1、 1. debt n. 欠债debt collector 收债人 bad debt 呆账，坏账，死帐 national debt 国债He promised to pay his debt within a month.他保证在1个月内偿还债务。3. enclose vt. 围住;把.装入信封enclose with 附上，将(某物)装入(信封、包裹等中)Farmers often enclose their land with hedges.农夫们常用树篱将他们的地围起来。I enclose herewith two copies of the contract.随函寄上合同副本两份。4.
2、encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到词义辨析：meet, encounter, confront, face, contactmeet: 普通用词，本义指双方或多方从不同方向或相反方向作相对运动，最终相碰(遇)。encounter: 通常指遇到困难或挫折，也指偶然或意外地相遇。confront: 不可避免地，面对面地相遇，也指敢于正视困难或问题。face: 侧重双方静止地面对面，或指充满勇气、信心和决心去正视人或事。contact: 多指通过书信、电话或直接会面和别人联系，口语用词。If both participate, it may be an actual encounter
3、of bodiless consciousness.如果是双向的，这会是一个真实的与灵魂的相见。I encountered an old friend at Rome.我在罗马邂逅了一个老朋友。5. globe n. 地球，世界;地球仪Magellan was the first person to circumnavigate the globe.麦哲伦是第一个环球航行的人。6. global a. 全球的;总的global village 地球村，世界村 global warming 全球气候变暖The green campaign is a global phenomenon.绿色运动是
4、全球性的现象。7. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览I scanned my pocket for change.我仔细查看囗袋找零钱。The doctors gave him an ultrasonic brain scan.医生给他做了脑部超声波扫描检查。Im too busy to read the whole newspaper, I just scan the headline.我太忙了，没法看整份报纸，只是浏览了一下大标题。10. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的subsequent to 在. 之后, 随后The chairman will be pleased to
5、 discuss the matter with you subsequent to lunch.主席很高兴能与你在吃过午餐之后讨论这个事件。Subsequent events proved me wrong.後来发生的事证明我错了。3. orient vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向 n. 东方I need some time to orient my thinking.我需要一些时间来使我的思想适应。They love paintings from the Orient.他们喜欢来自东方的绘画。4. moisture n. 潮湿The plants absorb moistu
6、re from the soil.植物从土壤中吸取水分。6. region n. 地区;范围;幅度I guess there are much less people in the Arctic regions than here.我想北极地区的人要比这里的少得多。The region near the erupting volcano was evacuated rapidly.火山爆发处附近已迅速撤空。7. register v./n.登记，注册,记录You must register as a member first.你必须先注册成为会员。8. stable a. 稳定的Markets
7、 are flourishing and prices are stable.市场繁荣, 物价稳定。9. sophisticated a. 老于世故的，老练的;很复杂的She is such a sophisticated woman that she saw through his trick at the first sight.她是个十分老练的女人,她一眼就看穿了他的把戏。The publishers techniques for the promotion of his books have become increasingly sophisticated since the 195
8、0s.自20世纪50年代以来,出版商推销书籍的方式愈加复杂。10. splendid a. 极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的My kid sister has a splendid memory.我小妹记忆力极好。The royal couple appeared in splendid array.王室伉俪身穿盛装出现。We won another splendid victory.我们又赢得了辉煌的胜利。1. cancel vt. 取消，废除The match had to be cancelled due to the bad weather.比赛因天气不好只得取消。Ive lost my cre
9、dit card, so I have to go to the bank to cancel it.我的信用卡弄丢了,我得去银行申请作废。2. variable a. 易变的，可变的Prices are variable according to the rate of exchange.物价会随汇率而变动。His mood is as variable as the weather.他的情绪如天气般反覆无常。3. prospect n. 前景，前途;景象He has good prospects.他大有前途。What do you think about the marketing pro
10、spect?你觉得市场前景怎么样?The prospect from the balcony was breathtaking.从阳台上看去景色美极了。4. prosperity n.兴旺，繁荣The empire was on the wane after its period of prosperity.帝国经过全盛以后逐渐衰落。Prosperity destroys fools and endangers the wise.繁荣兴旺既毁了蠢人，也使智者陷于险境。5. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌This is only one aspect of the problem.这只是问
11、题的一个方面。The building has a southern aspect.那座建筑是朝南的。His brother is a man with a serious aspect.他的兄弟是一个外貌严肃的人。6. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付，处理I dont know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作，我不知道她是如何对付的。8.maintain vt. 维持，保持;坚持，主张It is absolutely vital that foo
12、d supplies should be maintained.维持食物的供给是绝对必要的。It is clearly illogical to maintain such a proposition.坚持这种主张显然是没有道理的。He maintains that there are no short cuts to effective management.他断言,有效的管理没有捷径可走。10. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科She is strict in the matter of discipline.她对纪律的要求是严格的。A little discipline wo
13、uld do him a world of good.稍微处分他一下会对他大有好处。Applied linguistics is a new and independent discipline.应用语言学是一门新兴的独立学科。1. domestic a. 本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的Washington responded by freezing the price of domestic oil.华盛顿作出的反应是冻结国内的石油价格。My value for domestic tranquility should much exceed theirs.我应该远比他们重视家庭的平静生活。4
14、. authority n. 权威;当局We see him as an authority on the subject.我们把他看作为这方面的权威。The new building must be financed by the local authority.新大楼的建筑资金必须由地方当局提供。6. attitude n. 态度attitude 后常接 towards/to，指“对于的态度，看法” ，如 her attitude towards/to the question(她对这个问题的看法)。值得注意的是，因上面例子中的宾语是 question，有时候可以用 on代替 to，如 h
15、er attitude on the question。She shows a very positive attitude to her work.她工作态度非常积极。7. community n. 社区，社会Everyone should invest some time in community service.每个人都应该花些时间在社区服务上。The welfare of the community is the same as the welfare of its members.社会的福利就等于其成员的福利。8. commit vt. 犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等)commit
16、oneself to doing something 使自己不得免于They committed outrages on innocent citizens.他们对无辜的市民犯下了暴行。10. distinguish vt. 区分，辨别词义辨析：distinguish, discern, discriminatedistinguish: 普通用词，指辨别者的能力或实际观察到的区别，强调辨别所需的技巧。discern: 语义较笼统，着重精深与准确的观察力，不一定有能力辨别关系密切的各项事物。discriminate: 语气强，指从十分相似的事物中辨出差异，尤其把好坏区分开来。Speeches d
17、istinguish human beings from animals.人类和动物的区别在于人会说话。1. distress n. 痛苦，悲伤 vt. 使痛苦I pray that you will have pity on my distress.求你可怜可怜我的不幸遭遇。He couldnt distress her with his own terrible dilemma.他不能用自己糟糕的困境来折磨她。2. facility n. pl. 设备，设施;便利，方便The college has excellent sporting facilities.这所学院有极好的体育设备。Ce
18、rtainly geothermometry will be used with greater facility in sub-soil exploration and in detecting migrant fluids.可以肯定，地热测量法在地下勘探和测试运移流体方面更便于使用。3. faculty n. 能力，技能;系，学科，学院;全体教员This boy has a faculty of making friends easily.这个男孩有交友的能力。He is the dean of the Faculty of Medicine.他是医学院院长。Both faculty an
19、d students oppose the measures.全体教师和学生都反对这种方法。4. mixture n. 混合，混合物You need a spoon to beat the mixture smooth.你需要用一把调羹来搅均混合液。Air is a mixture, not a compound of gases.空气是气体的混合物，不是化合物。5. mood n. 心情，情绪;语气the subjunctive mood 虚拟语气Im not in the mood to disagree with you.我没有心思跟你争论。6.moral a. 道德上的，有道德的His
20、 behavior transgressed the moral rules of the social conduct.他的行为违背了社会行为的道德准则。8. substance n. 物质;实质The emery is a hard metallic substance.金刚砂是非常坚硬的金属物质。There is not anything of real substance in their book.他们的书中没有什么实质性的内容。9.substantial a. 可观的;牢固的;实质的Substantial profits accrue when sales take off.当销售
21、额突飞猛进之后，可观的利润就开始自然累积。Those workers have built many substantial buildings in the recent years.近几年那些工人建造了许多坚固的建筑。The reforms have made substantial headway.改革取得了实质的进展。10. prompt vt. 促使 a. 敏捷的，及时的Science and technology has prompted the rapid development of modern society.科学技术推动了现代社会的迅速发展。Thank you for y
22、our prompt reply to our telegram.多谢您对我们电报的及时答复。1. strategic a. 战略(上)的，关键的These are our strategic objectives and our high ambitions.这就是我们的战略目标，这就是我们的雄心壮志。2. tense a. 紧张的 v. 拉紧 n. 时态It is difficult to be natural when one is tense.人在紧张的时候很难泰然自若。She tensed, hearing that noise again.她再次听到那个声音就紧张起来。The ve
23、rb is in the present tense.这个动词使用的是现在时态。3. tension n. 紧张(状态)，张力The tension is building up.形势逐步紧张起来。This wire will take 50 pounds tension before breaking.这根金属线在断裂之前能承受五十磅的张力。4. portion n. 一部分词义辨析：part, piece, section, division, portion, fraction, fragment, segment, sharepart: 含义广，最普通用词，常指整体中可大可小的一部分，
24、也可指整体中可分开的独立部分piece: 指整体中的一些个体，尤指从某个整体上分出来的一部分section: 指整体中的分区，部分与部分之间有显著界限division: 通常指按类划分或分割成的部分，常含抽象意义portion: 侧重从整体中所分配到的那一部分，含一定的独立意义fraction: 指包含在全体中的一部分，暗示微不足道的一部分fragment: 指因破裂、分割等产生的支离破碎、不规则的一部分segment: 指某物的特定部分或自然形成的部分，也指线形物品的一段share: 指共有的东西中应占有的一部分I read a portion of the manuscript.我读了原稿
25、的一部分。The cake is big enough to be divided into sixteen portions.这个蛋糕很大，足够分为十六份。6. portable a. 手提式的The new portable computers are going like hot cakes.新的便携式计算机卖得很快。7. decline v. 拒绝，谢绝;下降词义辨析：refuse, decline, reject, repel, denyrefuse: 语气较重，指态度坚决，肯定无疑的拒绝decline: 指婉言谢绝他人的帮助或邀请等reject: 多指由于某物某事某行为不能让人满意
26、而被当面直截了当地拒绝，与之相近的是 spurn，鄙弃之意repel: 作“拒绝”解时，语气比 reject强deny: 指否认(观点)I must regretfully decline your kind invitation.我很抱歉必须拒绝你的盛情邀请。I wish prices would decline.但愿物价下降。8. illusion n. 错觉A mirage is an optical illusion.海市蜃楼是一种视错觉。I thought I saw a ghost but it was just an optical illusion.我以为我看见鬼了，其实只是一
27、种幻觉。9. likelihood n. 可能，可能性There is no likelihood of his succeeding.他没有成功的可能性。10. stripe n. 条纹The entire body of a zebra is marked with black and whitish stripe.斑马的全身都有黑白条纹。1. emphasize vt. 强调，着重We cannot emphasize too much the importance of learning English.我们再怎样强调学英文的重要性也不为过。I would like to emphas
28、ize that we are ready to meet the management at any time.我想着重指出，我们愿意在任何时候与管理部门会谈。2. emotion n. 情感，感情Love, joy, hate, fear and grief are all emotions.爱、喜、恨、惧、悲都是情感。3. emotional a. 感情的，情绪(上)的They offer each other emotional support.他们相互提供感情上的支持。She had a major emotional upset.她情绪上受到了沉重的打击。4. awful a. 极
29、坏的，威严的，可怕的It would be awful if he found out the truth.如果他发现了真相，那就糟了。5. awkward a. 笨拙的，别扭的He seemed as awkward and rough as ever.他跟从前一样拙笨和粗鲁。The heavy axe was awkward to use.这把重斧头不好用。6. clue n. 线索，提示They are now trying to chase down all possible clues.他们现在正在设法寻找一切可能的线索。I gave him another clue, but he
30、 still didnt twig the answer.我又提示他一次，他还是不理解那答案。7. collision n. 碰撞，冲突The liner is reported to have been in collision with an oil tanker.据报道，这艘客轮与一艘油轮相撞。The Government and the unions are on a collision course.政府和工会必将发生冲突。8. device n. 装置，设备The data logger device has been fitted to ships engine room.数字记
31、录仪装置已安装在船只的机舱里。The printer is the most commonly used output device after the monitor.打印机是除显示器外最常用的输出设备。9. devise vt. 发明，策划，想出词义辨析：devise, conceive, formulatedevise: 侧重设计的临时性和权宜性，并隐含有更多的设想可用conceive: 强调在制定计划之前的先有设想构思formulate: 与 conceive相反，指在 devise之后的具体设计活动He devised a new type of transistor.他发明了一种新的晶体管。The government devised a scheme for redeveloping the city center.政府制定了市中心重建计划。10. inevitable a. 不可避免的An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.争论是不可避免的，因为他们彼此非常厌恶。It is gradually borne in on us that defeat be inevitable.我们渐渐地认识到失败是不可避免的。
