1、,AIR FORCE UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS,Section B,Unit 1,Culture Shock,Culture Shock,Like the other skills for your use, the skill introduced in this unit does render you better able in reading.,This practice is designed to help you get a deeper insight into
2、 the skill for this unit.,Reading Skills,随 笔,阅读实践,Reading for the Main Idea in a Paragraph,Being able to determine the main idea of a paragraph is one of the most useful reading skills you can develop. It is a skill you can apply to any kind of reading. The main idea of a paragraph is the thought th
3、at is present throughout the paragraph. In a well-written paragraph, most of the sentences support, describe, or explain the main idea.,Writers frequently use the first sentence of a paragraph to state the main idea, as is clear from the following example taken from Text A:,Reading for the Main Idea
4、 in a Paragraph,随 笔,阅读实践,Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer especially given our traffic-filled
5、streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings. (Para. 5),We work hard at the task of saving time.,随 笔,阅读实践,However, the main idea sentence may also occur in other places: in the middle or at the end of a paragraph. Look at two more examples
6、 taken from Text A:,随 笔,阅读实践,“We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute
7、sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count. (Para. 2),It (= Time) is a precious resource.,“We are slaves to nothing but the clock,” it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almos
8、t real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a persons hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every mi
9、nute to count. (Para. 2),随 笔,阅读实践,Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other be
10、ing labor. (Para. 1),Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.,Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Ti
11、me is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor. (Para. 1),随 笔,阅读实践,Please notice that sometimes there is no sentence in the paragraph that directly states the main idea. That doesnt mean that there isnt a main idea in the paragraph, only the main idea is implied.
12、In these cases, you have to write a sentence to sum up the main idea of the paragraph.,随 笔,阅读实践,随 笔,阅读技巧,Directions: As you read Text B, write down the main idea for some of the paragraphs in your own words.,1. Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Are
13、you like many young people who leave home to study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you
14、 will encounter. Because your views may clash with the,随 笔,阅读技巧,different beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called “culture shock”. At least four e
15、ssential stages of adjustment occur during culture shock. (Para. 1),Studying in a different country is a new experience, but there are also some challenges.,随 笔,阅读技巧,2. The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everything seems t
16、o be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending. (Para. 2),The first stage of culture-shock adjustment is “the honeymoon”.,随 笔,阅读技巧,3. Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. T
17、his is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and eve
18、rything makes you feel distressed and tired. (Para. 3),The second stage of culture shock, “the hostility stage”, eventually occurs.,随 笔,阅读技巧,4. Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects o
19、f culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you
20、 act like a child. You forget everything, and,随 笔,阅读技巧,sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isolation”. You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture sh
21、ock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense,随 笔,阅读技巧,At this point, some defense mechanisms are devised to protect yourself against the effects of cu
22、lture shock.,mechanism is called “rejection”. With this coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help. (Para. 4),随 笔,阅读技巧,5. After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins
23、. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you dont understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust you
24、rself to the new,随 笔,阅读技巧,The third stage of culture shock adjustment, “recovery”, starts.,norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.
25、 (Para. 6),随 笔,阅读技巧,New Words,1,Questions Previewing,2,Passage Reading,3,Choice Making,4,Text B,自测,技巧,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,New Words,随 笔,阅读理解,问题预览,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,Questions Previewing,Directions: F
26、or you to be better conditioned for reading as fast as 100 words per minute, as required in the new type of examination “Fast Reading”, Text B can serve to be your fast-reading material. But, for this purpose, the best course of action is to know what to scan for in your skimming. Thus, the trick is
27、 to keep in your mind the key words of each question before you start off. That is where the “Question Previewing” comes in.,Questions Previewing,1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means _. 2. In the honeymoon stage, _. 3. When you are in the hostility stage, you try to fee
28、l better by _. 4. In the writers eyes, one must be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms because they prevent one from _.,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,Questions Previewing,5. After you deal with your hostility, _. 6. In the third stage, you recover from _. 7. In the final stage o
29、f culture shock, you feel good about the new culture because _. 8. You learn more about yourself when _.,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,课文阅读,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Culture Shock,Para. 1a Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Are you like many young people who leave home to
30、study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom.,Chinese,Question 1,Para. 1b In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter.
31、Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called “culture shock”. At least four essential stages of adjustm
32、ent occur during culture shock.,Chinese,Question 1,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 2 The first stage is called “the honeymoon”. In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the am
33、usement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending.,Chinese,Question 2,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 3 Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is “the hostility stage”. You begin to notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become t
34、ired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people dont treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 4a Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new
35、culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called “repression”. This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you.,Chinese,Question 3,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问
36、题预览,Para. 4b Another type of defense mechanism is called “regression”. This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called “isola
37、tion”. You would rather be home alone, and you dont want to communicate with anybody.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 4c With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least thats what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates
38、you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called “rejection”. With this coping mechanism, you think you dont need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you dont try to ask for help.,Chinese,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 5 The defense mechanisms you
39、utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.
40、,Chinese,Question 4,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 6a After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called “recovery”. In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everythi
41、ng you dont understand.,Chinese,Question 5,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 6b The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see th
42、at even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.,Chinese,Question 6,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 7 The last stage of culture shock is called “adjustment”. In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good becau
43、se you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.,Chinese,Ques
44、tion 7,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 8a Culture shock is not something you can avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it.,Chine
45、se,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,Para. 8b You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.,Chinese,Quest
46、ion 8,随 笔,阅读理解,生词学习,问题预览,随 笔,课文阅读,生词学习,问题预览,Choice Making,1. According to Paragraph 1, studying in a different country means _. A. discovering interesting things and a feeling of freedom B. an opportunity to get rich C. adjusting to culture shock all the time D. meeting both advantages and challenge
47、s,Refer to Para. 1,Choice Making,2. In the honeymoon stage, _. A. you mainly experience the positive elements of life in a new cultureB. you think that everything will always be perfect C. you feel that daytime becomes much longer D. you feel like you are taking a holiday to another country with fri
48、ends,Refer to Para. 2,随 笔,课文阅读,生词学习,问题预览,Choice Making,3. When you are in the hostility stage, you try to feel better by _.A. becoming tired of many things about the new culture B. adjusting to the new cultureC. devising some defense mechanismsD. experiencing the negative parts of the new culture,Re
49、fer to Para. 4,随 笔,课文阅读,生词学习,问题预览,Choice Making,4. In the writers eyes, one must be cautious even when occasionally using one of the defense mechanisms because they prevent one from _. A. feeling that these mechanisms are useful B. being easily affected by cultural differencesC. protecting himself against the effects of culture shock D. making necessary adjustments to the new culture,
