1、1八年级下册 unit 4 知识点直接引语变间接引语一、 直接引语和间接引语概述1. 我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。The girl said, “I like English very much.” 那个女孩说： “我非常喜欢英语。 ”（直接引语）The girl said that she liked English very much. 那个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。 （间接引语）2. 一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask,
2、say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。 “主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.” 他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。 ”“Where are you from?” asked Linda. “你来自哪里？ ”琳达问。二 直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1. 人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词 this 和 these 通常变为 that 和 those 。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三
3、人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。 ”He said that he had come to help me. 他说他是来帮助我的。2. 时态的变化（1） 引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2） 引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时 一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时 现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时【注意】（1） 含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变
4、成过去时态。（2） 若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。（3） 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3. 时间状语的变化now then last month the month beforetoday that day three days ago three days beforetonight that night tomorrow the next daythis week that week next month the next monthyesterday the day before the day after tomorrow
5、 in two days4. 地点状语的变化here there5. 谓语动词的变化come go三. 直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由 that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（ that 可以省略） 。例如：2He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。 ”He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是 say to sb.,则通常改为 tell sb. sth. 结
6、构。例如：He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。 ”He told me that my bike was broken. 他对我说我的自行车坏了。2. 直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由 if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为 say ，应改为 ask. 例如：Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?” 玛丽问我， “凯伦时美国人吗？”Mary
7、asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States. 玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。3. 直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?”约翰问我， “周迅是哪儿的人？”John asked me where Zhou Xun came from. 约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4. 直接引语为祈使句直接引语为祈使句，根据直接引语的语气强弱，采用相应的句型：ask sb to do sth,tell
8、sb to do sth,order sb to do sth.例如：The teacher said to Tom,“Get out!”The teacher told Tom to get out.“Please open the door” Mary said to me.Mary asked me to close the door.“Stand up!”the officer said to the soldiers.The officer ordered the soldiers to stand up.直接引语改为间接引语专题练习1 He said , “Mother, the
9、boy is very naughty.”2 He said to me, “I have left my book in your room.”3 Kitty said “Ill call again after supper this evening.”4 She said, “I will come here again tonight.”5 He said, “I arrived yesterday morning.”6 She said , “My sister will be back tomorrow morning.”7 “The children had better go
10、to bed early,” she said.8 He said , “I have lost my umbrella.”9 Paul said, “Im trying to get a taxi.”10 “I never eat meat.” He explained.11 “Have you been here for ages?” she said.12 “I took the dictionary home with me,” he said.13 “Frank, I came to return you the book,” Henry said.14 He asked, “Are
11、 you sure your mother will come?15 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”16 He said to me, “Please come again tomorrow.”17 He said to me, “Dont do that again.”18 He said, “Where is she going?”319 “Who lives next door?” she asked.20 “Whats happened?” he asked.21 “Where is the airport?” he asked.
12、22.”What have you got in your bag?” the asked .23 “Mary, when is the next train?” he asked.24 “Why did you stop the car, Tom? ” she asked.25 “Is there anyone here?” he asked.26 “Do you know Mrs Green?” he asked me.27 “Shall I wait for them or shall I go on?” the man asked.28 “Shall I lock the car or
13、 leave it unlocked?” she asked.29 “Will you be here tomorrow?” he asked me.30 “Would you like to come in for a drink?” she asked Bill.31 “Could me give me a hand?” Mr Black asked Tom.32 “Youll be back tonight, wont you?” my wife asked me.33 “Dont swim out too far, children,” mother said.34 “Please l
14、et me have a try.” Jane said to the teacher.35 “Do sit down, everybody.” said the hostess.36 “Please dont take any risks,” said his wife.37 “Dont forget to take your pills,” said mother to his daughter.38 “Put down your gun, man!” said the inspector.39 “Be quiet, girls.” said the old man.40 “Bring y
15、our textbook with you tomorrow, please.” The teacher said to her.41 I asked Wang Dong “Are there any spelling mistakes in my exercises?”初中英语直接引语变间接引语练习题将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I never eat meat.” he said.He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3
16、. “I took it home with me.” she said.She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “You must
17、 come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.8. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he _ sit there1
18、0. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?”He asked her mother _ _ _ found it.411. “Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _ _ _been _ days.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked _ _ knew where she _.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He _ the children _
19、_ making so much noise.14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.She told me _ _ _ him the news.15. “Are you intested in this?” he said.He _ _ I was interestd in _.【参考答案】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his 3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes 5. told, had, before 6. had, there 7. had, before 8. asked, if w
20、hether, before 9. told, could 10. how, she, had 11. where, I, had, those 12. if whether, I, lived 13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell 15. asked, if whether, that 直接引语、间接引语练习题二将所给直接引语变为间接引语1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She a
21、sked, “Is this book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I
22、usually get up at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.512He said to me, “I was born in 1978.13The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”14He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”15She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.16Mr. Green said to them, “Joe tol
23、d me all about his story when he asked for a job.”17He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.18She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”19I said to him, “I have finished it.”20She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.”21 “Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young ma
24、n asked.22 “I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.23 “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.24 “Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.25 “What did you do here yesterday?” the old
25、 man asked my brother.附答案：【参考答案 1】1. he, ate 2. told, had, found, his3. she, had, taken 4. rise, goes5. told, had, before 6. had, there7. had, before 8. asked, if whether, before9. told, could 10. how, she, had11. where, I, had, those 12. if whether, I, lived13. told, to, stop 14. not, to, tell15. a
26、sked, if whether, that附答案：【参考答案 2】1 He told me that he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to was
27、te their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up early.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.610 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978.13 The engineer said he
28、was at college in 1967.14 He said he had studied English since he was a boy.15 She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.16 Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.17 He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.18 She said he d
29、emanded that the girl leave at once.19 I told him I had finished it.20 She told us she would come here tomorrow21 The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.22 The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.23 The physics teacher told t
30、he boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.24 Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.25 The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before.在初中英语中直接引语变为间接引语对于学生们来说也是一个难点，因为需要变化的内容很多，这儿有一个关于直接引语变间接引语的口诀，帮助大家来记忆。直接引语变间接引语口诀：直引若是一般问，变间 ifwh
31、ether 连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 toldaskedordered,根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟 to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do 后边行。直接引语变间接引语的人称变化:一主二宾三不变.直接引语的第一人称取决于主句的主语,第二人称取决于主句的宾语,第三人称一般不变。直接引语变间接引语专项练习题三1. Our teacher asked us _ our dictionaries to school.A. bring B. brought C.
32、bring D. to bring2. The teacher told the boy students _ football on the grass.A. not play B. not to play C. played D. playing3. _ Tom didnt go to school?A. Do you know how B. Why do you know C. How you know why D. Do you know why4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _ that prevents her from bei
33、ng as happy as before?A. what it is B. it is what C. how it is D. it is how75. Betty asked her sister _ to the railway station to see her off.A. not to come B. not to go C. to not come D. to not go6. The pupil asked his teacher _ round the earth.A. weather the moon goes B. that the moon wentC. wheth
34、er the moon goes D. whether the moon went7. Mr. Li _ Wang Ling _ a taxi to the airport.A. asked; take B. asked; taking C. told; take D. told; to take8. She asked him _.A. whose dictionary this is B. whose dictionary that wasC. whose dictionary is this D. whose dictionary that is9. Marys mother asked
35、 her _.A. that whether she had finished her homework B. if she has finished her homeworkC. if she had finished her homework D. that if she had finished her homework10. Do you know _?A. what is he doing B. what he doingC. what he is doing D. what does he do now11. I dont know _ to learn English.A. wh
36、en did he begin B. when he began C. he when began D. when he begins12. He asked me _.A. how would the weather be like tomorrow B. what the weather would be like the next dayC. how the weather would be like tomorrow D. what would the weather be like the next day13. You cant imagine _ when they receiv
37、ed these nice Spring Festival presents.A. how excited they were B. how excited were theyC. how they were excited D. they were how excited14. She told me that she _ by her relatives at the bus stop.A. had been seen off B. have seen off C. have been seen off D. had seen off15. Do you remember how many
38、 times _ to Australia?A. had you been B. did you go C. have you been D. you have been16. Can you guess _?A. what is that man B. who that man is C. whom that man is D. who is that man17. More and more students and teachers have began to know _.A. how important the foreign language are B. how the fore
39、ign language is importantC. how important the foreign language is D. how important is the foreign language818. The hostess said that it _ time that they _ supper.A. was; had B. was; had had C. is; have D. is; have had19. The boss asked his secretary _ he had finished typing the report _.A. if; or no
40、t B. if; not C. whether; or not D. whether; not20. I wonder how much _.A. does he spend on his car B. did he spend on his carC. he spent on his car D. he spent in his car直接引语变间接引语专项练习题四 1.“My mother took me to an exhibition yesterday.“she said.2.“We are going to study in Australia next month.“they s
41、aid.3.“Im checking your home work now.“his mother said.4.“Can you tell me how to get to the nearest restaurant?“the man asked the policeman5.“Is your son going to Shanghai today or tomorrow?“he asked.6.“Do you remember what your aunt told you last night?“Li pings father asked him.7.“Where shall i ge
42、t off to change to a No.3 bus?“he asked the conductor.8.“How many car factories have been built in your country?“he asked me.9.“What did Edison do to help the doctor operate on his mother ?“the teacher asked.10.“ Go to the front at once!“the officer said to the soldiers.9直接引语变间接引语专项练习题三巩固练习答案：15DBDA
43、B; 610CDBCC；1115BBAAD；1620BCACC练习题四答案:1.She said her mother had took her to an exhibition the day before .2.They said they were going to study in Australia the next month.3.His mother said she was checking his homework then .4.The man asked the policeman if he could tell him how to get to the neares
44、t restaurant.5.He asked whether my son was going to Shanghai that day or the next day.6.Li pings father asked him if he rememberred what his aunt had told him the night before.7.He asked the conductor where he could get off to change to a No.3 bus.8.He asked me how many car factories had been built
45、in my country.9.The teacher asked what Edison had do to help the doctor operate on his mother.10.The officer asked the soldiers to go to the front at once.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题五一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said that _ _ having supper.2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gina
46、_ me that she _ _ the film.3. “I went home with my sister,” she said.She said that _ _ _ home with her sister.4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.”The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon.5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me.He told me that he _ met her the day _.6. “You must come here before five,” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.7. “I bought the computer two weeks ago,” she said.She said that she _ bought the computer two weeks _.8. “Did you read the book last week?” he
