1、1第一讲 动词的分类课时数量 2 课时（120 分钟）使用的学生水平 优秀 中等 基础较差教学目标（考试要求）1） 按能否被主语限定分类2） 按其含义分类3） 按其后的结构分类4） 短语动词主要教学内容 一 知识梳理：1. 动词知识网络，让学生在老师的带领下在脑海里形成动词知识网络图。2. 动词按其不同标准进行的分类。3. 动词短语的梳理4. 能力提升：例题和练习题教学重点和难点1. 明白动词在句子中的作用，对于之后时态的学习有很大的帮助。2. 对于实义动词、助动词、情态动词和系动词的定义和使用范围要理解和掌握。3. 能区分瞬间和延续动词，为学好现在完成时打下基础。4. 掌握有代表性的动词短语
2、。建议教学方法 讲练相结合2知识梳理动词知识网络及物动词结构 不及物动词延续性动词意义 非延续性动词谓语动词 动词不定式谓语 动名词非谓语动词 现在分词分词过去分词实意动词连系动词分类形式：am/is/are/was/were/been/beingbe 动词 作用： 构成动词时态、语态和虚拟语气形式：do/does/did助动词 do作用：构成否定、疑问和强调句形式：have/has/had/havinghave作用：构成完成时态、虚拟语气功能现在式：can/may/must/shall/will肯定式 过去式： could/might/had to/should情态动词 进行式：情态动词+b
3、e+doing完成式：情态动词+have done一般式：情态动词+be done动词+副词动词+介词 被动式 动词+副词 +介词3be + 形容词+介词结构 动词+ 名词 完成式：情态动词+have been done 1.按能否被主语限定分类1）限定动词用作句子中的谓语动词，并被主语所限定，有人称和数的变化。如：Facts are more eloquent than words. 事实胜于雄辩。【句中 are 是 be 的现在时复数形式】2)非限定动词又叫非谓语动词。包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。在句子中不能单独做谓语，没有人称和数的变化。如：I am pleased to meet
4、 you. 【to meet you 为动词不定式短语】I saw him standing beside the window. 【standing 为分词】Smoking is harmful to the health. 【smoking 为动名词】2.按其含义分类1)实义动词 实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语的动词。实义动词分为及物和不及物动词。及物动词 vt.:跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。其实及物动词 vt.就是在其后可以直接加名词作宾语。不及物动词 vi.: 本身意义完整不需跟宾语的实义动词。不及物动词需加介词后才能加名词如：He likes to go for a long
5、walk on Sundays.【likes 为实义动词】2）连系动词连系动词表示主语的身份、性质、状态的动词，称为连系动词。4连系动词后一般可跟名词、形容词等作表语。如：be （是）, seem（是乎） , look（看来）, become（变成）, get（变得） grow（变得） ， feel（感到） ， turn（变得，变成） ， appear（看上去，显得） ， remain（仍旧是） ，appear（看上去，显得）， smell（闻起来） ， taste（尝起来） ， sound（听起来）等。连系动词歌诀：系动词分三种， “特征、状态、 （保、变）态”“特征、状态”指第一类单纯表示
6、一种特征、状态，如： be, seem, appear, feel, look, sound, taste, smell. “包态”指保持原有状态，如: remain, keep ,continue. “变态” 改变原有状态，如： become , get , grow, become, go , turn, fall, prove.3)情态动词表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态的动词。情态动词后只能跟动词原形，其被动形式为情态动词+be Vpp 如：can(能), may(可以，也许) , must(必须) , need(需要).【can do passive voice: ca
7、n be done】4)助动词和主要动词构成各种时态，语态，语气等动词形式，以及否定句和疑问句等结构中的动词。包括：shall, will, have, be , should, would, do 等。如：We will go shopping next weekend.5动词种类歌英语动词分四类，行为连系助情态。动作状态为行动，充当谓语有作用。连系动词有词义，不能单独作谓语，要和表语在一起，常用 look, become, be.助动词来无词义，不能单独作谓语。时态，疑问和否定，do, be, will 最常用。情态动词 can, may, must,表示语气和情态，人称与数无变化，动词原
8、形跟着它。1. 按其后的结构分类1） 及物动词和不及物动词及物动词 vt.:跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词。其实及物动词 vt.就是在其后可以直接加名词作宾语。不及物动词 vi.: 本身意义完整不需跟宾语的实义动词。不及物动词需加介词后才能加名词如： 单宾语及物动词Accept 接受 borrow 借 bury 埋 cover 覆盖 defeat 挫败 discover 发现 please 是高兴 put 放 worry 担心 use 运用 forget 忘记 guess 猜测 interest 使感兴趣 surprise 使惊讶you can borrow one book at a time
9、from the library. 双宾语及物动词6a. 加 to 形式的动词有：(v+sth. to sb.) “七给” “一带” to 不少 “七给”：（give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand） “一带”：（bring ）bring 带来 give 给 hand 递 pass 递 pay 付款 post 寄 promise 答应 read 读 return 返还 sell 卖 show 表现 teach 教 tell 告诉 wish 祝愿 I returned him the book.=I returned the book to himb.可
10、变为加 for 形式的动词。(vt +sth for sb.) “ 买” “画” “制作”， 来了。buy 买 choose 选择 draw 画 find 发现 keep 保持 make 使 order 点菜 paint 油漆 save 救护 Ill find you another chance.=Ill find another chance for you.c.既可变为加 to 也可以变为加 for 形式的动词。do 做 play 表演 sing 唱歌 get 得到其他结构：vt+sth.to sb.（declare 声明, explain 解释, announce 宣布, report
11、 报道, introduce 介绍, say 说, suggest 建议, whisper 耳语）7 vt+sbsth.+adj.(believe 相信, drive 驾驶, find 发现, get使, keep 使保持, leave 留下， make 使， push 推, consider 认为, cut 切, dye 染, paint 漆, think 认为) vt+sthsb.+sth. (call 叫, name 命名, make 使变为，wish 祝愿, consider 认为, find 找到, keep 使, choose 选择, elect选举) vt+sb.+to do (
12、advise 建议, allow 允许, ask 要求, expect期望, invite 邀请, get 使, order 命令, tell 告诉, teach 教, wish 希望, warn 警告, want 想要) 这些动词宾补要用不定式，宾语要用动名词。 （如：allow sb to do , allow doing ）allow 允许, forbid 禁止, understand 理解, suppose 猜测, consider 认为, advise 建议, permit 允许 歌诀 A FUS CAP 阿福的帽子。 Vt + sthsb.+ (to be)+n.adj.(beli
13、eve 认为, consider 认为, feel 感觉, find 发现, imagine 想象 , know 知道, suppose猜测, understand 理解, prove 证明, declare 宣布) Vt + sthsb + do（have 使, make 使 , let 让, see 看见, notice 注意, feel 感觉, watch 注意看, look at 看, listen to 听, observe 发现, discover 发现, hear 听）注意：这类动词在变被动时不能省略 to。 “五看三使一感觉They are made to work all d
14、ay long. Vt + sthsb + v-ing(see 看见, hear 听见, keep 使, catch 抓8住, find 发现 , have 让, watch 看, smell 闻到, look at 看, observe 观察, discover 发现, get 使)Can you hear someone playing the piano next door.The boy was last seen playing by the riverside. Vt + sthsb. +Vpp (have 使 , get 使, make 使, find 发现 , feel 感觉,
15、 see 看见, hear, 听见， think 认为, watch 看)I couldnt make myself heard by all the listeners.Vt + sthsb. +asfor 等引起的介词短语(Regard 看着, consider 认为, choose 选择, use 用, keep 保持)You can keep this book as your own.She is considered the best dancer.11. Vt +sth.sb +adv. (ask 问, get 使 , find 发现, let 让, drive 开车, shut
16、 关闭, see 看见, invite 邀请, order 命令, show 领)Can I ask Bob in ?Show the visitor in, please.12.Vt + sthsb. +介词短语 （have 使 , get 使, make 使, find 发现, feel 感觉, see 看见, hear 听见, discover 发现, notice 注意到, keep 保持）Dont have children at home all day. Give them time to play outdoors.9Keep these books on the shelf
17、and take them when necessary.2)不及物动词本身意义完整不需跟宾语的实义动词。不及物动词需加介词后才能加名词。My watch has stopped.She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.3）延续性动词4）非延续性动词4.短语动词1）vi+adv.break out 爆发 break up 打碎 come up 提出 die away 渐渐消失 die off 一个一个死去 drop out 中途放弃 fall behind 落后 get along 进展 get up 起床 give in 放弃 go on 继续
18、grow up 长大 hold on 坚持 hold up 耽搁 look ahead 向前看 pass away 过世 wake up 醒来 start off 出发 stay up 熬夜 watch out 当心 run out 用光 use up 2) vi+prep.account for 解释，说明 break into 破门而入 call for 喜欢 care about 在乎 come across 偶然遇到 deal with 处理 get over 克服 go about 从事 laugh at 嘲笑 10look after 照顾 look into 调查 look fo
19、r 寻找 run into 撞到，偶然遇到 stand for 代表 stick to 坚持insist on 坚持 wait for 等待 wait on 侍候3) vt.+adv.add up 加起来 break off 中断 bring in 引进，赚取 bring up 抚养，提出，呕吐 call off 终止，叫停 carry out 执行 cut off 切断 drink up 喝光 find out 查明 get in 收割 give away 暴露，捐赠 hold up 举起，阻止，抢劫put on 穿上 point out 指出 put off 推迟 put out 使熄灭
20、put up 举起，张贴 pick up 捡起，接某人，无意学会 take off 脱掉，起飞 take up 占据，从事 tear up 撕碎 turn away 打发走 turn off 关闭 turn down 声音调低，拒绝turn in 上交 turn up 出现 wear out 磨损，使筋疲力尽 work out 计算出4) V+adv.+prep .get away from 逃离 get along with 进展，相处get down to 开始做 get through to 与 通话keep away from 远离 keep up with 同步keep on wit
21、h 继续做 live up to 不辜负 look down onupon 蔑视 look forward to 11look out for 警惕 make up for 弥补settle down to 开始做某事 run out of 用完 put up with 忍受 come up with 提出 go in for 喜欢 hold on to 抓住look aboutaroundround for 到处寻找5) v+n.make sense 讲得通 make the bed 整理床铺make a bet 打赌 make a bow 鞠躬 make faces 做鬼脸 make fa
22、shion 做做样子 lose heart 灰心 lose interest 失去兴趣lose patience 失去耐心 lose weight 减肥 take action 采取行动 take advice 征求意见take aim 瞄准 take breath 歇口气take care 当心 take charge 看管 take ones time 慢慢来 take courage 看管take effect 生效 take exercise 做体操 take place 发生 take power 取得政权 take office 就职6) v+ n +prep.make contr
23、ibutions to 对作出贡献 make friends with 和 交朋友make fun of 取笑 make peace with 讲和12make preparations for 为做准备 make progress in 在取得进步make room for 为腾出空间 make sense of 搞清 make way for 让路给 make use of 利用take account of 考虑 take advantage of 利用take arm against 拿起武器反抗 take care of 照顾take charge of 负责，看管 take com
24、mand of 开始控制 take credit for 因而得到好评 take delight in 乐于take hold of 握住 take notice of 注意到 take part in 参加 take pride in 以为自豪7) v+ prep +n.bringto an end 使结束 bringunder control 使在掌控中havein mind 思念 keepin mind 牢记putat ease 使放松 putinto effect 使生效learnby heart 背熟 knowby heart 熟记takeby surprise 使吓一跳 setin
25、 fire 点火烧takeinto account 把 考虑在内 takeinto consideration 把考虑在内 burst into tears 突然大哭 come into being 产生come into power 执政 come into use 开始使用come to the point 言归正传 come into effect 生效13get in touch 取得联系 go to bed 上床睡觉fall into pieces 崩溃 staykeep in touch 保持联系方法归纳：1.主要是要掌握动词分来中实义动词、系动词、情态动词、和助动词的定义和使用，
26、明白延续和非延续动词的概念。2. 要掌握上面得动词短语的意思。课堂精讲例题：1. 以考查动词词义辨析为切入点：考例 1. Does this meal cost $50? I_something far better than this!A. prefer B. expect C. suggest D. suppose答案：B 直接从动词的意思入手，根据语境选择“预计，预料” 。这顿饭花了 50 美元吗？ 我预计的要比这好得多！考例 2. If your race car isnt insured, you may _losing everything when it hit somethin
27、g solid.A. delay B. deny C. avoid D. risk答案：D. 考查动词词义的辨析。四个动词都可以接动名词做宾语。 risk “面临的危险” 。考例 3. Hardly could he _this amount of work in such a short time.A. get through B. get offC. get into D. get down答案：A 考查动词短语的用法和意义辨析。get through 14“做完，完成” 。 考例 4. Modern plastics can _ very high and very low temper
28、ature.(2005,山东,29)A. stand B. hold C. carry D. support【答案及解析】选 A。stand 忍受某事物，经受的起。例如：He cant stand hot weather. hold 支撑住，承受重量； support 支持，支撑重量，养活；carry 携，带，搬动，显然不符合题意。历届考题训练1. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to _ a good research.A. make B. turn C. get D. grow2. On hearin
29、g the news of the accident in the coal mine, she _ pale.A. got B. changed C. went D. appeared3. How do you _ we go to Beijing for our holidays?-I think wed better fly there Its much more comfortable.A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest4. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refus
30、es _ talking while she works.A. working , stopping B. to work , stopping C. working , to stop D. to work , to stop155. After he became conscious , he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod.A. to attack , hit B. to be attacked , to be hit C. attacking , be hit D. having been attacked , hit6. I rea
31、lly cant understand _ her like that.A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating7. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ the exam.A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing8. I dont know whether you happen _, but Im going to study in the USA this September.A. to b
32、e heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt10. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C. to p
33、ut D. putting11. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.16A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating12. When asked by the police , he said that he remembered _ at the party, but not _.A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive , to leave C. arriving , le
34、aving D. arriving , to leave13. He got well-prepared for the job interview , for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost14. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan.A. his being not able B. him not to be able C. his not being able
35、 D. him to be not able15. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again. A. gets B. got C. to get D. getting16. Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers?A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking17. The new type of cellphone _ better if it is adv
36、ertised on TV.A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D. sold18. To his disappointment, the opinion he had stuck _ out wrong.17A. to turn B. to turning C. to turned D. to be turned19. He suggested _ a meeting and it may be suggested he _ in our plan.A. to hold, was interested B. /, was interested C. hol
37、ding , should be interested D. should hold, interested20. All the workers except Jack _ to work at home.A. allow B. allows C. are allowed C. is allowed21. I _ to call on you yesterday , but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.A. didnt intend B. had intended C. intended D. was inten
38、ding22. What do you think of my composition?-It _ well except for some spelling mistakes.A. read B. is reading C. reads D. is read23. _ your saving so fast, or youll end up as a beggar.A. Stop to spend B. To stop to spend C. Stop spending D. Stopping spending24. The two sides _ to make peace, but so
39、mething unusual _.A. had intended, happened B. intended, happened C. intended, had happened D. would intend, happened25. Why did you come to the play you didnt like?18-I shouldnt like _, but my friend insisted. I like _.A. having come, to dance B. to have come , dancing C. to come, to dance D. comin
40、g , dancing26. My demand is that the information referred to in my report _ to Mr Brown without delay.A. to be e-mailed B. e-mailed C. be e-mailed D. being e-mailed27. Try to spend your time just on the things you find _.A. worth doing them B. worth being done C. worthy of doing them D. worthy of be
41、ing done28. Would you like to be a secretary? Our manager is considering _ a new one.A. to hire B. hiring C. to take on D. to have employed29. Can I carry the box for you?-Ill _ getting help from you.A. appreciate B. enjoy C. like D. practice30. The student expected there _ more reviewing classes be
42、fore the final exams.A. to be B. is C. being D. have been31. Who would you rather _ charge of this job, George or Jack?A. have to take B. to have take C. get to take D. get take32. I didnt know the girl you _ the sheep.A. had fed B. had her fed C. had feed D. had to feed1933. When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket _ and the disk in it with the important documents gone.A. picked B. stolen C. missing D. lostKeys 1-5 ACDCD 6-10 DDDBD 11-15 CCBCD 16-20 DACBC 21-25 BCCAB 26-30 CDBAA 31-33 CCA
