1、有关大学生心理压力的来源及缓解办法的探析中英文对照Sources of College Students psychological pressure and mitigation measures of English近年来，大学生面临许多心理健康问题。一般认为导致大学生心理健康问题的直接原因是家庭、学校、社会环境中的各种压力。因此，研究大学生心理压力的特点，有针对性地帮助In recent years, college students face many mental health problems. Is generally believed that the direct cause
2、 of the mental health of college students is a variety of pressures of family, school, society environment. Therefore, study on the characteristics of college students psychological pressure, targeted to help他们缓解心理压力、提高身心健康水平至关重要。They alleviate psychological pressure, improve the level of physical a
3、nd mental health is very important.压力也称为“应激” “紧张” ，是指个体的身心在感受到威胁时所产生的一种紧张状态。如果个体长期处于一种高度的应激状态，就会对身心造成严重损害。 Pressure is also known as the “ stress “ and “ strain “, refers to a state of tension produced by the individuals physical and mental when threatened. If the individual in a high stress state,
4、will cause serious damage to the body and mind.近年来，大学生面临着许多心理健康问题。一般认为导致大学生心理健康问题的直接原因是家庭、学校、社会环境中的各种压力。因此，研究大学生心理压力的特点，有针对性In recent years, college students are confronted with many mental health problems. Is generally believed that the direct cause of the mental health of college students is a var
5、iety of pressures of family, school, society environment. Therefore, study on the characteristics of college students psychological pressure, targeted地帮助他们缓解心理压力、提高身心健康水平至关重要。 To help alleviate their psychological pressure, improve the level of physical and mental health is very important.笔者希望通过对 20
6、07 年京、津、沪、鄂、粤、陕、苏、赣、宁、云、新 11 省（区、市）和新疆生产建设兵团等高校学生思想政治状况的调查分析，进一步了解大学生的心理压I hope that through to the 2007 Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Gan, Ning, cloud, new 11 province ( area, city) analysis and investigation of the ideological and political status of the Xinjiang
7、production and Construction Corps college students, to further understand the psychological pressure力情况，为大学生自身调适心理压力和高校的心理健康教育提供依据。本次调查采用问卷法收集资料，问卷内容包括大学生的基本情况（性别、年级、专业、家庭所在地、政治面貌Force, to provide basis for psychological health education of College Students psychological pressure adjustment and univ
8、ersity. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data, questionnaire, including the basic situation of college students ( gender, grade, major, family http:/ http:/ political affiliation）和大学生的思想状况等。全部问卷回收经过检查核实后进行问卷编码，然后输入计算机，利用 SPSS12.0 分析软件进行统计分析。本次调查实际发放问卷 17186 份，回收有效问卷) and the ideological
9、status. All questionnaires questionnaire coding after examination and verification, and then enter the computer, analysis software for statistical analysis using SPSS12.0. The investigation of 17186 questionnaires, recycling effective questionnaire15660 份，有效回收率 91.1%。被调查者中男生 8515 人，占 54.4%；女生 7145 人
10、，占 45.6%；本科生占 84%，研究生占 8.8%，专科生占 7.2%，其中学生党员占 25.5%。 15660, the effective rate of recovery is 91.1%. The boys surveyed 8515 people, accounted for 54.4%; female 7145, accounting for 45.6%; undergraduate students graduate students accounted for 84%, accounted for 8.8%, college students accounted for 7
11、.2%, which accounted for 25.5% of student party members.一、大学生心理压力的来源 A source, psychological pressure1大学生心理压力的主要来源 The 1 main sources of College Students psychological pressure调查发现，大学生心理压力主要包括学习压力、生活压力和就业压力等方面。有些研究把影响大学生心理压力的因素进一步归结为竞争、经济条件、学习成绩、人际关系、独立The survey found, psychological pressure of col
12、lege students mainly include learning pressure, the life pressure and employment pressure. Some of the factors affecting college students psychological pressure further reduced to competition, economic conditions, learning achievement, interpersonal relationship, independent生活能力、校园环境、家庭环境、专业方向等 8 个方
13、面。本次调查针对“您在大学生活中感到最苦恼的问题”在问卷中列出“学习压力” “经济压力” “就业压力” “对学习环境不8 aspects of life ability, campus environment, family environment, professional direction. The investigation on “ in your university life was most distressed “ listed in the questionnaire “ pressure “ “ economic pressure “ and “employment pr
14、essure “ to “ learning environment is not满意” “对教学质量不满意” “对自己所学专业不满意” “找不到学习动力” “人际关系不和谐”及“其他”等 12 项因素。调查结果表明，就业压力列第 1 位，占 35.6%；其次是学“ Satisfied “ the quality of teaching is not satisfied with the “ “ on their studies are not satisfied with the “ “ cant find the motivation to learn “ “ interpersonal
15、relations are not harmonious “ and “ other “ and other 12 factors. The survey results show that, the employment pressure in first place, accounting for 35.6%; the second is to learn习压力和找不到学习动力，分别占 19.7%和 13.8%；经济压力居第 4 位，占 9.3%。这一结果与以往的调查结果有所不同，在 2006 年同样的问卷调查中，经济压力排在第 2 位，这也与我Learning pressure and
16、cant find the motivation to learn, accounted for 19.7% and 13.8% respectively; the economic pressure ranks fourth, accounting for 9.3%. This result is different from the previous survey, in 2006 the same questionnaire, economic pressures in the second row, this also with me国经济飞速发展的国情有关。但就业压力一直处在第 1
17、位，可见，对于大学生来说，就业压力是普遍存在的，就业压力同时带来学习压力和学习动力不足两种后果。 The rapid development of economic conditions on the. But the employment pressure has been in http:/ http:/ visible, for college students, the employment pressure is widespread, the employment pressure and bring the study pressure and lack of learning
18、motivation two consequences.2不同地域大学生心理压力的主要来源 The 2 main sources of different regional college students psychological pressure调查结果显示，不同家庭所在地的大学生心理压力主要来源有一定的差异，农村大学生心理压力中经济压力所占的比例相对于城市大学生要大，农村大学生经济压力占15.3%，According to the results of the survey, the psychological pressure of college students with dif
19、ferent family sources have certain difference, the economic pressure of rural college students psychological pressure ratio relative to the city college students to rural students accounted for 15.3%, the economic pressure,基本上是城市大学生经济压力（7.7%）的两倍；相对而言，农村大学生的学习压力小于城市大学生，农村大学生学习压力占 15.2%，远小于城市大学生学习压力（2
20、3.5% ） ，这是由Basically is economic pressure City College ( 7.7% ) two times; relatively speaking, the rural students learning pressure is less than the city students, rural students accounted for 15.2%, far less than the city students learning pressure (23.5% ), which is determined by the于农村大学生虽然经济条件不
21、及城市大学生，但他们有较强的学习动力，因而学习压力小于城市大学生。In the rural students while economic conditions than city students, but they have strong learning motivation, and learning pressure is less than the city students.3男女大学生心理压力来源的差异 The differences of the 3 male and female college students psychological pressure source调
22、查结果还表明，男女大学生的心理压力主要来源也有一定的差异，女大学生就业压力占 41.7%，比男大学生就业压力（ 30.9%）多出 10 个百分点，这是由长期以来人们在认知The results also show that male and female college students psychological pressure, the main sources are also some differences, female college students employment pressure accounted for 41.7%, than male college stud
23、ents employment pressure ( 30.9% ) more than 10 percentage points, which is caused by long-term since people in the cognitive上形成的一些偏见导致的。 Some prejudice which leads to.二、大学生心理压力产生的原因 Reason two, college students psychological stress虽然大学生心理压力种类繁多，表现也不尽相同，但究其根源，不外乎大学生身心发展、心理品质和思想素质等几种因素。 Although coll
24、ege students psychological pressure variety, performance is not the same, but the reason, nothing more than the physical and mental development of college students, psychological quality and ideological quality of several factors.改革开放日益深化，社会主义市场经济体制目标也已确立，这些都极大地影响到我们的思想、观念、心理及行为。大学生作为较高知识层次的社会群体，常常是
25、最先敏锐地感受Deepen increasingly in reform and opening up, the socialist market economy system has been established, which greatly affect the thought, idea, psychology and behaviour of our. College students as a high level of knowledge of social groups, often is the first sensitivehttp:/ http:/ The impact
26、 of social change. But in the face of social change, sometimes they will be very much puzzled by difficult to fit in, some poor mental quality of college students are prone to psychological disorders.同时，从大学生成长的角度看，大学生属于青年期，生理发育基本完成。但是，心理学研究表明，处在这一时期的大学生身心发展的矛盾性最为突出，他们面临的最基本的矛盾At the same time, from
27、the perspective of college students growth of college students, belongs to the youth, physiological development basically completed. However, psychological research shows that, in contradiction of the students of this period of physical and mental development of the most prominent, they face the mos
28、t basic contradiction是自我意识的矛盾，他们所设想的理想的“我”总是滞后于现实的“我” ，自我肯定与自我否定交错出现，内心矛盾冲突尖锐、激烈，心理和行为中易出现不协调现象。另外，从大Is the contradiction of self-consciousness, they envisioned the ideal of “ I “ always lag behind the reality of the “ I “, self affirmation and denial staggered, inner conflicts, fierce, not harmonio
29、us phenomenon prone to psychological and behavior. In addition, from the big学生所受到的教育来看，学校教育还没有重视他们心理素质的培养。我国的教育方针是培养德、智、体全面发展的有用人才。然而，在讲德育时，往往重视的是思想品质的培养，却The student receives education, school education is not to cultivate their psychological quality. Our country s education policy is a useful tale
30、nt, wisdom, the body s overall development. However, in terms of moral education, often focus on the cultivation of moral quality, but忽视了性格、情绪的调整；在讲智育时，重视的是智商的高低，却忽视了能力的开发；在讲体育时，重视的是身体素质的提高，却忽视了心理素质的提高。所以，学生心理承受能力Ignore the personality, emotional adjustment; in terms of intellectual education, atten
31、tion is the IQ, but ignored the capacity development; talking about sports, attention is to improve physical fitness, but neglected to improve the psychological quality. Therefore, students psychological ability较差，缺乏引导，心理素质不理想。对于问卷中“您对当代大学生心理素质的评价”一项，统计结果表明， “心理素质很好”的占 9.4%， “心理素质较好”和“心理素质一般”的Poor,
32、lack of guidance, psychological quality is not ideal. The questionnaire of “you of the contemporary college students psychological quality evaluation “ of a, the statistic results show that the “ psychological quality is very good, “ and 9.4%, “ good psychological quality “ and “ psychological quali
33、ty general“分别占 23.3%和 45.8%，而高达 21.5%的大学生认为“心理素质较差或很差” 。对于较高知识层次的群体来说，这样的结 Accounted for 23.3% and 45.8% respectively, and up to 21.5% of the students think that “ psychological quality is poor or very poor “. For the high level of knowledge of population, this node果令人担忧。Fruit worrying.三、缓解大学生心理压力的对
34、策 Strategy three, ease the psychological pressure of university students.http:/ http:/ 1 the positive education to improve college students ideological quality, to enable them to overcome the negative effects of personality psychology要想有效地缓解大学生的心理压力，最重要的是坚持不懈地对大学生进行马克思主义基本原理和人生观教育，帮助他们树立科学的、正确的世界观和人
35、生观，提高他们的思想素In order to effectively alleviate psychological pressure, the most important is unremittingly to basic principle of the Marx doctrine and the life education of college students, help them set up scientific, correct world outlook and outlook on life, improve their ideological and hormone质，
36、增强他们的心理承受能力，帮助他们掌握马克思主义的立场、观点和方法，学会用科学的、全面的、发展的观点和方法分析、认识问题，克服认识上的片面、武断和感情上的偏Quality, enhance their mental capacity, help them to master Marxs feminist standpoint, viewpoint and method, learn how to use the scientific, comprehensive, development ideas and methods of analysis, understanding, to overc
37、ome the one-sided understanding, arbitrary and emotional bias激、固执，学会心理上的自我调节，实事求是地自我评价、自我教育和自我监督，正确对待周围环境以及生活挫折，从而避免沉湎于区区琐事或为无谓的烦恼所困扰。 Bowel, stubborn, learn the psychological self-regulation, seek truth from facts to self evaluation, self education and self supervision, correctly deal with the surr
38、ounding environment and life setbacks, so as to avoid indulging in a trivial or unnecessary difficulties.2积极开展心理健康教育与咨询工作 2 to actively carry out mental health education and consultation对于问卷中“您对本校心理健康教育与咨询的总体评价”一项，表示“满意”的学生有 3289 名，占 21%；表示“ 比较满意”的学生有 7908 名，占 50.5%；表示“有点满意”的学The questionnaire of “y
39、ou to this school mental health education and consultation of the overall evaluation of “ a “ satisfactory “, said the 3289 students, accounting for 21%; said “ satisfactory“ 7908 students, accounting for 50.5%; said “ somewhat satisfied “.生有 1456 名，占 9.3%；表示 “不太满意”的学生有 3007 名，占 19.2%；其中，约 30%的学生对本校
40、心理健康与咨询“不满意”或“不太满意” ，这说明高校对开展心理健康教育与咨Students have 1456, accounted for 9.3%; said “ not satisfied“ 3007 students, accounting for 19.2%; of which, about 30% of the students on the mental health and psychological counseling “ this school is not satisfied with the “ or “ not satisfied“, this indicates
41、that the development of mental health education and counseling询工作还不够重视，工作力度有待加强。心理咨询教育是近年来在一些高校出现的帮助学生克服心理障碍的一种有效形式，它同时也具有预防的功能。心理咨询活动针对咨询对象在Inquiry is not enough attention, efforts need to be strengthened. Psychological education is an effective form in some colleges and universities in recent year
42、s to help students overcome the psychological obstacles, it also has the function of prevention. Psychological consultation for consultation in学生、工作、生活、疾病和保健等方面的心理危机与心理负荷，通过语言、文学等媒介，给予他们及时、有效的帮助和启发教育，提高他们的适应能力，缓解他们的心理紧张和冲http:/ http:/ crisis students, work, life, disease and health care and psycholo
43、gical load, through language, literature and other media, to give them timely, effective help and elicitation education, improve their ability to adapt, to alleviate their psychological tension and conflict。心理咨询教育对还未曾发生心理障碍的大学生也可起到预防作用。 . Psychological counseling education psychological barrier on h
44、as not occurred in the college students may also play a preventive role.3组织丰富的课余活动，促进大学生的身心健康 3 colorful extracurricular activities, promote physical and mental health of College Students对于问卷中“课余时间，您经常选择的娱乐休闲方式”一项，统计结果表明，大学生娱乐休闲方式主要有“体育活动” （占 25.1%） 、 “看电影、听音乐” （占 23.7%） 、 “阅In their spare time in t
45、he questionnaire “, you often choose entertainment and leisure “ a, the statistic results show that college students are the main, entertainment and leisure “ Sports “ (25.1% ), “ the movies, listen to music “ (23.7% ), “read读书刊、报纸” （占 21.9%） 3 项。这说明大学生的娱乐休闲方式基本上是健康的、有益的。这项统计结果同时还表明，男女大学生的娱乐休闲方式有所不同
46、，男生“体育活动”占Read books, newspaper “ (21.9% ) 3. This shows that college students way of recreation and leisure is basically sound, useful. The results also showed that male and female college students, leisure and entertainment in different ways, “ physical activity “ for boys35.7%，几乎是女生（12.5%）的 3 倍，而
47、女生“看电影、听音乐 ”和“阅读书刊、报纸”分别为 29.6%和 28.3%，相对男生的 18.7%和 16.5%的比例高出了许多。 35.7% girls (12.5% ), is almost 3 times, and the girls “ movies, listen to music “ and “ reading books, newspapers “ were 29.6% and 28.3%, 18.7% and 16.5% relative to boys high proportion of many.健康的课余生活可以愉悦身心、获得朋友、增进友谊，减少因压力导致的紧张感。因
48、此，学校应多组织丰富多彩的课余活动，比如各种文体活动、学术讲座、社会实践、志愿者Healthy after-school life can be pleasurable, friends, friendship, reduce the pressure caused by the tension. Therefore, the school should organize rich and colorful extracurricular activities, such as a variety of cultural activities, lectures, social practice, volunteers服务等，这样，不仅使大学生锻炼了能力、拓宽了知识面，而且还能在一定程度上增强个体应对压力的信心和勇气，
