1、新疆农业大学科学技术学院课 程 翻译题 目:一心可二用 Polychromic Versus Monochromic。课 程: 科技英语 姓 名: 马静 专 业: 英语 班 级: 092 班 学 号: 095237226 座位号: 指 导教师: 张洁老师 职 称: 2011 年 12 月 11 日题目:一心不可二用指导教师：张洁 姓名：马静 摘要：文化还规定个人在社会进程的信息，确定优先事项、管理时间和与他人的交往。与亚洲人相比，美国人喜欢一心一意的做事， 。对于那些可以一边打电话，一边写备忘录给同事一边又能听着来访商人的叙述，并且一项也不错过的中国行政官员来说，他们自己才是可以一心多用的人，
2、即他们可以同时执行多个任务。关键词：单一文化社会，多元文化，高语境，低语境 Polychromic Versus MonochromicName: Ma JingAbstract：Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individuals. When you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the A
3、mericans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychr
4、omic that is ,they canand refer to do multiple tasks simultaneously.Key words: Monochromic polychromic low-context high-contextPolychromic Versus Monochromic正文：(1)Culture also dictates how individuals within a society process information, set priorities, manage time and interact with other individua
5、ls. Americans, for example, will refer to someone who is less than bright as an individual who “cannot walk and chew gum at the same time”implying that someone who is unable to handle two tasks at once is deficient, Oddly enough, when you compare Americans to people from Asian cultures, it is the Am
6、ericans who like to do things one at a time .Compare that attitude with a Chinese executive who can talk on the telephone, write a memo to a colleague and continue to listen to a visiting businessperson all at the same time without appearing to miss a beat .The Chinese are considered highly polychro
7、mic that is ,they canand refer to do multiple tasks simultaneously.（2）To an individual from a monochromic society ,time is used for ordering ones life ,for setting priorities ,for making a step-by-step list for dong things in sequence ,for dealing with one individual at a time .Americansand most Wes
8、tern societiesare monochromic They believe in linear time that ,because it is limited ,must be used efficiently. They plan their work and work their plan. (3)Most polychromic societies believe that time is circular and therefore eternal. What does not get done in this life will be taken up in the ne
9、xt .Time is used to attempt to accomplish whatever presents itself in whatever order it appears. Efficiency is not as important as the process. (4)A diplomat from Norway recalls how during a visit to Thailand he became offended by what he thought was a rude brush-off by a government official during
10、an informal lunch at a rather posh restaurant.(5)“My counterparts cell phone rang at least a half dozen times during the lunch and he engaged in several extended conversations. On one occasion, a man who introduced himself as the officials accountant came over to our table to discuss an outside busi
11、ness matter. It turns out he had been invited to drop by. Finally another business colleague of the official joined us for coffee. The invitation had been issued earlier in the day .I was offended .I really didnt think heard a word I said during the lunch,”the diplomat says.(6)“It was only after sev
12、eral more trips to Thailand that I learned this is how the Thailand handle their business affairs. I have to admit that in the end it seemed a pleasantly social, if rather chaotic, way to do business .But what amazed me the most was that after first lunch, despite all the distractions, this man was
13、able to restate my presentation almost verbatim. I was impressed. ”(7)People from different cultures process and disseminate information differently. Low-context cultures are much more precise in their communication, providing mountains of detail ,groping for the correct word or phrase to summarize
14、an event .They assume a relatively low level of shared knowledge with the individual they are communicating with and thus feel a strong need to explain all in great detail .Low-context cultures ,such as the United States ,Britain and the Scandinavian countries focus more on what is being said ,rathe
15、r than on who is saying it .Body language, hand and facial gestures are secondary ,if not entirely ignored, to the message itself. Business can be conducted successfully by letter, telephone, fax or email in such cultures .It is not necessary to meet face-to-face with a colleague to get things done.
16、(8)High-context cultures are the exact opposite .Communication tends to be imprecise and as much attention is paid to the person delivering to the message as to the message itself .In high-context culturesmost of Latin America, Asia ,the Middle East and Africa personal encounters are essential befor
17、e business can begin .These people need as much ancillary information as possible .They pay more attention to physical surrounding ,how a business colleague is dressed or coiffured-than individuals from low-context countries .Body language ,facial gestures and voice inflection are important methods
18、of communication. The physical surroundings for a meeting or a business meal are just as important as the substance of the discussion.一心可二用译文：（1）文化还规定个人在社会进程的信息，确定优先事项、管理时间和与他人的交往。例如，美国人认为，那些不聪明的人就像是“不能走路的同时嚼口香糖的人”这就暗示说，不能一心二用的人就是不足的人。但是，与亚洲人相比，美国人喜欢一心一意的做事， 。对于那些可以一边打电话，一边写备忘录给同事一边又能听着来访商人的叙述，并且一项也
19、不错过的中国行政官员来说，他们自己才是可以一心多用的人，即他们可以同时执行多个任务。（2）对于一个来自单一文化社会的人，时间是用来制定人的生活的，确定优先事项，为逐一做事而列出一步步的清单，一个人一次处理一件事情。美国人和许多西方社会的人都是受单一文化影响的人，他们认为时间是线性的，因为是有限的，所以必须有效的利用。他们计划他们所要做的工作，并且完成他们工作中的计划。（3）大多数受一心可多用文化影响的人相信，时间是圆形的，并因此永恒。这一生没有完成的下辈子就会完成。时间常常会试图实现，使自己出现在它想要出现的时间中。效率和过程同样重要。（4）一位挪威的外交官回忆起，在他访问泰国期间，在一个优雅
20、的餐厅里举行的一个非正式的午餐上，他对一位政府官员多次进行其他的事情，打扰了他们的进餐感到非常的生气。（5） “我的同伴的手机在我们吃中午饭的时候响了很多次，并且他正在忙着处理许多其他的事情。一个自称是专业会计师的人来到我们的跟前，讨论外部业务问题，最后发现他只是路过而已。其实这件事情很早就已经说过了。虽然我在午餐中对他人的干扰很不高兴，但我什么都没有说。 ”外交官说到。（6）后来的几次泰国旅行中，我明白了泰国人是如何处理他们的商业事务的。最后我不得不承认，泰国人处理商务事务的方式看起来是很有好的社交方式，虽然看起来有些混乱。但让我吃惊的是，那一次午餐后，尽管有多么分心的事发生，那个政府官员依
21、然可以几乎一字不差的叙述出我所说的。这让我印象极为深刻。（7）经历了不同文化的人就会表现出不同观念的对信息的传播。受低语境文化影响的人都会为他们的交流收集很多正确单词和短语的详细信息，以达到更加的而准确的效果。他们假设和一个低水平的人沟通相关知识时，你会感觉需要做出很详细的解释。低语境的文化，如美国，英国，斯堪的纳维亚这些国家把更多的焦点集中在说了什么，而不是谁在说上。如果没有忽视的话，肢体语言，手势和面部表情都是为表现自己起辅助作用的。在这种文化中，事务可以通过信，电话，传真或者电子邮件的方式得到良好的处理。所以面对面的处理问题也就没有必要了。（8）高语境的文化则是完全相反的。交流往往是不精确的，并且信息本身与信息提供者同样重要。在高语境文化中-大多数拉丁美洲，亚洲，中东和非洲的人认为个人的经历是事物开始所必须的。而这些人需要尽可能多的可以帮助他们自己的信息。他们很注重人的穿着打扮，同事穿什么或者发式是怎样的-谈判的整体环境-和低语境国家的人相比，在他们认为，肢体语言，面部表情和声音的变换也是沟通中一个重要的方式。外在的形象对于会议或者商务宴会的重要性和商谈的主旨一样重要。参考文献:科技英语阅读教程作者:主编:张敏、杨秀芬。主审：韩哲出版社：外语教学与研究出版社。
