1、1定语从句的用法与练习一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格 whom，所有格 whose）等，关系副词包括 where，when，why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从
2、句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（ that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that 作宾语）2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near th
3、e train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）The film （ which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who，whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from 2England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语） Who is the teacher
4、（whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）4.whos 指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语，例如：He is the boy whose bike is lost .他就是丢了自行车的那位男孩子。This is the house whose window broke last night .这就是昨晚窗子打坏的那所房子。注意： （1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we l
5、ived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如： The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用
6、that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one 等不定代词时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被
7、 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 tha
8、t.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？3f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，
9、而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。（
10、3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。练 习：一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A
11、. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.4A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody know
12、s the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family.A. when B. where
13、C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is t
14、he house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born.A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B. which C. where D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一
15、个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the re
16、port in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.三. 用适当的关系代词或关
17、系副词填空1. The house _ we live in is very big.2. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.3. This is the present _ he gave me for my birthday.54. The man _ talked to you just now is an engineer.5. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.6. There is nothing in the world _ c
18、an frighten him.7. She wears a gold ring, _ is very uncommon in our class.8. We visited a factory _ makes toys for children.9. Is this the place _ your father once lived?10.Ill never forget the days _ I joined the League.11.The boss in _company my father worked is a very kind person .12.I dont want
19、to work with a man _hair is so long .13.Look at the lady _name is Pochi .【练习答案】一. 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.D 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B二. 1.The boy who was here a minute ago is my younger brother.2. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is a professor.3. Beijing Hotel where the
20、foreign visitors live is near Tian An Men Square.4. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.5. This is the hall where we listened to the report the other day.6. The car which just passed us was going 90 miles an hour.7. The man who waved us was my uncle.8. I enjoyed reading the book you gave me last week.9. The subject I prefer is science.10.The man I spoke to is a professor.三. 1.that/ which 2.who/ that 3.that/ which 4.who/ that 5.that 6.that 7.which 8.which/ that 9.where 10.when 11.whose 12. whose 13. whose
