1、1高一定语从句 语法归纳及练习1、语法知识归纳基本概念：（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that 和 whose, 另外，as 也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where 和 why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本
2、用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词 先行 词 从句成分 例句 备注who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose fath
3、er works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用t
4、hat关系代词as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） Th
5、e plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。 （见上例）（二）关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况which, that
6、在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。1 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of t
7、his kind that Ive ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is to
8、give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用 who, 而不用 that 的一些情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行词是 those 时。例如： Those who were not fit for their work could n
9、ot see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情况 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woma
10、n that was praised at the meeting?（五）与 whose 有关的问题 whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当 whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用 of which 的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building, the roof of whic
11、h you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which 作介词 with 的宾语）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just
12、 now? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或 who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。例如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking
13、to? 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000
14、. All that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的 all 意为“ 一切”，作单数。例 中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。五、如何选择关系代词，关系副词先把主句和定语从句分开，再找出定语从句所修饰的名词/代词（即先行词） ，然后放入定语从句中，看看这两者的搭配情况。1）如果定语从句和该先行词可
15、以直接相连，且在从句中充当主语/宾语/表语的话，则用关系代词。因为关系代词也属于代词，而代词功能同名词，在句子中一般充当语/宾语/表语。如：This is the city (which/that) you visited last year.2定语从句所修饰的先行词是 the city，放入定语从句 you visited last year 中，则它直接充当 visited 的宾语，变成：you visited the city last year.2）如果定语从句和该先行词无法直接相连，必须另外多加上介词，并在定语从句中充当状语时，则使用关系副词。如：This is the city w
16、here you stayed last year.定语从句所修饰的先行词也是 the city，将其放入定语从句中不能直接作成分，必须加上介词 in，一起做从句的地点状语，即定语从句变为：you stayed in the city last year.六、定语从句改错考点定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、 关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一致问题。1 判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。2 判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。3 检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确， 尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。4 检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。5 检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。
17、6 检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使用是否正确。7 检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外， 是否还有多余的代词或副词。七、练习题I. 选择适当的关系代词或关系副词把下列句子补充完整。1. His father died in the year _ he was born.2. He is unlikely to find the place _ he lived forty years ago.3. Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?4. Recently I bought a beautiful vase _ price was q
18、uite reasonable.5. The reason _ I came here is to get your help.6. I got the book in a small bookstore, the name of _ I cannot remember.7. I will never forget the day _ we first met.8. Is this the factory _ you once worked for?9. Is that the reason _ he gave for his terrible behavior?10. The kind gi
19、rl _ shared her umbrella with me this morning turned out to be my boss.II. 用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in these places.Its warm and wet all year round in these places._2. Shall we go shopping this weekend?Ill have finished all my work by then._3. Sandy is not a very popular singer, because of hi
20、s strange way.He dances in a strange way._4. Is there any reason?They dont agree with each other on anything._5. How can I forget that birthday? I was caught cheating on that day._III. 单项填空1. Do you know the reason_ Tom didnt come yesterday?A. which B. why C. who D. that2. After living in Paris for
21、fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when3. Is this the reason_ she gave for not finishing her homework yesterday?A. why B. for which C. that D. to which4. After the war, a new school was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. whic
22、h C. when D. where5. Do you know the reason _ she got so angry yesterday?A. why B. that C. which D. whom6. Do you believe the reason _ he gave for his being late?A. why B. for which C. which D. it7. He has got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. where
23、 B. which C. while D. when8. I dont like the way _ you speak to her.A. which B. / C. of which D. by which9. The old man told us _ the days _ he was poor were gone.A. that, when B. what, when C. when, that D. something, that10. I shall never forget the day _ Shenzhou V was launched, _ has a great eff
24、ect on my life.A. when; which B. that; which C. which; that D. when; that11. I walked in the garden, _Tom and Jim were tying a big string onto one of the trees.A. which B. when C. where D .that12. Lets put off the picnic until next week, _ the weather may be better.A. as B. then C. if D. when13. We
25、are living in an age many things are done on computer. A. which B. that C. whose D. when14. Winter is the time of year _ the days are short and nights are long. A. that B. which C. when D. whose 15. Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the city?A. which B. whose C. what D. who 16. Can you su
26、ggest a time _ we can meet? A. which B. when C. where D. how 17. These days _ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. A. that B. when C. on which D. at which 18. Nearly all the food _ comes from animals and plants. A. that eat B. is eaten C. we eat D. that eats 19. This is _ I can do for you r
27、ight now. A. which B. that C. what D. as 20. I can still remember the sitting-room _my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where21. On the train I saw a student _ I thought was your sister. A. who B. whom C. which D. that 22. Egypt is a country _ is famous for its py
28、ramids.A. where B. which C. in which D. at which 23. China is the country _ he spent the best part of his life. A. where B. which C. in that D. at which 24. Have you got anything _ belongs to me? A. which B. that C. of which D. what 25. This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which
29、C. from that D. from which26. I didnt like the way _ she treated children. A. which B. that C. how D. as 27. He is the only one of the three _ got the new idea. A. who have B. whom have C. who has D. whose had 28. The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A. in which B
30、. in that C. in whose D. whose29. Alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom 30. It was at our college library _ I borrowed the novel. A. which B. in which C. that D. where 3IV. 改错1. Is this the museum the one the exhib
31、ition was held?2. Who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.3. That is not the hospital that I stayed last time.4. I am looking forward to the day which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a person once told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake happened in Sichuan.7.
32、He is one of the students who is never late.V. 真题回顾1. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. (08 山东)A. who B. which C. why D. when2. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (2008 江西)A. where
33、 B. when C. who D. which3. All the neighbors admire the family _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. (2008 安徽)A. why B. where C. which D. that4. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (2007 天津) A. when B. whose C. which D. w
34、here5. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (2007 陕西)A. which B. as C. why D. where6. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. ( 2007 山东)A. that B. there C. which D. where7. After graduation she reached a point in her c
35、areer _ she heeded to decision what to do. (2007 江西)A. that B. what C. which D. where8. The village has developed a lot we learned farming two years ago. (2007 福建)A. when B. which C. that D. where9. If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. (2005 上海)A.
36、that B. which C. when D. where10. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.（04 广西）A. where B. which C. when D. that 11. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. （07 全国） A. then B. there C. while D. where 12. We shouldnt spent our
37、money testing so many people, most of _are healthy. (07 北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom13. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (07 天津) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 14. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of Engli
38、sh fail to use the language properly.（07 陕西） A. which B. as C. why D. where15. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. （07 山东）A. that B. there C. which D. where 参考答案（一）选择适当的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 或 whose，把下列句子补充完整。1. when 2. where 3. when 4.whose 5. why 6. which 7. (when)
39、 8. (that/which) 9. (that) 10. who/that（二）用定语从句合并下列句子1. Bamboo grows well in places where its warm and wet all year round.2. Shall we go shopping this weekend by which time Ill have finished all my work.?3. Sandy is not a very popular singer because of the strange way he dances.4. Is there any reaso
40、n why they dont agree with each other on anything?5. How can I forget that birthday when I was caught cheating?（三）单项填空1-5 BBCDA 6-10 CABAA 11-15 CDDCB 16-20 BACCD 21-25 ABABD 26-30 BCCCC（四）改错1. Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?或者Is this museum the one where the exhibition was held.2.
41、 Whoever is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.或者Anyone who is late for the meeting tomorrow will be punished.3. That is not the hospital where/ in which I stayed last time.4. I am looking forward to the day when /on which I become independent.5. Why do you believe a person who/that once
42、 told so many lies?6. Nobody will forget the earthquake that/which happened in Sichuan.7. He is one of the students who are never late.（五）真题回顾 1-5 DABDD 6-10 DDDDA 高一定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A.
43、 whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the da
44、y _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best f
45、ilms _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in w
46、hich C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. w
