1、8. The following phrases include a head, a complement, and in some cases a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrases.a. rich in minerals APA PPP NPNRich in mineralsb. often read detective stories VPQual V NPA N Often read detective storiesc. the argument against the proposalsNP
2、NP PPDet N P NPDet Nthe argument against the proposalsd. already above the windowPPQual P NP Det Nalready above the window9. The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures.a. A crippled passenger landed the
3、 airplane with extreme caution.Infl P(S)NP Infl VPV NP PP Det AP N None pst Det N P NPAAP NAA crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution b. A huge moon hung in the black sky.Infl P (s)NP Infl VPDet AP N V PPP NP ADet AP NAA huge moon hung in the black skyC. The man examined his car
4、carefully yesterday.Infl P（S）NP infl VP Det N pst V NP Adv AdvDet NThe man examined his car carefully yesterdayd. A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm.Infl P (S)NP Infl VPDet AP N PP V PPP NP P NPDet N Det NA wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm10. The following sentences all
5、 contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences.a. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.InflP(=S)NP Aux V NPNDet A NPN CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsorInflP(=S)NP Aux V NPNDet A NPN CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsb. Helen put on he
6、r clothes and went out.InflP(=S) NP VP VP CON VPVP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outORInflP(=S) NP Infl VP pstVP CON VPVP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outc. Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics.InflP(=S) NP VPVP CON VPN VP NP VP NPV A P N
7、V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics OR InflP(=S) InflNP VPnonpstVP CON VPN VP NP VP NPV A P N V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics 11. The following sentences all contain contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjectiv
8、e, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a. You know that I hate war.SNP VPN V CPC S NP VPNV NPNYou know that I hate wat Gerry believes the fact that Anna flunked the English exam.SNP VP N VP NPNP CPV C SDet N NP VPN V NPDet A N Gerry believe the fact that Anna flunked the
9、 English examb. Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce.SNP VPN V A CPC S NP VPDet N V NP NPN Det NChris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce c. The children argued over whether bats had wings.SNP VPDet N VP CP V P C SNP VPN V NP NThe children argued over whether bats
10、had wings12. a. The essay that he wrote was excellent. Deep structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V APC S Deg PNP Infl VPV NPN NThe essay he wrote that was too long Surface structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V APC S Deg PNP NP Infl VPV NPN N NThe essay that he wrote e was too long b. Hebert bought a house that she l
11、oved.Deep structureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPDet N CPC SNP Infl VPN V NPN Hebert bought a house she loved that Surface structureCPC SNP VPN Infl V NPDet N CPC SNP NP Infl VPN N V NPN Hebert bought a house that she loved ec. The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics.Deep structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V
12、PPC Infl S P NPNP VPNPN V NThe girl he adores whom majors in linguistics Surface structureCPC SNP VPDet N CP V PPC Infl S P NPNP NP VPNPN N V NThe girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics 13.a. Would you come tomorrow?Deep structureCPC SNP VPN Infl V AdvPAdvYou would come tomorrowSurface structur
13、eCPC SInfl NP VPN Infl V AdvPAdvwould you e come tomorrowb. What did Helen bring to the party?Deep structureCPC SNP VPInfl V NP PPN N P NPDet NHelen did bring what to the party Surface structureCPNP C SN InflNP VPInfl V NP PPN N P NPDet NWhat did Helen e bring e to the party c. Who broke the window?Deep structure
