1、乐学书院暑假讲学稿八升九年级英语上课时间： 月 日总第 次内容一、专题内容：现在完成时二、知识点梳理：现在完成时时态讲解及专项练习题时态讲解：现在完成时1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如 recently, already, just
2、, lately, for, since,yet 等。如：I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday.3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.have been to 和 have gone
3、 to 的区别have been to 强调“ 去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“ 不在美国” ）have gone to 主要强调的是 “去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。结构1.肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 +其他2.否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他3.一般疑问句：have/has+ 主语 +动词的过去分词+其
4、他Yes, 主语+have/has. No , 主语+have/has+not4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主语+动词的过去分词+其他二、常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用， (如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与 for, since 连用.1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 already（肯定） , yet（否定，疑问） , just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, al
5、ready, yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)，for+短时间，since+点时间，so far, how long 提问的疑问句中 .He has already obtained a scholarship.I havent seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如 ever, never, twice, several times
6、等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如 up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far 等:Peter has w
7、ritten six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.三、当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait,
8、fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等3. 瞬间性动词在完
9、成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不用has left 常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come
10、 backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here）5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finish be over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upbe up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in （）或 be amember 18、becomebe4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用例如：I ha
11、vent seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）四、区别下面三组词Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来Have been in 表示一直在某个地方五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。1. 过去时表示过去某时发生
12、的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never,
13、just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,六、现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他，have/has+not+主语主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词 +其他， have/has+主语七、现在完成时考点例析一、考查其构成“助动词 have (has) +动词过去分词“构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词 nev
14、er,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kates 是 Kate has 的缩写，故选 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句 )His uncle _ posted the photos to him _.析：already 常用在肯定句中，yet 常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 hasnt, yet。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have析：“so+助/系/情态动词+ 主语“结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中
15、动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为 her parents 是复数,故选 D。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember wher
16、e I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据 yet 和 before 可知,应用现在完成时，故 1 题选 D，2 题选 D。(二)当句中有“for +段时间“或“since +点时间“等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语) 。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan.A.
17、after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选 C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C 均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表 “段时间“的短语连用，故选D。3. I_a letter from him since he left.A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：据 since 可知，应
18、排除 A、C，“hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.“意为“ 收到某人的来信“ ，故选 B。三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的 have，排除 A， B 项意为“去某地了“ ，C 项意为“一直呆在某地“ ，D 项意为“去过某地
19、“，符合题意，故选 D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有“for+ 段时间“结构，据此可排除 C，B 项意为 “去过某地“，不合题意，D 项缺介词，故选 A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与“段时间 “连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型“I
20、ts + 段时间+since+从句“进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city.析：据上题分析，且 since 引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, c
21、ame。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket.A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选 C。1、单项选择。 1 Both his parents look sad Maybe they _ whats happened to him A knew B have known C must know D will know 2 He has _ been to Shanghai, ha
22、s he? A already B never C ever D still 3 Have you met Mr Li _? A just B ago C before D a moment ago 4 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years A is writing B was writing C wrote D has written 5 “Our country _ a lot so far ” “Yes, I hope it will be even _ ” A has changed; well B changed
23、; good C has changed; better D changed; better 6 Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years A was; studying B will; study C has; studied D are; studying 7 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl A know B had known C have known D knew 8 Harry Potter is a very nice film I _ it twice A will see
24、 B have seen C saw D see 9 “These farmers have been to the United States ” “Really? When _ there?” A will they go B did they go C do they go D have they gone 10 “_ you _ your homework yet?” “Yes I _ it a moment ago ”A Did; do; finished B Have; done; finished C Have; done; have finished D Will; do; f
25、inish 11 His father _ the Party since 1978 A joined B has joined C was in D has been in 12 “Do you know him well?” “Sure We _ friends since ten years ago ” A were B have been C have become D have made 13 “How long have you _ here?” “About two months ” A been B gone C come D arrived 14 Hurry up!The p
26、lay _ for ten minutes A has begun B had begun C has been on D began 15 It _ ten years since he left the army A is B has C will D was 二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, _ _?（改成反意疑问句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)_ _have they been here?3、The old man _ last year. He _ _for a year. (die) （动词填空
27、）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory _ _ _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转
28、换)_ two years _ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)1、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.I_already_(see)the film. I_(see)it last week.2._ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3._you _(be)to Hong Kong ?Yes,I _(be)there twice .4._ you ever _(eat )chocola
29、te sundaes? No, never.5.My father _just _(come) back from work.He is tired now.6.Wheres Li Ming? He_(go)to the teachers office.7.Shanghai _(be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _ (become) a large city.8.I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.9.So far I _(make) quite a few friends he
30、re.10.How long _the Wangs _(stay) here?For two weeks.二、句型转换(每空一词)1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill. (就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ learned English ?4.I bought a new bike jus
31、t now.(用 just 改写) I _ just _ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句)We _ _English _three years三、 填入 has / have been 或 has / have gone1.Harry：I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night.Diana：No,it wasnt me.I never there.2. Sam：Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they?Where the
32、y ?Sue：To Florida, again.Sam：How many times they there?Sue：This is their third visit.3. Alan：Wheres Tony? Mary:Hes got a headache ,so he to bed.4. Steve：Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn：Shes out,Im afraid. She to the cinema this evening.Steve：Again? She already to the cinema three times this week.四、
33、 用 for 或 since 填空1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office.She has been there 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late.Weve been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives
34、in those houses.They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital _ October五、A.用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.B.用 since 或 for1) We
35、have learned five lessons _he beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week.3) I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy students ?They _to the school factory.2)- Is your father in?-No, he _to Shenzhen.- _ever_there before?Yes, he _there several times3) He asked me if I _to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _never _ to that city before.
