1、Chapter 9 Body Temperature (体 温),1.Body temperaturemean core temperaturebody temperature normal values（） armpit temperature 36.0-37.4(腋温)nonnasality temperature 36.7-37.7 (口腔温) rectum temperature 36.9-37.9 (直肠温),The normal change of the body temperature (体温的正常变动)：,1). Circadian rhythm (昼夜节律)morning
2、afternoon 2). Sex female male 3). Age enfant elder,4). Muscle activity 5). Other factorsEmotionDietEnvironment temperature,2.Heat balance (体热平衡) (1)Heat production(产热过程),Sources of heat Basal Metabolism (基础代谢) Muscle activity(at discretion、shivering 随意、寒战） Special dynamic action of foods(食物特殊动力作用),(
3、2)Heat loss (散热过程),Heat loss organs：skinrespiratory tract (呼吸道)digestive tract (消化道)urethra (泌尿道),Loss of heat by radiation conduction and convection (辐射、传导和对流散热), 方式 原 理 影 响 因 素 应 用 辐射 热射线 肤气温差.有效面积(正变) 空 调传导 直接传递 肤物温差.导热度(正变) 冰袋降温对流 直接传递 肤气温差.风速(正变) 电扇降温,Loss of heat by evaporation (蒸发散热),Influenc
4、e factors： skin temperature、the rate of sweating (正变)、humidity (反变) 肤温、汗量(正变)、湿度(反变) Application： loss of heat by evaporation of sweat (发汗降温),The type of the evaporation: Insensible perspiration (不感蒸发) Sensible perspiration (可感蒸发) Sweating (发汗)（气温皮肤温度时，蒸发是唯一的散热方式),Skin temperature (皮肤温度),It lies on
5、blood flow of skin (取决于皮肤血流量): 1. 动脉穿透隔热组织在乳头下层形成动脉网 2. 皮下Cap异常弯曲并进而形成丰富的静脉网 3. 皮下有大量的 A-V吻合支,Sweating (发汗)：,Centrum (中枢)： CNS (中枢神经系统)（chief centrum： hypothalamus下丘脑） Types：thermal sweating； spirituality sweatingSweat gland: eccrine gland；apocrine gland(小汗腺) (大汗腺),(温热性发汗),(精神性发汗),Characteristic of
6、the sweat(汗液特点)： hypotonic(低渗),hypertonic dehydration (高渗性脱水)（只补水可致低渗性脱水),heavy sweat(大汗),The speed of sweating lies on (发汗速度取决于):, Environment temperature (正变） Humidity influence(正变） Wind speed (反变） Work intensity（正变）,3. Thermoregulation(体温调节),(1)Thermoreceptor(温度感受器),Peripheral thermoreceptor(外周温度
7、感受器)（皮肤、粘膜、内脏),Central temperature receptors(中枢温度感受器)：spinal cord、medulla、brain stem、reticulum、hypothalamus （脊髓、延髓、脑干、网状结构、下丘脑） warm-sensitive neuron (热敏神经元) cold-sensitive neuron (冷敏神经元) preoptic-anterior hypothalamus area, POAH(视前区-下丘脑前部),(2)Temperature-regulation Centers （体温调节中枢）,Basic centers (基
8、本中枢): Hypothalamus (下丘脑)(POAH is the center part of conformity POAH为整合的中心部位),Set-point(调定点):All the temperature control mechanisms continually attempt to bring the body temperature back to certain level, this crucial temperature level is called the “set-point” (37) 。(调节体温于恒定水平的规定数值。37)Fig.7-5,多方输入 阶层整合 多方输出,spinal cord(脊髓) 脑干网状结构hypothalamus (下丘脑),Peripheral R(外周R)Center R(中枢R),VNS body N(躯体N) incretion system (内分泌系统),(3)The Regulation Process (调节过程),1.Enter into Chapter10 Osmoregulatory and excretion - kidney physiology (渗透调节与排泄-肾脏生理) 2.Back“introduction” 3.Over 4.Back to menu,
