1、情态动词用法学习,.1 - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. 2007 江苏卷- I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. must D. might,2what do you mean,there are only ten tickets?there _be twelve.2009全国卷 Ashould Bwould Cwill Dshall,3. John promised his doctor he _ not smoke, and he h
2、as smoked ever since.2008北京A. might B. should C. could D. would.,C,A,D,情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，have to，shall，should，will，would，need，dare等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，有词义但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和不带to的不定式连用。情态动词一直是高考的重点和难点，本文试就200720082009年全国各省市高考试题中的情态动词考例作一归纳,情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语只作情态动词的 can/could
3、, may/might, ought to， must可情态可实义的 need, dare/dared 可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的 have to, used to,1.Must 表示推测时， 只能用于肯定句。,There must be something wrong with the computer,You have worked hard all day. You must be tired。,注意：Must用于肯定句中可表示“偏偏”。 Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daug
4、hter must go and do the opposite. 自然地，在我交代女儿做什么之后，她偏偏要做相反的事情,. I didnt hear the phone. I must_have been asleep,2.Must +be doing/do 表示对现在的动作进行肯定推测,他现在一定在看小说,He must be reading novels now.,他们买了一辆新车。 他们一定很有钱,They have bought a new car. They must have a lot of money.,3.Must +have done 表示对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断,
5、他们在玩篮球， 他们一定完成了作业。,They are playing basketball, they must have finished their homework.,路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。,The road is wet. It must have rained last night.,must 和have to,1.Must用于一般问句中,肯定回答用must否定式用 neednt或dont have to，做 “不必”,mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”, Must I finish all assignments at a time?,Yes, you must.No, y
6、ou neednt.,You mustnt get down while the car is still moving.,I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.,2.表示“必须”这个意思时，must 和have to 稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。,陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。,对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 ： You must know the
7、 answer to the exercise, dont you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案，是不是？ That must be your bed, isnt it? 那一定是你的床，是吗？,对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测： （一）句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语，这时疑问部分中的动词就用 现在完成时。（havent / hasnt + 主语） You must have told her about it, havent you? 你一定把这事告诉她了，是吗？ （二）陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语，疑问部分的动词就用 一般过去时。（didnt + 主语） She must have r
8、ead the novel last week, didnt she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了，是吗？,3疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 Amust表示“应该”，其疑问部分用mustnt（不应该），如： You must work hard next term, mustnt you ? 下学期你应该努力学习，对吗？ Bmust表示“必须”，其疑问部分用neednt（不必），如： They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作，是吗？ C陈述部分含情态动词mustnt，表示禁止时，疑问部分就可以用must或may， You
9、 mustnt stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方，知道吗？,16He must be helping the old man to water the flowers,_?2009陕西卷,Ais he Bisnt he Cmust he Dmustnt he,B,32.Hi, Tom . Any idea where Jane is? She _in the classroom . I saw her there just now.2009重庆卷 A. shall be B. should have been C. must b
10、e D. might have been,30. -Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here.2009湖南卷-Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need,C,A,1. - Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. 2007 上海卷- Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it.A. must B. should C. must have D. should have2. T
11、he teacher _have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt have wasted time on him, I suppose. 2007 安徽卷A. should B. can C. would D. must,C,D,3. - She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. 2007 江苏卷- I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. must D. might4. In crowded pla
12、ces like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. 2007 北京卷 A. can B. may C. must D. will【知识点归纳】(1) 第1、2、3题都是考查 must have done sth的用法，表示对过去的肯定推测。(2) 第4题 must 表示义务、命令或必要。Keys：1.C，2.D，3.C，4.C,C,C,can, could 和be able to的用法,She can/be able to sing the song in English. This machine c
13、an make you feel comfortable.,1.can, be able to都可表示“能力”,Can的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人,Well be able to finish the work soon. I havent been able to see the film.,2.can只用于现在时和过去时(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。,could用于表示泛指过去的能力。如： I could read when I was four.,Although the soldier was badly wounded, he was abl
14、e to tell what had happened.,3.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。,He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. He was able to swim before he got tired.,表示过去的能力,*was / were able to : “设法做成某事”相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。,can/could,1. can /could 表示推测时，只能用在否
15、定句或疑问句中。,Its so late. Can Tom be reading?,Can it be Mr. Green?,这个人不可能是玛丽， 她生病了。,It cant be Mary. She has fallen ill.,她不可能在说谎。,She couldnt be telling lies.,在疑问句中 Could 比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。 Can you wait a moment please?Liz, can you do me a favor?Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?I
16、wonder if you could help me. (请求),2. can/could have done 在否定句对过去发生行为的可能性进行推测:,刚才我还看见他了， 所以他不可能出国的。,I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.,门是锁着的， 所以她不可能在家。,The door was locked.,She couldnt have been at home.,could(不用can)+have done,在肯定句中表示“本来能够而没能”，具有婉转的批评和责备之意,1. I could have passed my ex
17、am easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes.我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的错误。 2.You could have reported to me earlier.你本该早点告诉我的。,表示对过去发生的事情做出的判断,28. He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he-C- it differently.2009江苏卷,A. could express B. would express,C. could have expressed D. must have expr
18、essed,2008辽宁卷)22. Peter _C_be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general。A. shall B. should C. can 可能性 D. must,(2008陕西卷)9. What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important。A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont,(2008浙江卷)11. You _ be hu
19、ngry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt,C,B,(2008天津卷)6. She _ have left school, for her bike is still here。A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt,(2008福建卷)24. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime。A. must B. can C.
20、 should D. would,A,B,(2008湖南卷)28. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title。must B. need C. can D. would,(2008山东卷)24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you。A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D
21、. can have managed,C,B,3.,考例：1. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. 2007 湖南卷A. shant B. cant C. neednt D.mustnt 2. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where I have put it? 2007 福建卷A. can B. must C. should D. would【知识点归纳】(
22、1)第1题can 表示能力“能，会”。(2) can/could have done 意思是“过去可能做过某事”常用于疑问句。 Keys：1.B，2.A,may/might,1.May/might表示推测时，只能用于陈述句，表示对现在或将来要发生的动作把握不大。,她们明天可能会到这里来。,They may come here tomorrow.,他们可能还在等我们呢。,They may be still waiting for us.,2.might 可用于指过去的行为或者表示可能性更小。,他也许在作功课吧。,He might be doing his homework now.,我问他我是否
23、可以离开。,I asked him if I might leave.,I asked him “May I leave now?”,3.1might/may+have done,May/might have done sth表示对过去的可能性推测“过去可能做了某事”其程度小于must have done sth。不用于疑问句。,She might have been hit by a car or motocycle. 她可能是被一辆小气车或摩托车撞了。The Jinsha Ruins may have been the political and cultural centre of th
24、e ancient Shu Kingdom. 金沙遗址可能是古代蜀国的政治和文化中心。,3.2might+have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。,1.You might not have told her. 你本可以不告诉他的。（事实上你告诉他了） 2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）,4）May 表示许可，表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。May I open the door? We may keep the book for two we
25、eks. 5） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 May you succeed! May you have a nice trip!,May you enjoy happiness in this earthly world!,表示许可: may / might, can / could * might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句. * can, may 表达的语言比较随便. * 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may.,5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A
26、. might B. will C. can D. should 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. can,C,A,5. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _.A. might B. will C. can D. should 6. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _.A. may B. must C. might D. can,C,A,29Some people who
27、 dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they B just be quiet people2009山东卷Amust BmayCshould Dwould,29. The traffic is heavy these days. I D arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?2009辽宁卷 A can B must C need D might,(2008江西卷)26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he
28、 _ better。A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done,(2008重庆卷)30. I cant find my purse anywhere。- You _ have lost it while shopping。A. may B. can C. should D. would,D,A,(2008全国II)17. Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling。A. will B. can C. must D. m
29、ay,(四川卷)10. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed。A. must B. may C. shall D. should,D,B,1. - Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.- You _ it in the wrong place. 2007 江西卷A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put【知识点归纳】(1) May/might ha
30、ve done sth表示对过去的可能性推测“过去可能做了某事”其程度小于must have done sth 。 Keys：1. D,Will /Would you do? (表请求would 更委婉) 表意志，愿望，决心 would表过去反复发生得动作或某种倾向“总是,总要” used to表过去常常（现在已没有这种习惯）“过去常常” used to 可于状态动词连用 would不可以 eg. He used to be a quiet boy. ( ) He would be a quiet boy. ( ),will/would,3. John promised his doctor
31、he _ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.2008北京A. might B. should C. could D. would.,35. But for the help of my English teacher, I-the first prize in the English Writing Competition2009福建卷. A. would not win B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won,D,B,Shall/should,1.shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句
32、中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁。 1)You shall go with me.(命令) 2)You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺) 3)He shall be punished.(威胁)2. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 4)Shall we begin our class?（征求意见） 5)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示) 3.用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。 6) “The interes
33、t _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. should C. must D. shall,a. should 用于表达合理推断。 It is three oclock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.,2. should 的用法,注意：sh
34、ould可表示“居然，竟然”。 I cant believe such a gentleman should be so rude to the old. 我不敢相信这样一个绅士居然对老人如此无礼。,Young people should learn how to use computers. Every citizen ought to obey law. You ought not to go.,3. should常表示劝告、建议、命令，与ought to意义相近，但ought to多表示责任、义务，语气强烈。在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to。,You should/oug
35、ht to have told her the truth earlier. She shouldnt have left without saying a word.,4.should/ought to have done表示责备或批评,意为“本应该做到但没有做到”,用于否定则表示“本不该但”ought to的语气更强烈.,情态动词：shall, will 的多种意义:,shall / will+ 动词原形:,* shall 可表示必须、命令、 警告或征询意见.,* will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句 中表示请求和建议.,* 均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would.,
36、5.,1. - Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?- It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. 2007 全国卷IA. will B. would C. should D.must 2. - My cats really fat.- You _ have given her so much food. 2007 浙江卷A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. shouldnt D. mustnt,3. I told your friend how to get to the
37、 hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. 2007 陕西卷 A. could B. must C. night D. should 4. - Turn off the TV, Jack. _ your homework now? - Mum, just ten more minutes, please. 2007 辽宁卷 A. Should you be doing B. Shouldnt you be doing C. Couldnt you be doing D. Will you be doing【知识点归纳】(1)第1题should表示比
38、较有把握的推测，意思是“按理说,应该” 。(2) 第2、3题should have done sth表示过去本应该做某事却没有做。(3) 第4题should表示义务、责任，用于各种人称。 Keys：1.C，2.C，3.D，4.B,2008上海卷)29. According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding。A. may B. can C. would D. should,(2008江苏卷)35. Im sorry. I _ at you the other day。Forge
39、t it. I was a bit out of control myself。A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shout C. mustnt have shouted,D,B,2what do you mean,there are only ten tickets?there _be twelve.2009全国卷Ashould Bwould Cwill Dshall,13 . I dont care what people think . Well , you _ 2009四川卷,A. could B. would C.
40、 should D. might,A,C,注意对need问句的回答:-Need I finish the work today?-Yes, _.No, _.No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答:-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _.-Must we do it now? -No, you _.,neednt (dont have to),neednt (dont have to),neednt +have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。,1.She neednt h
41、ave gone to the station yesterday. 昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了） 2.You neednt have bought it. 你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）,need作实义动词后面跟-ing形式，用主动式表被动，相当于need to be done。,As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing(to be repaired.),These dishes need be cleaned carefully.(F)Thes
42、e dishes need to be cleaned carefully.(T)These dishes need cleaning carefully.(T),1. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. 2007 上海春 A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt2. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . 2007 陕西卷 A. ne
43、ed repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair【知识点归纳】(1) 第1题neednt 表示没有必要。(2) 第2题need作实义动词后面跟-ing形式，用主动式表被动，相当于need to be done。 Keys：1.C，2.A,高考试题对情态动词的考查热点有： （1）情态动词must + do表义务命令等的用法。 （2）情态动词 + have + done 结构表过去推测或虚拟的用法。 （3）shall表推测、命令或指示、义务或规定、意图或允诺的用法。 （4）can表能力的用法。 （5）need作情态动词和实义动词的用法。,
