1、倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。常见的结构有：1) here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell.Then came the chairman.Here is your letter.2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.Ahead sat an old woman.注意：上述全部倒
2、装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes. Away they went.倒装句之部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。Never have I seen such a performance.Nowhere will you fin
3、d the answer to this question.Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1) Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-roomA.
4、is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。 这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until 等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of the
5、19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案 D. 看到 Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen, No sooner
6、 thanNot only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain heavily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin
7、D. had the game begun答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not onlybut (also), no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when 等等。注意：只有当 Not only but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的 Not only but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。Not only you but also I
8、 am fond of music.so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 表示“ 也“ 、“也不“ 的句子要部分倒装。 Tom can speak French. So can Jack.If you wont go, neither will I.典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案：B. nor 为增补意思 “也不关心“，因此句子应
9、倒装。A 错在用 dont 再次否定， C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D 缺乏连词。注意： 当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“ 的确如此 “。Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.-Its raining hard. -So it is.only 在句首要倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.如果句
10、子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前）。注意：1) 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2) 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.注意:让步状语从句中，有 th
11、ough，although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。其他部分倒装 1) so that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：May you all be happy.3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。Were I you, I would try it again.典型例题
12、：1） Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know答案为 D. 否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2） Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize答案为 B。3) Do you k
13、now Tom bought a new car?I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also解析：答案为 B. 句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示“ 也不“。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so 用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。虚拟语气退时态：真实语气中的现在时变成过去时，过去时变成过去完成时，将来时变成过去将来时 1条件句中： If it were not for；If
14、 it hadnt been for这两种句型表示 “要是没有”，相当于but for If it had not been for the PLA man, he would not be studying English now. ifonly（或 If only）表示“要是就好了” 1名词性从句： Demand /suggest / order / insist / propose / request / ask / advise /prefer /command / desire thatThey demanded that the aggressor troops (should)
15、be withdrawn immediately. 由 insist 引导的宾语从句可以虚拟也可以不虚拟： He insisted that he was right.坚持认为 He insisted that we should agree with him.坚持某事 由 suggest 引导的宾语从句可以虚拟也可以不虚拟： His white face suggests that his not healthy.表明 He suggested that we have a rest.建议 If I could only see him once! If only I had listene
16、d to your advice. 很明显，这种句型省略了主句 2其他状语从句中： as if/ as though /even if Tom looked sad as if he had heard bad news. I wont lend you any money even I had money. 3名词性从句： wish that（hope 后的宾语从句不虚拟） I wish I were as strong as you. How I wish it wasnt raining! would rather/would sooner/had rather that表示“宁愿” I
17、 would rather they came tomorrow. I could go myself but I would sooner you went. I had rather you told him than I did. It is time/high time that It is time we went to bed. +(should) do：虚拟语气是一个比较困难的语法问题。然而只要我们好好总结一下虚拟语气的构成和用法，那就可以化难为易了。现将虚拟语气有关用法归纳如下： 1虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将
18、来式（would ，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用 should + 动词原形也可用 “were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： I would certainly go if I had time（现在） If it should rain，we wouldn”t go out.（将来） If I knew German，I would read the paper to you（现在） If he were here，we could ask him（现在） （2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主
19、句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： If I had set off a little earlier， I would have caught the train She would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy If I hadn”t taken your advice，I would have made a bad mistake If only you hadn”t told him the news （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有 had，sh
20、ould，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将 if 省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help us Should it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outing Were I go（=If I were you）， I would go （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句
21、表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： If it had rained last night（过去），It would be very cold today（现在） If I had taken your advice（过去），I should have no trouble with the work now（现在） 2虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词 suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist 等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即 Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词 w
22、ish /would rather 后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： I suggest that we（should ）set off at once The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed I wish I were as strong as you I would rather that you hadn”t told him 3虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在 It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity 等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即 Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech It is desired that we（should ）get eve 2010/9/15 15:13:25 回答者： 天边外 wendy
