1、语法专题十二 主谓一致和倒装句(第一课时)2015 年 4 月 29 日 周三考试目标：主谓一致是中考必考的又一个语法项目，通常会在单项选择题完形填空或看图短文填空等题中出现。教学目标：1 复习巩固主谓一致，并对中考的高频考点进行梳理。讲练结合，让学生更具体化地掌握和运用该考点。教学重难点：复习掌握主谓一致三种原则： 语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。考点梳理 主谓一致三种原则： 语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致即主语为单数谓语就用第三人称单数形式，主语是复数，谓语就用复数；意义一致即从含义上去处理一致关系。如主语形式上是单数，但其代表复数意义，则谓语动词用复数；就近原则即谓语的单复数形式取
2、决于就近的主语形式。考点一：语法一致的原则 1. 以单数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数名词时，谓语用复数。 No news is good news.He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.2. 由 and 或 bothand连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。His teacher and friend is
3、a beautiful girl. （指他既是老师也是朋友）The poet and writer has come. （指他既是诗人又是作家，有两种身份）3. 由 and 连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由 each，every 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.4. 主语后面跟有 but ，except，besides，with ，together with，alo
4、ng with，as well as 等介词短语，谓语动词要和主语保持一致。The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.5. 一些有复数意义的名词，如 people，police，cattle，clothes 等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。A lot of people are dancing outside.The police are looking for the lost boy.6. 不定代词或由 each，some，any，no，e
5、very 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。Is everybody ready？Somebody is using the phone.7. 有两部分构成的物体的名词，如 glasses，shoes ，trousers，chopsticks，scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了 a pair of 等，则往往用作单数，谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于 pair 的单复数形式。Your trousers are dirty. Youd better change them.Here are some new pairs of shoes.My new p
6、air of socks is on the bed.8. 动词不定式、v-ing 或句子作主语，谓语动词用单数。To work hard is necessary for a student. Reading is learning.What he said is right.9. “ a number of +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。表示“许多”。“the number of +复数名词” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。表示“的数量”。A number of trees are cut down every year.The number of the students in o
7、ur class is 60.考点再现( B ) 1. The number of teachers in our school _ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school _ from the countryside.A. was; is B. was; are C. were; are D. were; is( A ) 2. The head teacher with his students _the park if it _ tomorrow.A. is going to; isnt rainy
8、B. are going to; isnt rainyC. is going to; wont rain D. are going to; doesnt rain考点二：意义一致的原则1. 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作主语时，把他们看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Twenty years is not a long time.Ten dollars is too dear.2. 有些集体名词，如 family，team，class，group，government，company 等作主语时，如作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数；如指其中每个成员，则用复数。My family is a b
9、ig one. My family are watching TV.His class are going to the park. Her class has 60 students.3. 疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Who is your brother？ Who are League members？考点再现 ( A ) 3. - How much is the pair of shoes? - Twenty dollars enough.A. is B. are C. am D. were考点三：就近原
10、则1. 由连词 or， either.or.， neither.nor.， not only.but also.等连接的并列主语，则谓语动词要与靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I am right.Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it.Not only Tom but also his classmates like playing basketball.2. 在“There be” 句型中或以 here 开头的句子中，谓语动词 be 应和靠近它的名词保持一致。 There are two app
11、les and one egg in it.Here is a letter and some books for you.考点再现( B ) 4. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good at drawing.A. is B. am C. are D. was( B ) 5. There _ still some milk in the fridge. Its unnecessary to go to the store today.A. am B. is C. are D. be语法专题十二 主谓一致和倒装句
12、(第二课时)2015 年 4 月 29 日 周三教学目标：1. 复习巩固主谓一致的和倒装句，2. 对已复习的主谓一致和倒装句内容进行知识梳理，并校对和讲评金牌中考练习。考点梳理 回顾上一节课的内容：主谓一致三种原则： 语法一致、意义一致和就近原则。语法一致即主语为单数谓语就用第三人称单数形式，主语是复数，谓语就用复数；意义一致即从含义上去处理一致关系。如主语形式上是单数，但其代表复数意义，则谓语动词用复数；就近原则即谓语的单复数形式取决于就近的主语形式。考点四：倒装句倒装句就是把谓语放在主语的前面，构成倒装。1. 以 so，neither/nor 引起的倒装句。（1） So + be 动词/助
13、动词/ 情态动词 + 主语，表肯定， 意思是 “某人/物也”。Neither/ Nor + be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词 + 主语， 表否定，意思是 “某人/ 物也不”。这两个结构中的 be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词形式上和前句的谓语一样，但单复数取决于后句的主语。Lucy is very clever. So is Lily.My mother gets up early every day and so does my father.He hasnt seen the film. Neither have I.（2） So + 主语 + be 动词/助动词/ 情态动词，表肯定，意思是 “
14、某人/物的确如此”。Neither/ Nor +主语 + be 动词/ 助动词/情态动词，表否定，意思是 “某人/物的确不”。这两个结构所叙述的是同一人或物，而（1）中所叙述的是不同的人或物。试比较： Lucy works hard at English. So does Lily. 露西努力学英语，莉莉也一样。 Lucy works hard at English. So Lucy does.露西努力学英语，她的确如此。2. 以 here，there 等表方位的副词开头的句子中，如果主语是名词，要倒装。谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Here
15、 is a flower. 这有一朵花。注意：如果主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。Here you are. Here it is.3. There be 句型。典型的倒装句，表示 “某地有某人或某物”。谓语动词要遵循就近原则。There is some food in the fridge.4. 表示方位的副词或介词短语 out，in ，up，down 等谓语动词要和后面的主语保持一致。In the front of the queue is an old woman.考点再现( C ) 6. - Peter, I will visit our teacher this Sunday. - _
16、. Lets go together.A. Nor do I B. I will so C. So will I D.so I will( D ) 7. His father likes keeping dogs and _. A.so is his mother B.so his mother does C. so his mother is D. so does his mother广 东 真 题( ) 1. -Do you need more time to complete the task?-Yes. Another ten days_ enough. (2014广 东） A. is
17、 B. was C. are D. were( ) 2. Not only my friends but also I _ interested in football and Messi is our favorite star.(2013广 东 )A. be B. am C. is D. are( ) 3. -Both Li Lei and Han Meimei _ fond of the TV program A Bite of China.-I am also deeply moved by its stories. A. is B. am （ 2012广 东 ）C. was D. a
18、reBAD( ) 4. David, there _ a dictionary and some books on your desk. Please put them away. OK. Mum. Ill do it right away.A. is B. are C. has D. have（ 2011广 东 ）( ) 5. Robert with his two kids_ to the beach for vacation every year. （ 2010广 东 ）A. go B. goes C. went D. are goingB广 东 真 题A1-5 DAAAD 6-10 CCCAB 11-15 CBABA 16-20 DDBBA中 考 链 接 1-5 AAAAD 6-10 BBDCD 11-15 BCABC 16-20 BBDCA考 点 精 练
