1、1Unit1 wise men in history 语法总结（1）句子种类结构图：肯定句 eg: I like going hiking. 我喜欢远足。陈述句（陈述一件事） 否定句 eg: I cant swim.Yes/no 问句 (一般疑问句) : 以 be 动词、情态动词、助动词 do/does/did 开头 句子 wh 疑问句 (特殊疑问句)：以 what/how/why/when/where/which.等开头 （发问） 疑问句 选择疑问句( .or )：提供选择供对方选反义疑问句(主+动, 动+ 主?) ：“陈述部分，反问部分？”do 型：动原开头 Take a seat, pl
2、ease.肯定祈使句 Let 型：let 开头 Lets go ！祈使句 Dont 型: Dont 开头 Dont leave me alone.（表请求、命令等）否定祈使句 No 型：No 开头 No kidding !名词单数：What a bad man he is !感叹名词用 what 不可数名词： What great fun we had !名词复数： What nice cars they are!感叹句 形容词：How beautiful she is!感叹形副动用 how副词：How beautifully she dances.(二)反义疑问句一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句
3、由“陈述句+ 简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式：He likes English, doesnt he? 他喜欢英语，是吗？He doesnt like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？【注】1. 若陈述部分含有 hardly, never, few, nothing ， little，nobody ，seldom 等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式：He has few
4、 friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友，是吗？She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说，是不是？2. 若陈述部分含有 带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式：It is unfair, isnt it? 这不公平，不是吗 ?It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的，是吗?3. 当陈述部分为为 there be 句型时，疑问部分仍用 there 作“主语”：2There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有，是吗？4. 当陈述部分的主语是 指示代词（this ，tha
5、t ，these ，those）时，疑问部分用 it, they 等代词： That is a new car, isnt it? 这是一辆新汽车，是吗?5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时，若陈述部分的主语为 somebody,someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody 等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用 he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用 they：Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到，是吗 ?6.当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything
6、等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语要用 it：Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了吗？Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，不是吗 ?二、含情态动词的反意疑问句1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词：He can speak English, cant he？他会说英语，是吗？We shouldnt go, should we? 我们不应该去，对不对？2. 当陈述部分含有 must 时，要分两种情况： 若 must 表示“ 必须”或 “有必要”，疑问部分用 mustnt
7、 或 neednt：You must leave at once, mustnt neednt you? 你必须 (有必要)马上离开，是吗?但是若陈述部分有 mustnt 表示禁止，疑问部分要 must：You mustnt laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗? 若 must 表示推测，疑问部分不能用 must，而应根据 must 后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式：He must be tired, isnt he? 他一定累了，是吗?三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用 will you：Please help us, will y
8、ou? 请帮帮我们，好吗？Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去，好吗？Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。2. 当祈使句为 Lets时，疑问部分总是用 shall we：Lets go there together, shall we? 我们一起去，好吗?3. 当祈使句为 Let us时，若表示请求，疑问部分用 will you，若表示建议，疑问部分用 shall we：Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗 ?Let us go swimming
9、together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?四、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致：She said that he didnt like it, didnt she? 她说他不喜欢它，是不是？He knows where I live, doesnt he? 他知道我住什么地方，是不是？32.当陈述部分为 I think (believe, suppose) that.等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如： I expect our Englis
10、h teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you? 值得注意的是，当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时，其仍属否定句，故其后的简短问句应用肯定式，而非否定式。例如： I dont believe that he can translate this book, can he? We dont imagine the twins have arrived, have they? 此类句子的回答同“前否后肯 “型反意疑问句一样，如上述后一
11、个句子，若双胞胎已经到了，则回答为“Yes, they have.“；若尚未到达，使用“No, they havent.“。 当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致（此时，否定只看主句，与从句无关.）。例如： Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we
12、 are coming so soon, does she? 五、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分是 Im时，疑问部分通常用 arent I：Im wrong, arent I? 我错了，是吗?Im older than you, arent I? 我年纪比你大，对不对？2. 当陈述部分是 I wish时，疑问部分通常用 may II wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？3. 当陈述部分有 had better 时，疑问部分用 had：Hed better leave here, hadnt he? 他最好离开这儿，是吗？请看如下表格，对
13、号入座1、遵循“前否后肯 ”或“前肯后否 ”的原则:Jim isnt in Class Four, is he?2、前后两句主语相同 :Mr Zhang has been here for four years, hasnt he?3、主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前句主语 后句主语 例 句This/that This is your brother,isnt it?Somethinganythingeverythingnothing Nothing is serious,is it?V.ing/to v.ItSwimming is great fun,isnt it?These/tho
14、se they Those are books,arent they?Everybody/everyoneSomeboby/someoneAnybody/anyoneHe/they Everyone knows this,dont they?(Everyone knows this ,doesnt he?)4Bothand They/you/we Both Tom and Jack came, didnt they?Nobody He Nobody likes to lose money, does he?had better should 或 had We had better go rig
15、ht now, shouldnt we / hadnt we?would rather + V” would like to + V wouldnt Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you?I am Arent I I am your friend, arent I?Lets shall we Lets go for a walk, shall we?let us will you Let us do it by ourselves, will you?Let 接第三人称 will you Let him come in, will you?否定
16、祈使句 Will you Dont make a noise, will you?肯定祈使句 will you 或wont you Come here, will you?Turn off the light, wont you?谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前谓语 后谓语 例句have (有) do Mary has two brothers, doesnt she？have to 用 do We have to get up early, dont we ?had better 用 had We had better go right now, hadnt we?must 用 mus
17、tnt 或 neednt You must do it today,mustnt you/ neednt you?must 表推测跟 must 后面的动词保持一致You must have told her about it,havent you?实义动词 need 用 do He needs help, doesnt he?情态动词 用情态动词 He dare not say so, dare he?“ would rather + V“would like to + V 用 wouldnt Youd like to have some bananas, wouldnt you?“ought
18、 to +V” 用 oughtnt 或 shouldnt We ought to go there, shouldnt we?“used to +V” didnt + 主语”usednt 主语” He used to live in London, usednt he / didnt he?练习：一、填空1、You cant do it, _ _? 2、They are very late for the meeting, _ _?3、She is a lovely girl, _ _?4、He will go home, _ _ ?5、She doesnt like to eat popco
19、rn, _ _ ?6、The baby wont sleep early, _ _ ?7、He has supper at home every day,_ _? 58、They have known the matter,_ _? 9. You cleaned your house last week, _ _ ?10.Your father plays the computer very well, _ _ ?11. They look so happy today, _ _ ?12. She never tells a lie, _ _? 13. He was seldom late,
20、_ _? 14. I am a very honest man, _ _? 15. Something is wrong with the computer, _ _ ? 16. Nothing has happened to them, _ _? 17. Someone has taken the seat,_ _? 18. Everyone has done their best in the game, _ _? 19. Lets go home together, _ _? 20. Let us stop to rest, _ _? 21. Dont make any noise, _
21、 _? 22. Do sit down, _ _? 23. You feed the bird today, _ _? 24. Please open the window, _ _? 25. There are two cakes on the plate, _ _? 二、 单选1、Few of them hurt themselves in the accident last night,_A. dont they B. didnt they C. did they D. do they2、 -Youve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you ?-_. Ho
22、w I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.A. Yes, I have B. No, I havent C. Certainly, I have D. Of course, I havent3、His sister had a bad cough, _she?A. wasnt B. doesnt C. hadnt D. didnt4、Mr. Green went to Shenzhen on business last week,_?A. isnt he B. doesnt he C. didnt he D. hasnt he 5、He can hardly u
23、nderstand any Chinese, _he?A. Cant B. doesnt C. can D. does 6、Dont smoke in the meeting-room,_?A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you7、Lucy, clean the blackboard today,_A. do you B. did you C. will you D. can you 8、 Miss Cheng will never forget her first visit to Canada ,_?A. will she B. wont
24、 she C. isnt she d. wasnt she 9、The lady couldnt say a word when she saw the snake,_?A. could the lady B. couldnt the lady C. could she D. couldnt she10、Tina is unhappy now,_?A. isnt she B. is she C. is he D.did she11、My uncle has never been to a foreign country,_?A. has he B. does he C. hasnt he D.
25、 doesnt he12、There is some water in that bottle, isnt _6A. there B. it C. that D.those13、-Lets go and play football,_? -Thats wonderful.A. will you B. do you C. wont you D. shall we14、-The boy has to stay at home to look after his little sister,_?- -Yes, because his mother has gone shopping.A. does
26、he B. is he C. doesnt he D. hasnt he 15、-You wont pass this example, will you ?- -_,I dont think you are right.A. No, I wont B. Yes, I will C. No, I will D. Yes, I wont 三、 句型转换，根据要求改写句子。1、Lucy asked him to turn down the radio.(对划线部分提问)_ _ Lucy ask him to do?2、 They will finish building the house in
27、two weeks. .(对划线部分提问)_ _ _they finish building the house?3、Mary does her homework at home in Sunday. (改为一般疑问句)_ Mary _ her homework at home on Sunday？4、The old man can hardly dress himself .(反意疑问句)5、Its ten minutes walk from my home to the school.（对划线部分提问）_ _is it from your home to the school?6、She
28、is going to be a nurse in the future.( 对划线部分提问)_is she going to _in the future?7、Allan will go back to England by plane next month. (对划线部分提问)_ _ Allan go back to England next month.8、Well have a class meeting this afternoon.( 改为一般疑问句)._you _ a class meeting this afternoon？9、John went to see his gran
29、dmother once a week. .( 对划线部分提问)_ _ _ John go to see his grandmother?10、Jim is ill. Lets go and see him after school, _ _?(反意疑问句)11、I dont think his father knows English, _ _ ?(反意疑问句)12、She did very well in her English exam. ( 改为一般疑问句)._ she _ very well in her English exam?13、I have been to Beijing twice. .( 对划线部分提问)_ _ have you been to Beijing?14、He thinks his aunt is right_ _?(反意疑问句)15、Lindas just come back from America _ _?(反意疑问句)答案：BBDCC BAACA AADCB
