1、 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 1 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户I 名词1.含义用来表示人，动物，时间，地点，状态或抽象名词。名词是一种实词，名词可以做主语、宾语、定语、同位语、宾补、状语、表语、独立成分等。2分类类别意义 举例专有名词表示人、时间、节日、地方、组织、机构或事物等专有的名称。专有名词中每个实词的首字母要大写。China the Great Wall March Mary Christmas the UN SARS AIDS个体名词表单个的人、物、事child teacher desk book tree accident 集体名词表集合、团体 class family clu
2、b group crew police team people machinery jewellery clothing furniture 普通名词可数名词复合两个或两个以上名词连在一起构boy-friend passer-by brother-in-law grown-up looker- 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 2 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户名词成的名词物质名词表物质或材料的名称，无法判断个体的事、物water milk money silk bread tea air fire salt sugar 不可数名词 抽象名词表示行为、动作、品质、状态、感情等life mind p
3、eace health luck happiness value pain honesty3.名词的数1）名词复数规则变化举例构成方法单数 复数多数名词在词尾加-sbookballstudentbooksballsstudents以-s,-x,-sh,-ch 结尾的再词尾加 esbusboxwatchdishbuzzbusesboxeswatchesdishes 碟子buzzes 电铃声 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 3 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户以辅音字母加 y 结尾的名词，变 y为 i，再加escitybabycountrystorycitiesbabiescountriesstori
4、es以 y结尾的名词以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词和专有名词,在词加 skey Henry Mary keysHenrysMarys 一般把 f 或fe 变为 v，再加 esleafthiefknifewifeleavesthieveskniveswives有些直接加 s roofchiefbeliefroofschiefsbeliefs以f或fe结尾的名词个别词以上两种变化都有beef-beefs/beeveshandkerchief-handkerchiefs/handkerchieve 手帕以 o 结尾的名词，在词尾加 es 或者 spotatoechopotatoesechoes 回声
5、您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 4 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户tomato tomatoesbambooradiophotobamboosradiosphotos2)名词复数不规则变化举例构成方法单数 复数变 a 为 e manwomanEnglishmanGerman(特殊)menwomenEnglishmen Germans 变内部元音字母变 oo 为 ee footgoosetoothfeetgeeseteeth完全不规则 childoxmousedatumbasismediumchildrenoxenmicedatabasesmedia复合名词的变化主体词变复数armymanlook
6、er-onarmymenlookers- 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 5 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户runner-upeditor-in-chiefpasser-bymather-in-lawgrand-childrunners-upeditors-in-chiefpassers-bymothers-in-lawgrand-children没有主体词的在最后一个词的词尾加 sgo-betweengrown-upboy-friendgo-betweensgrown-upsboy-friends由 woman 和 man 构成的复合名词，前后两部分复数woman doctorgentlema
7、n-farmerman cookwomen doctorsgentlemen-farmersmen cooks4.名词单复数的一些习惯用法1）单复数同行的词Chinese li 里 people Swiss 瑞士人 deer means 手段 series 系列Vietnamese 越南人 fish mu 亩 sheep yuan 元 Japanese 2）常用复数形式的词arms 武器 earnings 挣的钱 pants 裤子 socks 袜子 ashes 灰烬 findings 调查结果 pyjamas 睡衣裤 stairs 楼梯 belongs 所有 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 6 页
8、 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户物 firewoods 烟火 remains 残余 surroundings 环境 clothes 衣服 forces 武装部队 savings 储蓄 trousers 裤子sweepings 扫拢的垃圾 compass 指南针 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀 thanks 感激 congratulations 祝贺 jeans 牛仔裤 shoes 鞋子 tropics 热带 doings 行为 mountains 山脉 shorts 短裤 3)形式为复数，意思为单数News 消息 crossroads 十字路口 physics 物理 politic
9、s 政治 mathematics 数学 headquarters 司令部4）表示总体意义，总用作复数police 警察 people 人们，人民 clothes 衣服 cattle 牛群 public 公众Exercise：用 be 动词填空1. Two hundred police_ on duty.2. A lot of people _ on the square.3. Many cattle _ kept.5) 有些集合名词既可以表示单数，也可以表示复数例词 单数词义复数词义例词 单数词义复数词义class team committeeclub班级对委员会俱乐部班里成员队员委员会fam
10、ilygroupyouth crew家庭群青年全体船家庭成员一群人青年人 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 7 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户army 军队 成员俱乐部成员军人government 员政府同事们政府成员注意：集合名词若作为一个整体看待的话，谓语用单数；若作为个体看待，谓语用复数。Exercises:1 My family _ (be) a big one.2 When I came in, his family _ (be) watching TV.3 The football team _ (be) very good.4 The team _ (be) bathing.6)有些
11、名词在中国人看来不可数，当在英语表达中却可以加 a/an.e.g a/an coffee/hurry/pleasure/successa/an rain/income/population/surprisea/an education/increase/rest/timea/an headache/interest/reward/tripa/an help/knowledge/ride/voice/walka/an history/salary/sight/pity/honor/whispere.g1) I had a good time at the party.2) After suppe
12、r we go out for a walk.3) The snow that covers the top of the mountain is a beautiful 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 8 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户4) He got a good education when he was in England.5) China has a population of 1.3 billion.6) China is a large country with a long history.7). 有些名词通常用作单数，表示整体，比如 hair, fruit, vegeta
13、ble,但是表示若干种头发，若干水果，若干蔬菜时，则需要用复数形式。e.g 1) Mothers hair is grey.She has a few white hairs.2)The fruit is ripening.Her daughter likes pears, apples, and other juicy fruits.8) 有些名词单复数意思不同。people 人们 -peoples 人民 game 游戏- games 运动会compass 指南针 - compasses 圆规 interest 兴趣- interests 利益 manner 方法 - manners 礼貌
14、custom 习惯，风俗- customs 海关，关税5.名词的量1) 常表示一双，一对、一副，如：a pair of shoes a pair of glasses a pair of socks2）其他的量、数、单位词a.常搭配不可数名词：piece 片、块、张、条, slice 落片, cup，glass 杯, lump 块, bar 条, block 块、片, sum 一笔, 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 9 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户一滴, sheet 片、张、页, loaf 块、个, grain 粒, cake 块, ear 穗, bottle 瓶b. 搭配可数名词：set
15、组、套 , row 排, copy 本、复印本, group 组、群 , team 队, line 行, suit 套, bunch 捆、束, pocket 包、袋, basket 篮3）限定词a. 只能修饰可数名词：many, few, a number of b. 只能修饰不可数名词：much, little, a large mount of, a great deal ofc. 两者都可以修饰：some, any, plenty of, a lot of, a large quantity of 6.名词所有格1.构成1.1 s 所有格类别 构成形式 举例一般名词 +s my frie
16、nds dog复数名词以 s 或 es 结尾+ the students classroom以 s 或 x 结尾的专有名词+s 或+ Childrens day 并列名词各自所有 两个名词都+s Marys and Toms 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 10 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户rooms并列名词共同所有 最后一个名词+s Mary and Toms room1.1.1 应用1）表示有生命的东西的所有格（如上表） ，但在某些习惯用语中也表示无生命的东西的所有格。e.g The beach is within a stones throw. 到海边只有一步之遥。2)表时间、距离、国
17、家、城市、团体机构等无生命名词的所有格。e.g a ten minutes walk Chinas industry todays newspaper3）表类别、属性 mens shoes a doctors degree childrens booksa summers day a workers family4）表动作的执行者或承受者 my teachers praise childrens education5） s 所有格后面的名词如果指商店、家宅、教堂、诊所等地点时，该名词常被省略。the doctors 诊所 the tailor裁缝店 the butchers 肉店 the gr
18、ocers 食品店 the barbers 理发店 my uncle我叔叔家 Queens 女王学院 Johnsons 约翰逊的家/商店6） s 所有格修饰的名词，如果上文已经提到，常省略，避免重复。e.g This is not Toms book, its his friends.1.2 of 所有格构成：名词+ of+名词e.g the capital of China, the door of the room, 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 11 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户the life of the poor, the grandpa of the children1.3
19、双重所有格构成：of+名词s (或名词性物主代词)1）表整体中的部分 a friend of my fathers= one of my fathers friendsa class of mine a class of Toms2) 表示赞赏或厌恶的感情the performance of teachers- teachers performance(不欣赏，不赞成)the wife of Mr. Greens- Mr. Greens wife(带有厌恶情绪) 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 12 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户Exercises:1.Both Marx and Engels
20、were_.a. Germans b. Germen c. from German d. Germany2. My teacher gave me_ just now.a. an advice b. an advise c. a piece of advice d.a piece of advise3.I saw_ in the meeting-room.a. many people b. much people c. many peoples d. a lot of people4. Have you read_?a. today b. the today paper c. todays p
21、aper d. the todays paper5. My father has had one of his _ taken out.a. tooth b. tooths c. teeth d. 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 13 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户6. He made many mistakes in his composition because of_.a. careless b. careful c. carelessness d. carefulness7. Where are the _ clothes?a. womens b. women c. of womens
22、 d. womans8. After climbing for two hours we were glad to take_ rest.a. a few minutes b. a few minutes c. a little minutes d. a little minutes9. The woman over there is _.a. Julia and Mary mother b. Julia and Marys motherc. Julias and Marys mother d. Julias and Mary mother10. His work is better than
23、_.a. anyone b. anyone else c. anyone elses d. anyones else11. He forgot both of the _.a. rooms numbers b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers12. The dictionary is sent by _. a. a friend of my father b. a friend of my fathersc. my father friend d. my father friends13. Li Ying has three _.a.
24、brothers-in-law b. brothers-in-laws c. brother-in-law d. brother-in-laws14. Mr. Smith looks very happy today. He has got _ good news from 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 14 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户home.a. many b.much c. little d. a few15. The book you gave me wasnt really _.a. much used b. able to use c. of useful d. of muc
25、h use16. There _ some _ in the woods.a. is, deer b. are, deers c. is deers d. are, deer17. Which do you prefer, _ or _?a. potatos, tomatos b. potatos, tomatoesc. potatoes, tomatos d. potatoes, tomatoes18. We will work for the people all our _.a. lifes b. lives c. live d. life19. The _ of the cottage
26、 were covered with_.a. roofs, leafs b. roofs, leaves c. rooves, leafs d. rooves, leaves20. Beijing has _.a. many populations b. a large population c. much population d. large population21. What a lot of _ I have to finish today!a. works b. work c. job d. working22. Will you please make _ for the man
27、 outside?a. space b. place c. room d. seats23. My younger sister always wears beautiful _.a. clothes b. cloth c. clothing d. 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 15 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户24. The little died a heroic_.a. dying b. dead c. death d. die25. She has a good_ and sings beautifully.a. sound b. noise c. voice d. throat2
28、6. Mary regards Shanghai as her second _ because she has been here for over then years.a. family b. room c. house d. home27. Is this a good camera? Can it take color_?a. portraits b. film shows c. pictures d. paintings28. Did you see that _, involving two cars and a bike?a. accident b. incident c. d
29、anger d. event29. I watched a wrestling _ on TV the other day.a. fight b. match c. play d. sport30. The teacher did according to the students _.a. advice b. advise c. advices d. suggestion31. I had to tell Mr. Wood my _ in the school and at last I told him the truth that I didnt have any_ in teachin
30、g.a. experiences, experience b. experience, experiencesc. experience, experience d. experiences, experiences32. The _ of the fire hasnt been discovered.a. excuse b. reason c. source d. cause33. His parents always let him have his own _ of 您身边的志愿填报指导专家第 16 页 版权所有中国高考志愿填报门户a. method b. way c. means d. mean34. Lets meet in the garden during the lunch_.a. rest b. break c. stop d. time35. _ must be carried out on the new equipment.a. Examination b. Experiments c. Tests d. Checks
