1、1直接引语是疑问句时:间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask, 或改为 wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, “Do you often come here to read newspapers?“She asked me if (或whether )I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, “You have seen the film, ha
2、vent you?“She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.(2) 选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?“I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3) 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked, “Where do you live?“ He asked me where I lived.直接引语
3、是感叹句时:间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, “What a lovely day it is !“She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.注意 :时态不需要变化的几种情况（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：The teacher said “The earth goes round the sun.“The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
4、（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, “I was born in 1973.“He told me that he was born in 1973.(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, “Im a boy, not a girl.“He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作 ，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：2The girl
5、said, “I get up at six every morning.“The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.(5)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：The teacher said to me . “You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.“The teacher told me that I mus
6、t pay more attention to my pronunciation.He said , “I could swim when I was only six .“He said that he could swim when he was only six.Exercises:1. “ What can I do for you?” he asked me._2. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?”_3. He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”_4. He aske
7、d, “Whats your name?”_5. She said. “My brother wants to go with me. “_6. Chloe said, “The story took place in the 1930s.”_7. The reporter said, “The war is now still on.”阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。A When Christopher Columbus landed on the then unnamed Costa Rica in 1502, he saw many Indians
8、wearing gold earrings. So he thought the land must be rich in gold. He named the place Costa Rica, which means “rich coast” in Spanish.Though little gold was found, Costa Rica today is indeed rich with coffee and bananas. Coffee is the most important product in Costa Rica and most of it is exported
9、(出口) to other countries like America and West Germany. Bananas are the countrys second most important export.3Costa Ricans also grow many other crops such as fruits, corn and beans for their own use. Costa Ricans love colors and their houses are painted in bright colors. Education is very important
10、to the Costa Ricans. Almost every village has a school and education is a must for children between seven and fourteen years of age. Boys and girls go to separate (单独的) schools. Classes begin in March and end in November. The other three months of the year are harvest time and the children have to h
11、elp their parents to pick coffee beans.1. Whats the main idea of the first paragraph?A. How Columbus found Costa Rica.B. How Costa Rica got its name.C. What the Costa Ricans wore. D. What language the Costa Ricans spoke.2. The Costa Ricans may NOT paint their houses _.A. pink and red B. grey and bla
12、ckC. blue and green D. yellow and orange3. In Costa Rica, boys and girls between seven and fourteen _.A. must go to school B. study in the same schoolC. do not have to go to school at allD. can choose to stop schooling at any time4. From December to February, school children in Costa Rica _.A. have
13、lessons every dayB. have their examinationsC. help their parents pick coffee beansD. help their parents decorate their houses 5. This passage is mainly about _.A. Christopher Columbus B. Costa Rica C. some products from Costa Rica D. the education of Costa RicaB Can we give a hand to those endangere
14、d animals? Yes, we may only do a little bit, but together our small actions add up to a lot.41. Protect wildlife habitat.Perhaps the greatest threat that faces many species is the widespread destruction of habitat. Cutting down forests, farming, and development all result in loss of wildlife habitat
15、. In areas where rare species live, habitat destruction can quickly force a species to extinction. By protecting habitat, entire communities of animals can be protected together naturally. Parks and reserves are now all too often the only habitats that are left untouched by habitat destruction.2. Re
16、duce the threat of invasive (入侵的) species.The spread of non-native species has greatly reduced native populations around the world. Invasive species compete with native species for resources (资源) and habitat. They can even prey on native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction.3.
17、 Place decals (贴花纸) on windows.It is reported that as many as one billion birds in the United States die each year because of collisions (碰撞) with windows. You can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing decals on the windows in your home and office.4. Slow down when driving.Many nati
18、ve animals have to live in developed areas and this means they must move in human-living areas. One of the biggest obstacles (障碍) to them is that created by roads. Roads divide habitat and present a constant risk to any animal attempting to cross from one side to the other. So when youre out and abo
19、ut, slow down and keep an eye out for wildlife.6. What would be the best title for this passage?A. How animals go to extinctionB. The importance of protecting wildlife5C. What to do to help save wildlifeD. How to protect wildlife habitat7. By writing the underlined sentence, the writer means that _.
20、A. more parks and reserves should be builtB. we should have more habitats free of destructionC. there is a need for improvement in parks and re-servesD. parks and reserves are good examples of protecting wildlife8. People are advised to put decals on windows to _.A. decorate the houses and beautify
21、the environmentB. protect the windows from birds hittingC. attract more birds to make homes nearbyD. avoid birds hitting the windows by mistake9. The underlined phrase “prey on” in the passage means _.A. drive away B. live with C. kill for food D. fight withC In some countries, students may have to
22、take out a bank loan (贷款) to pay for tuition fees. However, not in Australia. There, students get help from HECS-HELP (Higher Education Contribution Scheme-Higher Education Loan Program).HECS-HELP is a loan system in which the government covers part or all of the tuition. It pays directly to the uni
23、versity on the students behalf.HECS is an Australian invention. Since it was introduced in 1989, it has been copied in other countries including Britain, New Zealand, South Africa, Chile and Thailand. “Its one of the best things about Australia,” exclaimed Justine Davies, 26, an Australian girl. “Wi
24、thout it, I simply wouldnt have been 6able to get tertiary (三等的) education. It makes university education in reach of everybody who wants it.”Davies said she paid only about A$400 each term for her tuition which was “several thousand dollars a year”.One HECS-HELP advantage is that students dont have
25、 to begin repaying until their income is above a certain amount (A$38,148 in 2006-2007), according to the government website. So, a person making A$39,000 in 2006-2007 would pay 4 percent of their income, or A$1,560.The size of repayments rises with income. If the persons income falls below A$38,000
26、, the repayments stop until they are gainfully employed.10. The aim of HECS-HELP is to _.A. help students get a higher scoreB. make everybody receive university educationC. improve students ability of earning moneyD. make students live a better life11. Which of the following countries does NOT carry
27、 out HECS-HELP?A. Australia. B. New Zealand. C. South Africa. D. India.12. One advantage of this program is that _.A. students neednt pay off the loan from the governmentB. students dont have to repay until they get a certain incomeC. it will help students to get a good jobD. it is widely carried ou
28、t all over the world13. If a persons income is A$35,000 in 2007, the repayment should be _.A. A$1,560 B. A$1,650 C. A$1,400 D. zero7DChristian Eijkman, a Dutch doctor, left the Netherlands for the island of Java. Many people on the island had a disease called beri-beri. He was going there to try and
29、 find a cure.At first, Eijkman thought some kind of germ (细菌) caused beri-beri. He raised some chickens. He didnt eat them, but made experiments on them. The local people were quite surprised at that. One day he noticed that his chickens became sick when they were fed the food most Javanese ate refi
30、ned white rice (精炼米). When he fed them with unrefined rice, also known as brown rice, they recovered. Eijkman realized that he had made an important discovery that some things in food could prevent disease. These things were named vitamins (维生素). The Javanese were not getting enough vitamins because
31、 they had actually removed the part that contains vitamins. Later, other diseases were also found to be caused by the lack of vitamins in a persons food. Today many people know the importance of vitamins and they make sure they have enough vitamins from the food they eat. If they dont, they can also
32、 take vitamin pills.14. The underlined word “cure” in Paragragh 1 probably means _.A. a medical treatment B. a kind of vitaminC. a kind of germ D. a kind of rice15. Christian Eijkman went to the island of Java to _.A. spend his holidayB. find ways to grow better crops C. do some research about the i
33、slandD. help the Javanese with their illness16. Why did Christian Eijkman raise some chickens? _A. To eat them. B. To carry out his experiments.C. To give the Javanese a surprise. D. To make money by selling them.817. If a person doesnt get enough vitamins in his diet, hed better _.A. eat more rice
34、B. eat more meatC. eat some chicken D. eat vitamin pills18. We can learn from the passage that _.A. beri-beri was caused by chickensB. the Javanese didnt like vitaminsC. Christian Eijkmans experiment was successfulD. the Javaneses disease was caused by a kind of germ第二节：翻译句子：请根据括号中的提示， 把下列句子译成英语。1.
35、经历把他造就成一个男子汉。(make)_2. 我现在必须得上学去，时候不早了。(have got to)_3. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。(go through) _4. 家长和学校对孩子们的学习都十分担忧。(bothand/ be concerned about)_5. 为了找个好座位， 玛丽早早就到场了。 (in order to)_9答案：阅读： 1-5 BBACB 6-9 CBDC 10-13 BDBD 14-18 ADBDC语法：1. He asked (me) what he could do for me.2. He asked whether I was interested
36、in English. 3. He asked me whether I spoke English or French4. He asked（me）what my name was. 5. She said her brother wanted to go with her.6. Chloe said that the story took place in the 1930s.7. The reporter said that the war is now still on.翻译：1. Experience made him a man.2. I have got to go to school now. Its getting late.3. This country went through too many wars.4. Both the parents and the school are very concerned about the childrens studies.5. Mary arrived early in order to get a good seat.
