1、1Negation 否定句1.full negation2.partial negation3.double negation4.negation in questions5.negation in object clauses6.negation without negative forms1.Full negation 若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。all none （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）both neither （两个都不）everyone no one (nobody)everything nothing 等every nonever nowhereI k
2、now none of them. 他们我都不认识。 I like neither of the books. 这两本书我都不喜欢。 No student goes to the farm on Sundays. 星期天没有学生去农场。 No one/ Nobody in our class likes football. 我们班没有人喜欢足球。Nothing in the world moves faster than light.世界上没有任何东西比光传得更快。There is no sound evidence to prove this.没有可靠的证据可以证明这一点。2.Partial
3、 negation 2 all 的否定式：not all（或：all not）表示“并非都” 、“不是所有的都 “ Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。 Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都会长很高。 both 的否定式：notboth (或：both not) “并非两个 都“ I dont want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。 every 的否定
4、式： “不是每都“ Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.) 不是每本书都有教育意义的。 Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。 This flower is not seen everywhere. 这花并不是随处可见的。 always 的否定式：“并非总是（并非一直） ” He is not always so sad. 他并不是一直都这样悲伤。 entirely, altogether, completely 和 quite 的否定式：“不完全” ， “并非完全”
5、 The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不可以完全信任商人。 He felt not altogether satisfied. 他并不完全满意。I dont agree completely. 我并不完全同意。 What he did was not quite proper. 他做的不十分妥当。 all the time 的否定式：“并非一直” 、 “未必老是” A foolish man does not make a mistake all the time. 3笨人未必老是犯错误。 notand的否定式，被否定的往往是 and
6、 后面的那一部分。 He did not speak clearly and correctly. 他讲得清楚但不正确。 This film is not interesting and instructive. 这部电影有趣但无教育意义。 如果将 and 换成 or， not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。 He did not speak clearly or correctly. 他讲的既不清楚也不正确。Summary如要对 all, both, every, always, 以及 entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和 all the tim
7、e 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如 no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never) at all 等。例如： All of them can do it.- None of them can do it. Both are good.-Neither is good. Everybody likes it. -Nobody likes it. He is always late. - He is never late. We dont trust them entirely. - We never trust them at a
8、ll. He was here all the time. - He was never here.3.Double negationno (not)but,nothing but, nobodybut,相当于 merely 或 only,意为“只不过，不外乎” “都, 没有不” 。 There is not a single car here but is home-made. 这里的汽车都是国产的。Nothing but socialism can save China. 只有社会主义能够救中国。 There is no man but has his faults. 人皆有过。No on
9、e believes but she will succeed. 人们相信他会成功。There is no one but knows him. 人人都认识他。no (not)without 没有不You cannot make egg rolls without breaking eggs.4不打破鸡蛋，就无法做出蛋卷来。有失才有得。There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。 no (not)unless除非 不You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from
10、the dean.除非你有系主任的特批，否则你不能把书借走。in the absence of, not (no) 没有就没有Under this assertion, development cannot take place in the absence of social stability.这个意见认为，没有社会安定，发展就无法进行。 no (none)the less 没有而少She did not work any the less for her illness.她没有因为生病而少做一些工作。nota little 并非不Tom wasnt a little surprised.
11、 汤姆非常惊讶。 noother than不是别的，正是 It was no other than my mother.这正是我的母亲。It is no other than a blackmail to ask such a high price. 要这样的高价简直就是敲诈。 4.Negation in questionsCant you speak more specifically? 难道不能再讲解详细一点吗？No, I cannot.(是的，我不能) Yes，I can. (不是的，我能) 5.Negation in object clauses I dont suppose I sh
12、all be back until 8 oclock.5我想我八点前回不来。He doesnt believe you are right.他认为你不对。 I dont fancy we can win easy victories. 我认为我们不会轻易取胜。 I dont think he was only playing a joke on me just now. 我认为，刚才他决不是仅仅和我开个玩笑。 It is not my opinion that he is the best man for the job.我认为他并不是做这项工作的最佳人选。It is not my thoug
13、ht that he can finish the work within a week.我认为他不可能在一周内完成这项工作。It is not my wish that you should break your word.我希望你不要违背诺言6.Negation without negative forms动词：deny, fail, lack, refuse, protectfrom, keepfrom, etc.名词：absence, loss, exclusion, etc.形容词：free from, short of, last, little, few介词：beyond, ab
14、ove, beside, instead of连词：before, rather than, tootoThe equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一点儿也不复杂。 Control Center. Smoking Free.控制中心，严禁吸烟。The Theory of Relativity worked out by Einstein is now above many peoples comprehension.爱因斯坦提出的相对论，现在还有很多人理解不了。The beauty of the park is more than words
15、can describe.这个公园美得无法形容。The boy has become very rude and it is more than his parents can bear.这男孩变得非常无礼，到了他父母都不能忍受的地步。more than can在意义上相当于英语的 can not，可以翻译为 “简直不，无法，难以” 6He is anything but a scholar.他绝对不是一个学者。The wood bridge is anything but safe.那座木桥一点也不安全。The specification lacks detail.这份说明书不够详尽。Pre
16、sent supplies of food are short of requirements.目前食品供不应求。He is the last man she wants to meet.她最不想见到的人就是他。I have yet to hear the story.我还没有听过那个故事。I have yet to learn the new skill.我没有学那项新技术。 have yet to do结构表示否定意义，相当于 have not yet done，常常翻译为“还没有” 。It is still raining hard outside; we may as well stay here over the night.外面依然在下大雨，我们还不如呆在这里过夜呢。You might as well burn the book than give them to her.你把这些书给他还不如烧毁了好。may (might) as well结构表示否定意义，常常翻译为“还不如” 。
