,Definition: a place name, especially one derived from a topographical feature. Examples: Montana (mountains in Spanish) Mississippi (big river in Chippewa),Identify the type of word formation:,1. i
11、nformation, commercials Informercials 2. Babysitter babysit 3. Demi + god Demigod 4. Do + able doable 5. A catalogue to catalogue 6. Drama + comedy dramedy 7. Game + pad gamepad 8. Greek + god Greek god,= Blend = Back-formation = Prefixation = Suffixation = Conversion = Blend = Compound = Compound,Thats all. See you next week.,Deny A. Kwary http:/ Airlanga University,
