1、1高一定语从句 语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念（一） 定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二） 先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有：who, whom, which, that 和whose, 另外，as 也可充当关系代词。关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where 和 why。在定语从句中充当状语。二、关系代词的用法（一）基本
2、用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。如下表：关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注who 人 主语，宾语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom 人 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人，物 定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father
3、works abroad is my classmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物 主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.whom, which 和 that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that关系
4、代词as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语一般不省略例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语） The pla
5、n that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。 （见上例）（二）关系代词 that 代替 which 的一些情况2which, that 在代替物
6、时，一般可以通用。但在有些情况下，只用 that。1 先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this
7、kind that Ive ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。例如： The only thing that we can do is to give
8、 you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用 who, 而不用 that 的一些情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone 时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行词是 those 时。例如： Those who were not fit for their work could not s
9、ee the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情况 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑问词 who 或 which 时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman th
10、at was praised at the meeting?（五）与 whose 有关的问题 whose 是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当 whose 表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用 of which 的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.3 The building, the roof of which y
11、ou can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which 作介词 with 的宾语）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just no
12、w? 但是，要注意的是： 介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用 whom 和 which，而不再用 that 或 who。 介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of 等。例如： 错误：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正确：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?
13、 错误：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is reading over there? The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000. A
14、ll that needs to be done has been done. He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study. Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的 all 意为“一切” ，作单数。例中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人，因此谓语动词也用单数。that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别：情况 用法说明 例句只用 that 的情况1 先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothi
15、ng, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时6 句中已经有 who 或 which 时，为了避免重复时1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I
16、have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用 which, who, whom 的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用who/whom 指人2 在由“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which 指物， whom 指人。3 先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which, 先行词为tho
17、se, one, he 时多用 who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.4（ 一 ） 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 只 能 用 that 的 几 种 情 况 1、 当 先 行 词 是 anything, everything, nothing (something 除 外 ), few, all,
18、none, little, some 等 代 词 时 ， 或 者是 由 every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much， each 等 修 饰 时 (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I c
19、an do for you. 注 意 1： 部 分 时 候 that 可 以 省 略 ， 如 部 分 例 句 将 that 用 括 号 括 住 。 注 意 2： 当 先 行 词 指 人 时 ， 偶 尔 也 可 以 用 who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2、 当 先 行 词 被 序 数 词 修 饰 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、 当 先 行 词 被 形 容 词 最 高 级 修 饰 时 This is
20、the best film that I have seen. 4、 当 形 容 词 被 the very, the only， the same,the last ,any,little 等 修 饰 时 (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 当 先 行 词 指 人 时 ， 偶 尔 也 可 以 用 who (3) Wang Hua is the only perso
21、n in our school who will attend the meeting？ 5、 当 先 行 词 前 面 有 who, which 等 疑 问 代 词 时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、 当 先 行 词 既 有 人 ， 也 有 动 物 或 者 物 体 时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.当 关 系 代 词 在 定 语 从 句 中
22、 做 表 语 The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.当 在 there be 句 型 中 ， 通 常 情 况 下 用 that， 不 用 which（ 二 ） 关 系 代 词 as 和 which 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 as 和 which 引 导 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 ， 有 相 同 之 处 也 有 不 同 之 处 。 具 体 情 况 是 ： 1、 As 和 which 都 可 以 在 定 语 从 句 中 做 主 语 或 者 宾 语 ， 代 表 前 面 整 个 句 子 。 (1)
23、 He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2、 as 引 导 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 ， 可 放 在 主 句 之 前 ， 或 者 主 句 之 后 ， 甚 至 可 以 切 割 一 个 主 句 ； which 引 导 的 非 限 制 性 定 语从 句 只 能 放 在 主 句 之 后 。 另 外 ， as 有 “正 如 ， 正 像 ”的 意 思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is fr
24、om the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 注 意 ： 当 主 句 和 从 句 存 在 逻 辑 上 的 因 果 关 系 时 ， 常 用 which。 (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3、 当 先 行 词 受 such, th
25、e same 修 饰 时 ， 常 用 as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. 5(2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注 意 ： 当 先 行 词 由 the same 修 饰 时 ， 偶 尔 也 用 that 引 导 定 语 从 句 ， 但 是 和 由 as 所 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 意 思 不 同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Ma
26、rys wedding. 她 穿 着 她 在 MARY 婚 礼 上 穿 过 的 一 条 裙 子 。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她 穿 着 和 她 妹 妹 所 穿 的 一 样 的 裙 子 。 注 意 ： 定 语 从 句 suchas 与 结 果 状 语 从 句 such that的 区 别 ： as 在 所 引 导 的 定 语 从 句 中 作 主 语 ， 宾 语 ； that 在结 果 状 语 从 句 中 不 做 成 分 (6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.
27、(7)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. (三 ） 以 the way 为 先 行 词 的 定 语 从 句 通 常 由 in which, that 引 导 ， 而 且 通 常 可 以 省 略 。 The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四 ) but 有 时 也 可 以 做 关 系 词 引 导 定 语 从 句 There are very few but understand his idea。 ( but= who dont ) (
28、五 ) 区 分 定 语 从 句 和 同 位 语 从 句 1、 定 语 从 句 修 饰 先 行 词 ， 它 和 先 行 词 是 修 饰 关 系 ； 同 位 语 从 句 说 明 先 行 词 的 具 体 内 容 ， 是 补 充 说 明 的 关 系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定 语 从 句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同 位 语 从 句 2、 定 语 从 句 由 关 系 代 词 或 者 关 系 副 词 引 导 ， 关 系 词 在 句 中 充 当 成 分 ， 有
29、时 可 以 省 略 ； 同 位 语 从 句 主 要 由 that 引 导 ， 在 句 中 一 般 不 做 成 分 ； 句 子 也 可 以 由 when, where, how, why, whether, what 等 词 引 导 ， 充 当 成 分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定 语 (4) The problem h
30、ow we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3、 同 位 语 从 句 和 先 行 词 一 般 可 以 用 be 动 词 发 展 成 一 个 完 整 的 句 子 ， 而 定 语 从 句 不 可 以 发 展 成 一 个 完 整 的 句 子 ， (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同 位 语 (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact t
31、hat the moon moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 定 语 从 句 介 词 +关 系 词 1） 介 词 后 面 的 关 系 副 词 不 能 省 略 。 2） that 前 不 能 有 介 词 。 3） 某 些 在 从 句 中 充 当 时 间 ， 地 点 或 原 因 状 语 的 “介 词 +关 系 词 “结 构 可 以 同 关 系 副 词 when 和 where 互 换 。 例 如 ： This is the house in wh
32、ich I lived two years ago. 这 是 我 两 年 前 住 过 的 房 子 。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还 记 得 你 加 入 我 们 俱 乐 部 的 那 一 天 吗 ？ Do you remember the day when you joined our club？高一定语从句专项练习(1)1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Pa
33、lace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 64.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist
34、Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working si
35、nce then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D
36、. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It
37、 there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B.
38、whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same nov
39、els 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. w
40、ho 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for which B.for that
41、C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. wh
42、ose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason
43、_he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A
44、. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 735.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.Th
45、is is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however,
46、 popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.tha
47、t; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C.through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A.
