1、非谓语动词作状语1. 作目的状语只能用不定式不定式作状语表示目的时前面可用 in order 或 so as 以示强调, 也可将不定式或 in order 加不定式置于句首（ so as 较少置于句首） 。如：To ensure the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system thoroughly. (上海 2007 春) 2 不定式和动词-ing 形式作结果状语不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加 only。另外，还可用于 too . to
2、 ., enough to ., so / such . as to 等结构中。动词-ing 形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生） ，谓语动词与动词-ing 形式表示的动作是因果关系。如：He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (广东 2005)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, reaching a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (山东 20
3、05)3. 在表示时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况时，通常要用动词-ing 形式或过去分词，不用不定式。句子主语与动词-ing 形式在逻辑上是主动关系，句子主语与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系。如：Faced with a bill for $10,000, John has taken an extra job.(陕西 2006)Dont sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table. (湖北 2006)注意：（1）作方式或伴随状语时常用过去分词，习惯上不用动词-ing 形式的被动式。如：Many parents were w
4、alking about the zoo, followed by their children.（2）表示时间、条件、让步等时，动词-ing 形式或过去分词前可加连词。如：The flowers his friend gave him will die unless watered every day. (四川 2007)4. 作原因状语表示原因时，动词-ing 形式和过去分词通常放在句首，也可放在句末，多用逗号隔开；不定式短语多用于表示情绪的动词、形容词之后。如：Im sorry to have troubled you so much.Driven by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. (浙江 2007)5. 与 not 连用与否定词 not 连用时多用动词-ing 形式，通常不用过去分词和不定式。Not being tested, all the products will have to lose their market.
