1、中考动词短语复习动词短语是中考考查的一个热点,几乎每套题中都要设置 2-3 个考查动词短语的。从题设上看,主要有以下几种形式:1不同的动词,后面加上相同的小品词使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go,get,look,put,set ,turn, take,pay,pick,make 等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away ,for,on,over,等。1)动词+away 构成的短语有:throw away 扔掉;put away 把收拾好;give away 捐赠,分发;carry away 运走;runaway,潜逃;跑开;go away 走开等。
2、2)动词+for 构成的短语有:answer for 负责;provide for 供养;call for 提倡,要求;plan for 打算,为计划;hope for 希望,期待;ask for 请求,寻找;需要;send for 派人去请;go for 努力获取;pay for 偿还,赔偿;wait for 等待;look for 寻找等。3)动词+on 构成的短语有:Try on 试穿,试验;put on 穿上,上演;have on 穿着,戴着;pull on 穿,戴;hold on 不挂断,停止;carry on 继续开展,坚持; keep on 继续;go on 继续;get on
3、上(车、船);come on 赶快等。4)动词+over 构成的短语有:come over 过来;hand over 移交;go over 仔细检查,复习; get over克服,恢复;look over 检查;think over 仔细考虑; take over 接受,接管;turn over 翻转等。5)动词+up 构成的短语有:bring up 抚育,培养;call up 召唤,打电话给;come up 走进,上来;cut up 切碎:fix up. 修理;give up 放弃;go up 上升,增长;grow up 长大;look up 尊敬;向上看;查寻;make up 虚构;弥补,
4、组成;put up 举起,张贴,搭建;pick up 捡起,(开车) 接某人,偶然得到;set up 建立,创 (纪录);send up 发射;show up 揭露,露面;turn up出现,把调高一点;take up 占据,开始从事等。6)动词+out 构成的短语有:go out 出去,熄灭;look out 留神,当心;walk out 走出;set out 出发,开始:put out 扑灭,生产;give out 发出,发表;hand out 分发;pick out 挑选:find out 找出,发现;speak out 大声地说出;turn out 生产,打扫;get out 出去,离
5、开;work out 计算出,解决,锻炼;carry out 实现,执行;bring out 出版,start out 出发,动身等。2. 同一个动词。后面加上不同的小品词(即介词或副词)常见的这些动词有:break, die,call,cut ,come,get,go,look,put,set ,turn,take,pay,pick,make 等。1)break+介词副词的短语有:break down 击败,摧毁;发生故障,(身体)垮掉;break out 爆发;break through 突破,突围;break off 中断,突然停止; break up 打碎;分解;驱散;break in
6、 打断; break into 破门而人;break away 突然离开;逃脱;脱离等。 2)bring+介词的短语有:bring about 使发生;bring back 拿回来,使恢复;bring down 打倒,降低;bring in 引进;bring out 出版,生产;bring up 培养,养育;bring over 使相信,征服等。3)call+ 介词副词的短语有:call after 以的名字命名; call back 叫回,召回,使回忆起; call up 征召入伍,给某人打电话,使想起;call on 号召,拜访某人call in 召集;call off 取消等。4)com
7、e+介词副词的短语有:come in 进来;come from;来自于;come about 产生;come over 过来:come out 出来,出现;come by 从旁经过;come up 上来,走进;come across 偶遇;come along 发生,进步;come after 跟着来;come back 回来;come around 恢复知觉;回来;come down 下来,倒塌等。5)cut+介词的短语有:cut in 插嘴,插入;cut across 抄近路;cut back 减少;cut off 切断;cut up 切碎,cut away 砍掉;cut down 砍倒,
8、削减等等;cut out切掉,裁剪出,停止;cut throug 通过,穿过等。6)get+介词副词的短语有:get about 传播;走动;get through 到达,做完,通过,度过,打通(电话);get in 进入,陷入; get on 上车,进展,融洽相处;get off下车,下来;get across 通过,被理解;get along 进展,融洽相处;get away 离开,脱身等。7)give+介词副词的短语有:give up 放弃;give in 屈服,投降; give away 赠送,捐赠;泄漏;give over 移交,交出,give off 放出,发出,排出; give
9、out 分发,散发,放出(光,热) ;give back 归还等。8)go+ 介词副词的短语有:go ahead 着手,开始(做),进行;go along 进展,前进;go around到处走动;顺便访问;go away 离去,走开;go beyond 超过;go by过去,流逝;go down 下降;go up 上升;go for 喜欢; go off 离开,停止;go over 复习,温习; go through 经历,穿过等。9)1ook+ 介词副词的短语有:look after 照顾,照料;look away 把目光移开;1ook around 环顾;look at 看;look do
10、wn 朝下看; look for 寻找;look into 调查;look out 当心;look through 浏览,检查;等。10)take+ 介词/副词的短语有:take after 长相或举止像 (某个长辈);take away 拿走 ;使停学,使离开 ;使消失;减去;take off 脱下,( 飞机等)升空 ,起飞,打折扣;take up 占用;take a deep/ long breath 深吸一口气;take care 当心;take care of 照顾,料理。【考例】The plane _at three oclock in the afternoon. 广东省A. ta
11、kes off B. takes away C. takes out D. takes down【解析】答案 A。本题考查四个动词短语的区别。 题意为“飞机在下午三点钟起飞” 。故应选 A。take off 是同定搭配,意为“脱下;起飞”等;而 take away 是“带走,拿走”的意思;take out 意为“取出,拿出” ;take down 是“写下,记下”之意。11)turn+介词副词的短有:turn aboutround( 使)向后转,回头,转身; turn against(使)反对(某人);turn away 转过脸去,拒绝;turn back 往回走;turn down 调低,关
12、小,拒绝;turn in 上缴,上交;turn into(使)变成;turn off 关掉;turn on 打开;rum out 熄灭,生产;turn to 求助于,转向;turn up调高,到达,出现等。12)put+ 介词副词的短语有:put aside 把放在一边,积蓄; put back 把 放回原处;put down 放下,镇压;put forward 提出,建议;put in 放进;put off 迟,拖延;put on 穿上,戴上,增加,上演,put out 生产出,出版; put up 举起,张贴等。13)begetbecome+过去分词形容词 +介词的短语有:be dress
13、ed in 穿着;be fond of 爱好,喜爱;be lost in 沉溺于;be located in 位于;be addicted to 沉溺于be used to 习惯于;be curious about 对好奇;be engaged in 忙于,be glad to 乐意;be convinced of 确信,认识到;be aware of 意识到;be worried about 担心等。14)动词+副词 +介词的短语有:add up to 合计达;break away from 从脱离开;come up with想出;catch up with 赶上; get down to
14、开始认真地做某事; go in for参加,追求;keep away from 远离;keep up with 跟上;date back to追溯到;put up with 忍受,容忍 ;run out of 用完; watch out for 当心;look down upon 瞧不起; go ahead with 开始,着手;go along with 一起去,同意;hold on to 坚持等。卖完。只有 D 项符合题意。 短语动词的考察如何区别动词短语与短语动词? 这里有一个便捷的方法可以检验,即看在定语从句中可不可以拆开,可以拆开的是动词短语,不能拆开的便是短语动词。请看下面的例句:
15、 (1) This is the girl who/whom I learn the news from.可以把这个句子改成:This is the girl from whom I learn the news . (2) This is the book that/ which you can refer to.可以改成 This is the book to which you can refer. 以上两句中,learn from 和 refer to 中的介词 from 与 to 分别可移至关系代词 whom 与 which 之前,即定语从句中的先行词 the girl 与 the
16、book 分别作了这两个介词的宾语,由此可以判定 learn from 和 refer to 是动词短语而非短语动词。 下面再看两个例句:(1)The baby whom you looked after yesterday was an orphan. 此句不能改成 :The baby after whom you looked yesterday was an orphan. 因为如果把 look after 拆开后已经不再具有“照看,照料”的意义了,由此可以判定 look after 是一个短语动词。 (2)The sports meet which you mention will b
17、e put off till next week. 此句不能改成:The sports meet off which you mention will be put off till next week. 因为如果把 put off 拆开后已经不再具有“延期,推迟”的意义了,由此可以判定 put off 是一个短语动词。1. 短语动词的分类(1)动词介词常见的有 look for, look after, ask for, laugh at, hear of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如:We often listen to the radio.我们坚持听收音机。Look at t
18、he picture.请看这幅画。She looks after our children 她照料我们的孩子。 (2)动词副词常见的有 give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in,等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,既可放在副词前边,又可放在副词后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前边。如:He always get up early.他总是起得很早。Dont forget to put on your coat.不要忘记穿上大衣。Please wake me up at five.请在五点钟叫醒我。(3)动词副词介词 ww常见的有
19、 go on with, catch up with 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:A doctor came up to me.医生走到我跟前。We must go on with the experiment.我们必须继续实验。 (4)动词名词介词常见的有 take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如:ww.zk5u.ecomPay attention to the teachers teaching. Dont talk to each other.注意听老师讲课
20、,不要交谈。Her job is taking care of the patients.她的任务是照顾病人。(5)动词形容词 常见的有 leave open, set free, cut open 等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词,则宾语可放在形容词的前边,也可放在后边;宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则必须放在形容词前边。如:The prisoners were set free.犯人获释了。He cut it open.他把它割开了。(6)动词形容词 +介词Be used to 习惯于,be afraid of 害怕,be different from 不同于,be fond of 喜欢,
21、 be angry with 生气He wasnt used to hard work.他不习惯艰苦的工作。What are you afraid of? 你怕什么?American football is different from the ordinary football.美国足球不同于一般足球。(7)动词名词常见的有 take place, make friends 等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如:The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.五四运动发生于一九一九年。 I make friends with a lot of people.我和
22、许多人交朋友。2. 短语动词的辨析(1)be made in(在生产或制造) ,be made of(由 组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落),come along(来;随同),come to oneself(苏醒),come true(实现),come out(花开;发芽;出现;出来),come over(过来;顺便来访) , come in(进来),come on(来吧;赶快), come up with(找到;提出 )(3)do ones best(尽最大努力), do well in(在干得好 ), do ones homework(做作业),do some reading
23、(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡),fall behind(落在后面),fall off(从掉下),fall down(倒下;跌倒)(5)get down(下来;落下 ),get on(上车),get to(到达),get up(起床),get back(回来;取回),get off(下来),get on well with(与相处融洽),get married(结婚),get together(相聚)(6)give up(放弃),givea hand(给与帮助),give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去),go on(继续 ),go home(回家),go
24、 to bed(睡觉),go over(过一遍;仔细检查),go out(外出;到外面),go wrong(走错路),go on doing(继续做某事) , go shopping(买东西) ,go boating(去划船), go fishing(去钓鱼),go hiking(去徒步旅行),go skating(去滑冰),go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a look(看一看), have a seat(坐下), have supper(吃晚餐), have a rest(休息), have sports (进行体育活动), have a cold(感冒)
25、, have a cough(咳嗽), have a good time(过得愉快) , have a headache(头痛) ,have a try(尝试)(9)look for(寻找),look out(留神; 注意) ,look over(仔细检查) ,look up(向上看;抬头看) ,look after(照顾) ,look at(看) ,look like(看起来像),look the same(看起来像),(10)make friends(交朋友),make phone calls(打电话),make money(赚钱),make the bed(整理床铺) ,make a n
26、oise(吵闹),make a faces(做鬼脸),make ones way to(往走去),make room for(给腾出地方),make a decision(做出决定),make a mistake(犯错误),make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演;穿上;戴上),put up(挂起;举起),put down(把某物放下来),put away(把某物收起来), put off(推迟)(12)take off(脱掉衣服) , take photos(照相) ,take time(花费时间),take out(取出),take a seat(坐下),take an active part in(积极参加),take care of(照顾;照料;注意 ),take exercise(做运动),take ones place(坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务) ,take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话;交谈),talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn off(关上电灯,收音机,煤气,自来水等),turn down(关小;调低),turnover(把 翻过来)(15)think of(认为;想起), think about(考虑)