1、 1 / 6动词不定式的用法总结动词不定式由：“to +动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式具有名词特征，可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。一.不定式的用法：1.作主语不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语动词后，用 it 作形式主语。To see is to believe.It is possible to live an independent and fulfilling life.(P4)2.作宾语不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之
2、后，而用 it 作形式宾语。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词，begin, continue, hope, decide, want, wish, try, learn, afford, agree, manage, refuse 等等。He wanted to go.I find it interesting to study English.I have learned to adapt to my disability.3.作宾语补足语(ask, tell, order, cause, allow, want, like , advise, force, permit, get 等)He as
3、ked me to do the work with him.注意：在 feel, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make 等词后的补足语中，不定式不带 to，但是这些句子如果变成被动结构，就必须带 to。I often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.She asked me to go out.4.作定语不定式作定语常放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面。Let us give him something to e
4、at.He is looking for a room to live in.2 / 6The family village website gives ordinary young people with a disability the chance to tell their personal stories.5.作状语表目的，原因，结果或条件。目的状语可用：in order to, so as toI came here to see you.Check your composition so as to avoid mistakes.Next year he will be trai
5、ned to be a teacher.结果状语可用：enough to, soas to, tooto, only toHe lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.Some days I was too tired to get out of bed.原因状语可用：sb.+ adj.+to doI am glad to help you.She was proud to have recently represented her country.条件状语 To look at him, you would like him.6.作表语My
6、 job is to help patients.His ambition is to become an actor.7.作独立成分To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.常见的词还有：to be frank(坦白地说)，to be exact（确切地说）, to begin with(首先)。8.不定式与疑问词 who, which, when, where, how ,what, 等连用在句中起名词作用，可充当主语，宾语和表语等He didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very i
7、mportant.So they dont know how to make me well.3 / 6二.不带 to 的不定式1）在使役动词 feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe 后不定式作宾补时省略 to。2）在 would ratherthan, rather than 等结构的 than 之后用不带 to 的不定式。I would rather go than stay.He insisted on going back to his work rather than s
8、tay in hospital.3）在以 why 引导的疑问句中不带 to。Why not do it right now?4）不定式动词在介词 but, except, besides 后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do 的 各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带 to,否则要带 to。She could do nothing but cry.I have no choice but to accept the fact.5）不定式作表语时，在下列情况下可省略 to：当含 do 的定语从句或含 do 的不定式修饰 all, all that thing, the only(first,
9、 last) thing,且它们是该主句（该句）的主语时，作表语的不定式的 to 可省去。All we do is (to) work.All that thing I want to do now is (to) drink some water.The only thing to do is (to) run away.The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast.当主语时含 do 的主语从句时，作表语的不定式的 to 可省。What I want to do is (to) take a holiday.What you do now is (
10、to) bring me a cup of tea.三动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式 to do、进行式 to be doing 和完成式 having done，当动词不定式的逻辑主语是它所表示的动作的承受者时，动词不定式要用被动语态。如：It is an honour for me to be invited to the party. 我很荣幸被邀请参加聚会。4 / 6动词不定式专项练习题1. Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 2. The boy wa
11、nted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going 4. I saw him _ out of the room. A. go B. had gone C. has gone D.
12、goes 5. Ive heard him _ about you often. A. spoke B. speaks C. speak6. Though he had often made his little sister _, today he was made _by his little sister. A. cry；to cry B. crying；crying C. cry；cry D. to cry；cry 7. There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know _. A. where to choose
13、 B. which to choose C. to choose what D. to choose which 8. “ Have you decided when _?” “ Yes, tomorrow morning.” A. to leave B. to be leaving C. will you leave D. are you leaving 9. She pretended _ me when I passed by. A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen 10. - The light in
14、the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _. A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off 11. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 12. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose h
15、is job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 13. I prefer _ rather than _. A. read； watch B. to read； watch C. reading； to watch D. to read； to watch 14. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _. A. sit B. sit on C. be sit D. be sat on 15. Im hu
16、ngry. Get me something _. A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. for eating 16. She did nothing _ at the photo. A. except look B. but to look C. except to look D. but looking 5 / 617. The problem _ at tomorrows meeting is a very difficult one. A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. to discuss
17、18. This problem is said _ three times. A. to have been talked B. to have discussed C. having been discussed D. to have been talked about 高考体验1.（2011 福建卷）The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable _.A.held B. holding C.be held D.to hold2.（2011 四
18、川卷） Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly.A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep3.（2011 天津卷）Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried4.（2011 重庆卷）More TV programs, according to govern
19、ment to officials, will be produced _peoples concern over food safety.A.to raise B.raisingC.to have raised D. having raised5.（2011 北京卷） Its important for the figures _ regularly.A. to be updated B. to have been updatedC. to update D. to have updated6.【2012 辽宁】This machine is very easy _. Anybody can
20、 learn to use it in a few minutes.A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate7.【2012 江西】 Having finished her project, she was invited by the school _ to the new students.A. speaking B. having spoken C. to speak D. to have spoken8.【2012 湖南】Weve had a good start, but next, more work need
21、s _ to achieve the final success.A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do .9.【2012 山东】 George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him.A. to be told B. telling C. being told D. told 10.【2012 陕西】 If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even 6 / 6greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
