1、 龙文教育学科教师辅导讲义 （第 1 讲） 课 题 时态与语态专题讲解(一)教学目标 7种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、一般过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时教学重点、难点 重点：难点：考点及考试要求 考点：考试要求：教学内容动 词 的 时 态（一）动词时态是历年高考英语中必考内容，其内容基础，但应用灵活，需要在扎实的基础上牢牢把握。一般现在时 do/dose一般过去时 did一般将来时 shall/will do一般过去将来时 would do现在进行时 am/is/are doing过去进行时 was/were doing将来进行时 will be doing现在完
2、成时 have/has doing过去完成时 had done将来完成时 will have done现在完成进行时 have/has been doing一般现在时一般现在时主要用来描述经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态和其他情况。Every day I go to work on foot. We are all teachers . She works in a big company . We work in the same company. You have a brother, so have I, and she has one, too. 主要用于下面几情况：1) 描述当前
3、时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , every day , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. I cycle to work every day . 我每天骑自行车上班。 It seldom rains here . 这儿很少下雨。2）描述状态、性质、特
4、征、能力等等。He can speak five foreign languages . Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。All my family love football .3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The sun rises in the east .The earth goes around the sun . Ten minus two is eight.Light travels faster than sound . 4) 一些与 travel（旅行）有关的
5、动词和其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按规定计划安排要发生的动作。这样的动词常见的有：arrive , begin , start , come , close , depart , end , go , leave , open , return , stop 等。The train leaves at 10:05 a.m. The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m. 从海南飞来的航班下午六点到。5）在时间或条件状语从句中代替一般将来时They will go to the park if the weather is fine tomorrow.一般
6、过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。 一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外） 。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday ,
7、yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , three years ago , )等等。He got his driving license last month. -Wheres Jim? -He just went out.固定句型：1. It is time that sb. did sth. “时间已迟了“ “ 早该了“It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡了。2. would rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事
8、。Id rather you came tomorrow.你还是明天来吧。（注意区别 would rather do sth.)一般将来时主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间“ 是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间“。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作 “。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow. He will arrive here this evening .2) be( am / is
9、 / are ) + going +不定式A）“说话人的意图、打算“；He is going to spend his holidays in London . Who is going to speak first? B) “某种可能性 “ It is going to rain soon . Is he going to collect any data for us? If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描
10、述两种情况：A)按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. B) 要求或命令他人做某事。 You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈妈回来之前你不要出去。4) be about to + 不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beiji
11、ng.注意：be about to do 不能和 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。一般过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个“将来“ 时间绝不会延伸到 “现在“；而仅限于“ 过去时间区域内“。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示“过去某个时间点“ 的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：1)宾语从句或间接引语中；When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be .She told me that she would go on trip
12、to Europe the next day.她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there. 2)表示过去习惯性的动作； During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework.(那时)无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。现在进行时主要用来描述“说话、写文章的当刻 “正在发生的动作，或是 “现阶段“一直在进行的动作
13、。它适用于下面的情况：1）“说话、写文章的当刻 “正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match .She is writing her term paper. Someone is asking for you on the phone.2）“现阶段“一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your n
14、ew job？你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时 “所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种
15、情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , have , return, stay 等。例如：Im leaving Shanghai with my friends this month. We are having a holiday next Wednesday. Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？过去进行时主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示“过去某个时间点“ 的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词
16、组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中：1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。2)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday
17、. She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. We left there when it was getting dark. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。 3)两个动作同时发生，表延续的动作用进行时态，表短暂的动作用一般过去时态。While I was reading a book, my father called me. 将来进行时1)将来进行时的基本用法。表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作。如：Dont phone me between 5 and 6. Well be having dinner then.五点至六
18、点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。When I get home， my wife will probably be watching television. 当我到家时，我太太可能正在看电视。2)表示按计划或安排要发生的动作I will be seeing you next week. 我下个星期来看你。Ill be taking my holidays soon. 不久我将度假了。We shall be going to London next week. 下周我们要去伦敦。3)将来进行时表示委婉语气有时用将来进行时可使语气更委婉。如：Will you be having some t
19、ea？ 喝点茶吧。Will you be needing anything else？ 你还需要什么吗？ 考 点 对 接1.He used to have breakfast at nine oclock when he lived alone. But nowadays he it at ten .A、used to have B、is used to haveC、is having D、has【分析】used to 表示“过去常常” ，现在已经不这样了。故此答案：D2. At present, one of the apartments in favor of the new airpor
20、t _ that it will going a lot jobs to the area. A. is B. are C. will be D. were 【答案】A 【解析】本题考查时态的用法。in favor of 赞成支持( 某人或某事物)，根据 at present =now 可知，应用一般现在时。3. According to the literary review, Shakespeare his charities live through their language in his plays. A. will make B. had made C. was making D
21、. makes 【答案】D【解析】题干是陈述一个客观真理，用一般现在时，选 D。4.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ _ saved for other purposes.A. is B. are C. was D. were 【答案】D【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。raw materials“原材料” ，句意为：该工厂使用了 65%的原材料，其余的用作其它用途。非限制性定语从句中的主语 rest 意为“其余的” ，谓语动词应与 of 后的名词一致，而 which 指代先行词material
22、s，故谓语用复数；定语从句中的谓语应与主句中的谓语动词 used 一致，故用过去时态。从时态和主谓一致两方面考虑，选择 D 项。5.That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taking【答案】C【解析】题干中 must have done 是对过去的肯定推测，因此提示时间在过去，选择一般过去时。6. Bob has gone to California. Oh, can you tell me when he _?A. h
23、ad left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave【答案】B【解析】Bob 已将去了 California，他离开的动作发生在过去，故此用一般过去时。7. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _ into being.A. came B. was coming C. had come D. would come 【答案】A【解析】考查时态的用法。宇宙是如何形成的，因为宇宙的形成这个动作已经发生，所以用一般过去时来表示已经发生的动作。8.Tom, you didnt come to the
24、 party last night?I _, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt【答案】C【解析】动词进行时表示过去将来，本来是准备去的，是过去准备。A 项是不得不，B、D 表示否定，不合题意。故此选 C。9.Daniels family their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoying B. are to enjoyC. will enjoy D. will be e
25、njoying【答案】D【解析】本题时态的用法。句后”this time next week”是将来进行时的标志.10.【2011 湖南卷,22】John, what in your hand?Look! Its a birthday gift for my grandma.A had you held B are you holding C do you hold D will you hold【答案】B【考点】考查现在进行时。【解析】句意为“John，你手里拿的是什么？看，这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。 ”两人对话以现在时间为参考点，现在(说话人说话时) 对方 hold 这个动作正在发生，故用现
26、在进行时。选 B。11.【2011 湖南卷,27】In 1492, Columbus on one of the Bahama islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.A. lands B. landed C. has landed D.had landed【答案】B【考点】考查一般过去时。【解析】句意为“在 1492 年，哥伦布登上了巴哈马群岛，但他误以为是印度的岛屿。 ”in 1492 是过去时的标志，后面叙述的是在这一年里发生的事情。题目没有明确说明“登陆”是发生在“误解”之前的动作，因此，这两个行为都统一在 1492 年里，
27、排除 D，故选 B。12.2010 湖南I walked slowly through the market, where people _all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold答案B考点考查过去进行时。解析根据 “I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示 “人们
28、当时正在出售各种水果和蔬菜”, 即表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 故选 B 项。10.2009 湖南 The food here is nice enough. My friend _ me a right place.A. introduces B. introduced C. had introduced D. was introducing答案B考点考查一般过去时的用法。解析句意为：这里的食物不错。我的朋友介绍给我一个正确的地方。表示过去的行为。13.2008 湖南I called Hannah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get
29、 through. Her brother _on the phone all the time!A. was talking B. has been talking C. has talked D. talked答案A考点本题考查过去进行时。解析句意为：昨天晚上我给汉娜打过很多次电话, 就是打不通。她的哥哥一直在电话上说个不停。此处用过去进行时态表示过去某一时间段内一直在进行的动作。14.2005 湖南 30 If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.- What a pity! Tina _
30、 here to see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been答案B考点本题考查一般过去时。解析尽管上面一句用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 但后面一句谈的却是发生在过去的一件真实情况, 故用一般过去时。15.2005 湖南-Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoni
31、ng 答案D考点本题考查现在进行时。解析此题以现在时间为参考点，现在(说话人说话时) phone 这个动作正在发生，故用现在进行时。选 D。16.2004 湖南Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 答案A考点本题考查一般将来时。解析这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型, 祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句, and 后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时, 这是一个较为固定的句型。17.2004 湖南- I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.- Ob, how nice! Do you know when she _ ? A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left 答案D考点本题考查一般过去时。解析left 是发生在过去的一个动作, 与上文呼应。
